Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Applications 3,​5,​6-​Tribromo-​1,​2-​dihydroacenaphthylene is derived from Acenaphthene (1,2-Dihydro Acenaphthylene) (D448330), which is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as carcinogenic agents. References Hansen, B., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 772 (1999), Czub, G., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2406 (2004)

Applications 3-Acenaphthenamine is an impurity of Acenaphthene (D448330), which is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as carcinogenic agent. References Hansen, B., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 772 (1999); Czub, G., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2406 (2004)

Applications Fluoranthene is a commonly occurring environmental pollutant and can be classified as either a tumour initiator or a cocarcinogen in humans. Fluoranthene is widely used as an intermediate to synthesize fluorescent dyes. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Hecht, S., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 16, 1433 (1995); Storer, J., et al.: Arch. Dermatol., 120, 874 (1984); Ma, X., et al.: Dyes Pigments, 82, 353 (2009)

Applications 1-Nitropyrene-d9 is a labelled isotope of 1-Nitropyrene (N519950), which is the most abundant nitropolycylcic aromatic hydrocarbon found in exhaust from diesel engines with potent carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. It is also an intermediate in synthesizing 1-Aminopyrene-d9 (A629287), which is derived from Pyrene-d10 (P849002), which is labelled Pyrene. Occurs in coal tar. Also obtained by the destructive hydrogenation of hard coal. References Arce, R., et al.: J. Phys. Chem. A., 112, 10294 (2008); Winterstein, et al.: Z. Physiol. Chem., 230, 162 (1934);

Applications 1,5-Dihydroxynaphthalene has been incorportated into degradable lysine diisocyanate methylester-glycerol polyurethane foam and showed the presence of functional 1-naphthol group-dependent drug release in aqueous solution. References Sivak, W.N., et. al.: Bio-Med. Mater. Eng., 20, 269 (2010)

Applications 1-Methylnapththalene is a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that can be measured using 1-hydroxypyrene in urine as a biomarker. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs) Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Moen, B.E., et. al.: Occup. Environ. Med., 53, 692 (1996)

Applications Naphthalene is an abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that is persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic and found in tobacco smoke and urban air. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Sutherland, K.M., et. al.: Am. J. Physiol., 302, L68 (2012); Bahuguna, A., et. al.: J. Pharm. Res., 5, 1600 (2012);

Applications Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as micropollutants. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Di Toro, D., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 1971 (2000), Vines, C., et al.: Aquat. Toxicol., 51, 225 (2000), Incardona, J., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 196, 191 (2004), Junghans, M., et al.: Aquat. Toxicol., 76, 93 (2006),

Applications It is listed as a known human carcinogen. Used in manufacturing of dyes, as antioxidant in rubber. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References IARC Monographs, 4, 97 (1974),

Applications 2,4-Dichlorophenol-d3 (cas# 93951-74-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package

Stability Light Sensitive Applications Acepyrene is a novel constituent discovered that belongs to the pyrene class of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Acepyrene occurs in a large variety of carbon black soots, in cigarette smoke and is the major representative of PAH in car engine exhaust gases. References Murray, R.W., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 8, 239 (1995); Mari, M., et al.: Sci. Total. Enviro., 408, 2387 (2010); Todorov, P.D., et al.: Chem. Phys. Lett., 454, 30 (2008);

Applications Labelled Benz[j]aceanthrylene (B197910). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their PAH-DNA adducts in lung tissues, and their ability to mutate the Ki-ras oncogene in PAH-induced tumors. Seven PAHs were studied: cyclopenta[cd]pyrene (CPP), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[b]F), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA), 5-methylchrysene (5MC), benz[j]aceanthrylene (B[j]A), and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P). References Nesnow, S., et al.: Cancer Lett., 73, 73 (1993), Herzog, C., et al.: Cancer Res., 54, 4007 (1994), Prahalad, A., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 18, 1955 (1997),

Applications 1,7-Dimethyl-phenanthrene is an environmental pollutant. References Benner, B., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 2382 (1995);

Applications 2-​Methylnaphthalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that has been used as an indicator of smoke exposure in food and packaging materials. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs) Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Johnston, J.J., et. al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 42, 1954 (1994)

Stability Light Sensitive Applications 7H-Benzo[c]fluorene is a polycyclic aomatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with mutagenic activity. 7H-Benzo[c]fluorene is a major DNA adduct-forming component of coal tar. Recent studies suggest that 7H-Benzo[c]fluorene may be capable of inducing lung tumors. References Lavoie, E.L. et al.: Mutat. Res. Lett., 91, 167 (1981); Koganti, A. et al.: Carcinogenesis, 21, 1601 (2000); Weyand, E.H. et al.: Polycyc. Arom. Comp., 24, 1 (2004);

Stability Hygroscopic Applications 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-hydrobromide-(1S)-6,7-isoquinolinediol has been used in the preparation of (-)-Higenamine (H325800) References Ho, C.L., Ko, J.L., Chen, C.M.: J. Chinese Biochem. Soc., 14, 94 (1985)

