Polycyclic Compounds

3-(2-Cyano-2,2-diphenylethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octanebromide (3CO) is a bronchodilator that is used to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is administered orally or in the form of dry powder inhalers. 3CO has been shown to be an anticholinergic agent, which blocks the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors in smooth muscle cells, leading to bronchoconstriction. This drug also has been shown to have potential for treating Alzheimer's disease due to its ability to inhibit phosphodiesterases and increase the level of cAMP in the brain.

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5-Chloroindole is a molecule that can bind to the CB2 cannabinoid receptor. It has been shown in experiments to be an allosteric modulator of this receptor. 5-Chloroindole has been found to have an inhibitory effect on degenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease, and may have therapeutic potential for these disorders. 5-Chloroindole binds to a metal surface by forming hydrogen bonds with the oxygen atom of its carboxyl group and the metal surface. The nucleophilic nature of 5-chloroindole allows it to react with chloride ions present in solution. 5-Chloroindole reacts with the carbon source in tissue culture, which leads to receptor activity and inhibition of cell proliferation.

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5-Aminoisatin is a serotonin receptor agonist and has been shown to have protective effects against liver cancer in vitro in human liver cancer cells. It also has a number of other biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, natriuretic, and leukemia inhibitory activities. 5-Aminoisatin interacts with the mitochondrial membrane and prevents cell death by inhibiting the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). This activity may be due to its ability to form ternary complexes with ATP and the voltage sensor domain of the mitochondrial protein voltage dependent anion channel (VDAC). 5-Aminoisatin binds to both the alpha subunit and beta subunit of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) enzyme. The binding of 5-aminoisatin to CaMKII leads to inhibition of phosphorylation at serine residue 397, which disrupts ATP binding.

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7-Cyanoindole is a synthetic compound that can be synthesized from amino-acids. The synthesis of 7-cyanoindole starts with the hydration of cyanamide, which yields cyanogen chloride. This reaction is followed by the dehydration of this molecule to produce 7-cyanoindole. The fluorescence properties and lifetimes are dependent on the hydration and dehydrations states. Synthetically, 7-cyanoindole is used as a fluorescent probe for amino acids in solution. This probe has been shown to bind to amino acids at acidic pHs and fluoresce brightly at wavelengths around 400 nm. Industrialized methods for synthesis include reacting cyanoacetylene with ammonia or methylamine in the presence of silicane or silicon dioxide as a catalyst. Reaction yield is dependent on the method used and ranges from 10% to 100%.

2-Chlorobenzimidazole is an analog of benzimidazole that has been synthesized by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. It is a white crystalline solid that can be dissolved in water and hydrochloric acid. 2-Chlorobenzimidazole inhibits the growth of herpes simplex virus by acting as a competitive inhibitor for the viral enzyme thymidine kinase, which catalyzes the conversion of thymine to thymidine. 2-Chlorobenzimidazole also binds to monoclonal antibodies, inhibiting their binding to their corresponding antigens. This activity may be due to its ability to bind covalently with amino groups on proteins and other molecules. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy has shown that 2-chlorobenzimidazole binds tightly with protonated (positively charged) phosphorous atoms within cells.

7-Hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (7OH-THQ) is a fluorophore that can be used to detect the presence of cancer cells. It is a linker and labile and can be synthesized from the lactam 7-hydroxypyrazolo-[4,3-a]pyridin-5(6H)-one. The synthesis of 7OH-THQ is possible by reacting 4-(dimethylamino)benzenesulfonyl chloride with 2,2'-dithiolethane in the presence of sodium hydroxide. 7OH-THQ has been shown to be effective as an anticancer drug in vitro assays for colon and breast cancer cells. It also has fluorescence properties that are sensitive to acidic conditions and pH levels.

5-Methoxyindole-3-acetonitrile is a synthetic compound used as a reference for the synthesis of melatonin. It is produced by the addition of magnesium to 5-methoxyindole, followed by reaction with cyanide and nitrile. The synthesis of this compound was first published in 1938 and has since been used as a reference for many other studies. It has been shown that 5-methoxyindole-3-acetonitrile has high performance liquid chromatography properties, with a linear range from 0.5 to 50 mg/mL and an ultraviolet spectrum that falls within the region between 220 nm and 400 nm. A molecular modeling study was conducted on this compound, which showed that it conforms with 4-hydroxy indole ring systems found in natural products such as tryptophan and serotonin. This product also has fluorescent properties, which are caused by its electron withdrawing group (cyano).

Chelating agent used to detect aqueous copper ions by electrochemiluminescence

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2,7-Dibromophenanthrene-9,10-dione is an aromatic hydrocarbon that has a bathochromic shift. It has monomers and can be cross-coupled with other compounds to form polymers. 2,7-Dibromophenanthrene-9,10-dione is chemically stable and activated thermally. It can be used as antimicrobial agents against bacteria that have a lipid membrane such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. This compound also has the ability to form excitons and act as an acceptor in fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The gel permeation chromatography of this compound has been shown to separate proteins by size or charge.

