Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Applications 3-Nitroacenaphthene is an impurity of Acenaphthene (D448330), which is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as carcinogenic agent. References Liu, Y., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 57, 5203 (2014);

Applications Naphtho[2,3-e]pyrene is a polycyclic aomatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with carcinogenicity. Naphtho[2,3-e]pyrene is one of the C24H14 PAH that displayed mutagenicity in human cells expressing CYP1A1. References Yan, L.S.: Carcinogenesis6, 1 (1985); Durant, J.L. et al.: Mutat. Res. Gen. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen., 446, 1 (1999);

Applications 8-Hydroxybentazone, is a metabolite of Bentazon, a selective post-emergence herbicide. References Kim, J., et al.: ACS Symp. Series, 899, 92 (2005); Roper, J., et al.: Wat. Res., 29, 2720 (1995);

Applications trans-7,8-Dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene is a metabolite of Benzopyrene (B205800). Benzo[a]pyrene (B205800), a prototypic PAH, is metabolized by cytochrome P 450 1A1/1B1. (-)-trans-7,8-Dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (D452280) undergoes further P 4501A1/1B1-mediated metabolism to a carcinogen, which forms DNA-adducts primarily with 2'-deoxyguanosine. A carcinogen. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Gelhaus, S. et al: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 24, 89 (2011); Belvedere, G. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 29, 1693 (1980); Jennette, K. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 28, 338 (1979); Yagi, H. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 2358 (1977)

Applications Fluoren-3-ol-d9 is the labeled analogue of Fluoren-3-ol (F462460), a urinary monohydroxylated metabolite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) that is used for biomonitoring human exposure to PAH. References Li, Z., et. al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 25, 1452 (2012)

Applications 7-Aminobenzo[a]pyrene (cas# 72297-05-3) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications 1-ETHYLNAPHTHALENE (cas# 1127-76-0) is a useful research chemical.

Applications A metabolite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in humans. References Jacob, J., et al.: Xenobiotica, 12, 45 (1982), Becher, G., et al.: Cancer Lett., 17, 301 (1983), Hoffmann, D., et al.: Cancer Treat. Res., 72, 1 (1995), Einolf, H., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 10, 609 (1997),

Applications 6-Nitro-1-pyrenol and 8-Nitro-1-pyrenol are urinary hydroxylated metabolites used as a biomarkers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. References Toriba, A., et al.: J. Health. Sci., 53; 631 (2007); Chae, Y.H., et al.: Cancer Res., 59, 1473 (1999);

Applications Azulene is an isomer of napthalene visibly identifiable by its dark blue hue. As such it is used in the preparation of dyes. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Stirling, A. et al.: ChemPhysChem, 5, 1558 (2004); Zhang, X. et al.: J. Mat. Chem., 17, 642 (2007);

Applications Labelled analogue of Benzo[ghi]perylene, one of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s), an environmental pollutant with potential carcinogenic activity. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Alves, C. et al.: Atmos. Environ., 35, 5485 (2001); Jaward, F. et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2523 (2004); Lee, R. et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 1436 (2005); Augusto, S. et al.: Environ. Pollut., 158, 483 (2010);

Applications Benzo[a]fluoren-11-one is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that has potential carcinogenic properties. It is a common organic substance found in aerosols, atmospheric air and gasoline exhausts. References Bekki, K., et al.: J. Health Sci., 55, 601 (2009); Moeller, M., et al.: Mutat. Res. Gen. Toxicol. Test., 157, 149 (1985); Simoneit, B., et al.: Atmos. Env. A. Gen. Topic., 25A, 2111 (1991); Yu, M. & Hites, R.: Anal. Chem., 53, 951 (1981)

Applications Labelled Chrysene (C428000). Chrysene occurs in coal tar. Is formed during distillation of coal, in very small amount during distillation or pyrolysis of many fats and oils. Chrysene is one of the basic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) which is toxic environmental pollutant and consistently exposed to sunlight. However, little information is available on its photogenotoxicity.  The objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of Chrysene, under environmental intensity of UVB (0.6 mW/cm2) in human skin epidermal cell line (HaCaT). Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Anderson, D., et al.: Mutat. Res., 307, 261 (1994), Diamond, S., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 25, 3015 (2006), Fotakis, G., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 160, 171 (2006),