Applications Occurs in coal tar. Is formed during distillation of coal, in very small amount during distillation or pyrolysis of many fats and oils. Chrysene is one of the basic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) which is toxic environmental pollutant and consistently exposed to sunlight. However, little information is available on its photogenotoxicity.  The objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of Chrysene, under environmental intensity of UVB (0.6 mW/cm2) in human skin epidermal cell line (HaCaT). Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Anderson, D., et al.: Mutat. Res., 307, 261 (1994), Diamond, S., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 25, 3015 (2006), Fotakis, G., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 160, 171 (2006),

Applications 2-Nitrodibenzothiophene is a nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). 2-Nitrodibenzothiophene is removed from coal by hydrogenation in Tetralin. References Watanabe, T. et al.: Mut. Res. Gen. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen., 388, 67 (1997); Gundermann, K.D.: U. S. Environ. Prot. Agency, Off. Res. Dev., 133 (1976);

Applications A metabolite of Phenanthrene (P294800(P)), which is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; an environmental pollutant. References Boyland, E., et al.: Biochem. J., 84, 564 (1962); Hamada, S., et al.: Mutat. Res., 495, 127 (2001); Shimada, T., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 29, 1176 (2001); Moennikes, O., et al.: Cancer Res., 64, 4707 (2004); Albig, A., et al.: Mol. Biol. Cell., 16, 609 (2005); Di Toro, D. et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 1971 (2000); Vines, C. et al.: Aquat. Toxicol., 51, 225 (2000); Incardona, J. et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 196, 191 (2004); Junghans, M., et al.: Aquat. Toxicol., 76, 93 (2006);

Applications 6-Ethylchrysene is a persistent organic pollutant (POP). It is a derivative of chrysene (C428000) which is considered as a carcinogen. References Bratberg, M., et al.: Chemosphere, 90, 2157 (2013); Hecht, S., et al.: J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 53, 1121 (1974)

Stability Light Sensitive Applications A PAH metabolite having a toxic effect on fish bone metabolite. Also, it is used as a marker of the carcinogenic potency of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) mixture. A genotoxic agent. References Ebright, R., et al.: Cancer Res., 46, 2349 (1986), Morito, K., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 24, 351 (2001), Billiard, S., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 92, 526 (2006),

Applications 9-Fluorenone is a polycyclic aromatic ketone that has photosensitizing properties and also has the ability to undergo electrochemical polymerization. 9-Fluorenone is used in industry as an initiator in visible-light cured resin systems. 9-Fluorenone has potentially toxic effects on humans, as exposure can cause DNA mutations. References Cihaner, A., et al.: J. Elec. Chem., 568, 151 (2004); Li, Y., et al.: J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B-A, 84, 58 (2008); Okamoto, H., et al.: Org. Lett., 13, 2758 (2011)

Applications Benzopyrene is a polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) found in coal tar. Benzopyrene is a known carcinogen. The metabolism of Benzopyrene results in diol epoxides that react and bind to DNA forming adducts which in turns leads to mutations and eventually cancer.This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs) Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Arif, J. et al.: DNA Adducts, 127 (2010); Nair, S. et al.: Cancer Prev. Res., 2, 895 (2009); Staal, Y. et al.: Carcinogenesis, 27, 646 (2006); Mensing, T. et al.: Int. Hyg. Env. Health, 208, 197 (2005);

Applications A potent local anesthetic that is active even in acidic conditions. It is used (usually in combination with an antacid) for the relief of pain associated with peptic ulcer disease or esophagitis. References Detrain, M. et al.: Acta. Gastro-Enterol. Belg., 28, 360 (1965); Barbezat, G.O. et al.: Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 13, 321 (1978); Masuda, Y. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 64, 677 (2002);

Applications 5,6-Dichloroacenaphthene is a chlorinated derivative of acenaphthene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that has potential to act as polyploidizing agents in plants. 5,6-Dichloroacenaphthene is also used as a reagent to synthesize Corannulene, a bowl-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. References Campbell, K., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 16, 1712 (1951); Lafleur, A., et al.: H. Phys. Chem., 97, 13539 (1993); Reisen, F. & Arey J.: Env. Sci. Tech., 36, 4302 (2002); Seiders, T., et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 121, 7804 (1999)

Applications 2-Fluoronapthelene is a naphthalene which shows inhibition towards cytochrom P450 2A6 and 2A5. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Roy, K. et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 44, 1941 (2009); Korhonen, L. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 3808 (2005);

Applications Triphenylene (D12, 98%) (cas# 17777-56-9) is a useful research chemical.

Applications 1-Methylphenanthrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that has been found in particulate matter from small-scale biomass combustion from old and modern technologies and that has caused acute systemic and lung inflammation in mice after intratracheal aspiration. References Uski, O.J., et. al.: Inhal. Toxicol., 24, 952 (2012)