Applications 2-(Aminomethyl)-4-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino)phenol is a metabolite of Amodiaquine (A634200), an antimalarial agent. References Mariga, S.T., et. al.: Acta Tropica, 93, 221 (2005); Natarajan, L., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 22, 1230 (1972); Kracmer, J., et al.: Pharmazie, 29, 773 (1974); Ahmad, I., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 21, 43 (1992)

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Applications 1,1,2-Trimethyl-1H-benzo[e]indole-d6 is a labelled analogue of 1,1,2-Trimethyl-1H-benzo[e]indole (T896032). It is a useful research chemical.

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(S)-(-)-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinemethanol is a chiral molecule. The two enantiomers of this molecule are (R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinemethanol and (S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinemethanol. The (R) form has a planar chirality and the (S) form has an axial chirality. This molecule is optically active as it rotates plane polarized light to the right or left depending on its orientation. It also has stereogenic centers that can be in either the alpha or beta position. The hydrogenation of this molecule at C7 produces a stereogenic center in the alpha position. The aminophosphine ligand binds to the hydrogenated form of this molecule with high affinity and

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Applications A reagent used in the preparation of biologically active Azaindoles. References Minakata, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 45, 2345 (1997),

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(1R)-5-Bromo-2,3-dihydro-1-methyl-1H-isoindole is a compound that is soluble in inorganic acid and industrial solvents. It can be recrystallized from acetaldehyde, refluxed at a temperature of 130°C for 3 hours, or dropwise distilled. This compound can also be made by reacting the target product with the catalyst in an organic solvent and then filtering the reaction product.

N-Methylquinolinium tetrafluoroborate is a zwitterion that reacts with sulfanyl and sulfoxide to form transient species. It has been used for the stabilization of sulfide in aqueous media, as well as for mechanistic studies on the cleavage of sulfur-sulfur bonds. Irradiation of N-methylquinolinium tetrafluoroborate leads to bond cleavage and formation of quinolinium, which is kinetically inert. This compound can also be used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds such as coumarin derivatives or 9,10-dihydroanthracene derivatives. N-Methylquinolinium tetrafluoroborate reacts with chloroform and benzene to form new types of fluorescence and absorption spectra.

6-Benzyloxyindole-3-carboxaldehyde is a benzyl compound that is produced by the catalytic hydrogenolysis of benzyl alcohol. The debenzylation product of 6-benzyloxyindole-3-carboxaldehyde is known as benzene.

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4-Fluoroquinoline is a molecule that is used in the synthesis of fluorinated drugs. It has been shown to be tumorigenic in mice and rats and is thought to act by alkylating DNA. 4-Fluoroquinoline has been used for the preparation of radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. This compound can also be used as an intercalator and labeled with a radioisotope for use as a pharmaceutical or diagnostic agent. The 4-fluoroquinolines exhibit high affinity for nucleophilic sites on DNA, which leads to crosslinking and stabilization of the DNA strand. The chemical structures of these molecules are easily analyzed using chromatographic methods. Assays have been developed that allow detection of 4-fluoroquinoline in urine samples.

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4-Amino-3-bromoisoquinoline is an isocyanide that reacts with nucleophilic heteroatoms such as the amino group. It also reacts with bromine to form a bromopyridine. The nitrile group of 4-amino-3-bromoisoquinoline can be reduced with sodium borohydride to produce 4-aminoquinoline. This compound has shown potential for use in chemotherapy and treating bacterial infections.

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5-Bromo-2-phenyl-1H-indole is a dye sensitizer for solar cells. It is also used for the synthesis of other indoles, such as 3,4-dibromo-2,5-diphenyl-1H-indole. 5BPA has been shown to be an efficient sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells with a conversion efficiency of 8.6%. This compound has been found to be a regioselective synthesis and the reaction mechanism is well known. The transformation of 5BPA into 3,4-dibromo-2,5-diphenyl-1H-indole is accomplished through selective bromination of the 2 position on the phenyl ring followed by acid hydrolysis of the ester group at the 5 position on the indole ring.

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3,4-Dihydro-7-(4-chlorobutoxy)-2(1H)-Quinolinone is a crystalline organic base. It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of piperazine derivatives. 3,4-Dihydro-7-(4-chlorobutoxy)-2(1H)-Quinolinone can be used to acetylate phenols and amines. This compound also has been shown to be useful in the industrial production of carbostyril and other pharmaceuticals. 3,4-Dihydro-7-(4-chlorobutoxy)-2(1H)-Quinolinone is also a high yield coupling agent for the production of heterocyclic compounds such as 1,5,6,8-tetrahydropyrimidines and benzimidazoles.

(8S,10S,11S,13S,14S,17S)-9-Fluoro-11-hydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one (fluorometholone) is a corticosteroid that is used in the treatment of asthma and other respiratory diseases. Fluorometholone has been shown to have strong antiinflammatory activity and inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines. It also has mineralocorticoid activity and can be used to treat adrenal insufficiency. This drug has potent potencies structurally similar to glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.

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Applications Methyl-2-aminoquinoline-6-carboxylate is an organic building block of ester and amine category. References Li, L., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. (2018), WO 2018196823 A1 20181101

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Applications Tricyclohexylchlorotin is used as in the synthesis of organotin derivatives of 2-thiophene carboxylic acid as enzyme inhibitors and antibacterial agents. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Abbas, S. et al.: J. Organometal. Chem., 724, 255 (2003); Zia-ur-Rehman et al.: J. Coord. Chem., 65, 3238 (2012);