Applications 9-Acetylanthracene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with photo-induced toxicity. Biological studies have shown that 9-Acetylanthracene has plasmid curing activity. References Sinks, G.D., et al.: B. Environ. Contam. Tox., 59, 1 (1997); Molnar, J., Biochem. Pharmacol., 28, 261 (1979)

Applications 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene is a highly potent carcinogen that is activated by microsomal enzymes to a diol epoxide metabolite that binds covalently to DNA in mammalian cells, leading ultimately to tumor induction. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Huggins, C., et al.: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 58, 2253 (1967); Dipple, A., et al.: N. Cancer Res., 43, 4123 (1983)

Applications Benz[a]anthracene-7,12-dione is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that is present in the emission soot of biomass fuels combustion. Benz[a]anthracene-7,12-dione is an urban air contaminant and also a potential mutagen & carcinogen. References Durant, J., et al.: Mutat. Res., Gen. Toxicol., 371, 123 (1996); Salamone, M., et al.: Env. Int., 2, 37 (1979); Wu, W., et al.: J. Env. Sci. Health A., A37, 579 (2002)

Applications 6-Bromobenzo{a}pyrene is the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with significant contribution to inhalation cancer risk. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Wang, J., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 9745-9752 (2012)

Applications Labelled Coumarin (C755380). Pharmaceutic aid (flavor). Found in tonka beans, levender oil, woodruff, sweet clover. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Hazleton, L., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 118, 348 (1956), Lake, B., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 37, 423 (1999), Frerot, E., et al.: Flavour Fragrance J., 17, 218 (2002), Yang, Z., et al.: Food Chem., 114, 289 (2009),

Stability Air Sensitive Applications 2-AMINOANTHRACENE (cas# 613-13-8) is a useful research chemical.

Applications Dibenz[a,h]anthracene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and a known carcinogen. Dibenz[a,h]anthracene has produced positive results in bacterial DNA damage and mutagenicity assays and in mammalian cell DNA damage, mutagenicity and cell transformation assays. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Farmer, P.B. et al.: Mutat. Res. Re. Mutat. Res., 544, 397 (2003); Leadon, S. et al.: Carcinogenesis, 16, 3021 (1995); Andrews, A.W. et al.: Mutat. Res., 51, 311 (1978); Kaden, D.A. et al.: Cancer Res., 39, 4152 (1979);

Applications Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as carcinogenic agents. References Hansen, B., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 772 (1999), Czub, G., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2406 (2004),

Stability Light Sensitive Applications A heterocyclic aromatic compound with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. References Smith, C., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 38, 637 (2000), Koehler, D., et al.: J. Ind. Ecol., 9, 143 (2005), Bartos, T., et al.: Env. Toxicol., 21, 343 (2006), Shimada, T., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 21, 2313 (2008),

Applications 9-Chlorofluorene is a monochlorinated fluorene with therapeutic effects on fungal diseases of tomato. 9-Chlorofluorene is part of a class of halogenated pollutants observed in the urban atmosphere. References Buchenauer, H. et al.: Phytopathol. Zeitsch., 72, 145 (1971); Buchenauer, H. et al.: Nature, 227, 1267 (1970); Ma, J. et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 643 (2009);

Applications 2,7-Dibromophenanthrene is a halogenated phenanthrene (P294800), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and environmental pollutant. References Brown, W.G.,et al.: J. Am. Chem, Soc., 65, 1235 (1943); He, B.,et al.: J. Mat. Chem., 21, 14793 (2011);

Applications An active metabolite from inhalation and dermal exposure to polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons found in hot mix asphalt paving workers. DBC is the most potent tumorigen that has been identified to date. Dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DBC) is a carcinogen and should be handled with caution. References Anderson, L., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 199, 85 (2004), Yu, Z., et al.: Cancer Res., 66, 755 (2006), Shen, J., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 95, 313 (2007),

Applications 3,5-Dichloroacenaphthene is a chlorinated derivative of Acenaphthene (D448330); a polycyclic hydrocarbon that has potential to act as polyploidizing agents in plants. References Campbell, K., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 16, 1712 (1951); Reisen, F. & Arey J.: Env. Sci. Tech., 36, 4302 (2002)

Applications 4-Methylquinoline is used as a reagent in the synthesis of azetidine based ene-amides as potent bacterial enoyl ACP reductase inhibitors. Also used as a reagent in the synthesis of cyanine-styryl dyes with enhanced photostability for fluorescent DNA imaging. References Takhi, M., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 84, 382 (2014); Bohlaender, P.R., et al.: Org. Biomol. Chem., 11, 7458 (2013)

