CAS 13991-36-1: 4-Bromocrotonic Acid

γ-Bromocrotonic acid

4-Bromocrotonic acid is a 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) derivative. It inhibits the enzyme carnitine acyltransferase, which is involved in the uptake of fatty acids into mitochondria and their subsequent β-oxidation. This leads to an accumulation of fatty acids in the cytosol, which can inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and protein synthesis. 4-Bromocrotonic acid also inhibits glut1, an amp-activated protein kinase enzyme that plays a key role in cellular metabolism, leading to irreversible inhibition. 4-Bromocrotonic acid is used for analytical purposes as it is a good substrate for mitochondrial enzymes.

4-Bromocrotonic acid is a cyclic peptide that inhibits the activity of glut1, an enzyme that catalyzes the uptake of glucose into cells. It is also an irreversible inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, which prevents fatty acids from being transported into the mitochondria. This leads to decreased levels of fatty acids in muscle and increased levels in adipose tissue. 4-Bromocrotonic acid has been shown to activate insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, protein synthesis, and mitochondrial function in vitro. The effects are reversible with hydrochloric acid treatment.