Applications 1-Acenaphthenol is a product of the microbial metabolism and photolysis of acenaphthene, of acenaphthene, a polycyclic hydrocarbon that has potential to act as polyploidizing agents in plants. 1-Acenaphthenol is also a known substrate of dihydrodiol dehydrogenases. References Reyes, C., et al.: J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, 112, 277 (1998); Šavlík, M., et al.: Res. Vet. Sci., 83, 20 (2007); Schocken, M. & Gibson, D.: Appl. Environ. Microb., 48, 10 (1984);

Applications Benzo[a]pyrene-6,12-quinone is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and metabolite of Benzopyrene (B205800) that can have toxic effects on fish bone metabolism. In utero exposure to Benzo[a]pyrene-6,12-quinone can also predispose offspring to cardiovascular dysfunction in later life. References Hayakawa, K., et al.: WIT Trans. Ecol. Envir., 135, 231 (2010); Jules, G.E., et al.: Toxicology, 295, 56 (2012)

Applications Clenpenterol was detected as a β-agonist residue in foodstuffs sourced from animal meats. References Shelver, W., et al.: J. Immunoassay, 21, 1 (2000), Smith, D., et al.: J. Anim. Sci., 80, 1240 (2002), Shelver, W., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 3715 (2003),

Applications 1,5,6-Trichloroacenaphthene is a chlorinated derivative of acenaphthene, a polycyclic hydrocarbon that has potential to act as polyploidizing agents in plants. References Campbell, K., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 16, 1712 (1951); Reisen, F. & Arey J.: Env. Sci. Tech., 36, 4302 (2002)

Applications 2-Bromofluorene is used as a reagent for the preparation of dibromofluorene-labelled polystyrene by nitroxide-mediated polymerization. It is also being used in the agricultural sector as a fungicide for tomato disease control. It’s carcinogenic effects on humans are currently being investigated. References Buchenauer, H. & Grossmann, F.: Nature, 227, 1267 (1970); Butcher, W. & Tillman, E.: Macromol. Chem. Physic., 212, 2224 (2011); Wang, J., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 9745 (2012);

Applications Naphthacene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Naphthacene is often used as a molecular organic semiconductor in organic field-effect transistors and organic light-emitting diodes. Naphthacene is also used in various applications involving the enhancement of photocurrent. References Cnops, K., et al.: Applied. Phy. Letters., 101, 143301 (2012); Ooi, Z.E., Applied. Phy. Letters., 100, 93302 (2012);

Applications A reagent used to synthesize various dyes used in the textile industry. This is the labeled analog. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Rosenkranz, H.S. et al.: Mutagen., 5, 137 (1990);

Applications 1-Acenaphthenone is a product of the photolysis (and microbial metabolism) of acenaphthene, a polycyclic hydrocarbon that has potential to act as polyploidizing agents in plants. References Kostoff, D.: Nature, 142, 753 (1938); Reyes, C., et al.: J. Photochem. Photobio. A, 112, 277 (1998); Schocken, M. & Gibson, D.: Appl. Environ. Microb., 48, 10 (1984)

Applications 5,​6-​Chrysenedione is a useful reactant for organic reactions. It is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon quinones, and studied as possible carcinogens. References Boyle, K.M., et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 140, 5612-24 (2018); Shultz, C.A., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 24, 2153-66 (2011);

Applications 5-Chloroacenaphthene is a chlorinated derivative of acenaphthene, a polycyclic hydrocarbon that has potential to act as polyploidizing agents in plants. References Campbell, K., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 16, 1712 (1951); Reisen, F. & Arey J.: Env. Sci. Tech., 36, 4302 (2002)

Applications 1-Methoxynaphthalene is one of the numerous volatile components found in tobacco smoke, and has been found to induce damage on plasma membrane tissues of cultured human lung fibroblasts. References Thelestam, M., et al.: Toxiology, 15, 203 (1980)

Applications 3,​5,​6,​8-​Tetrabromo-​1,​2-​dihydro-acenaphthylene is a byproduct during the synthesis of 3,​5,​6-​Tribromo-​1,​2-​dihydroacenaphthylene (T771875), a derived from Acenaphthene (1,2-Dihydro Acenaphthylene) (D448330), which is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as carcinogenic agents. References Hansen, B., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 772 (1999); Czub, G., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2406 (2004)