Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Applications The metabolite in soil and sugar beets of Chloridazon. References Smith, D.T., et al.: Weed Sci., 18, 260 (1970),

Applications Dibenzo[e,l]pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). It is an isomer of Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (D416945) which is confirmed to be highly carcinogenic. Dibenzo[e,l]pyrene is also used as a standard in determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s). References Wei, S., et al.: J. Environ. Monitor., 13, 2568 (2011); Anderson, L., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 199, 85 (2004), Yu, Z., et al.: Cancer Res., 66, 755 (2006), Shen, J., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 95, 313 (2007); Schubert, P., et al.: Analyt. Chem.m 75, 234 (2003)

Applications Labelled analogue of Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with potent carcinogenic activity. Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene was shown to induce DNA adduction, tumorigenicity as well as Ki-ras oncogene mutations in strain A/J mouse lung. Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene has been shown to be present in cigarette smoke condensate and in automobile exhaust gas in small quantities. References Prahalad, A.K. et al.: Carcinogenesis, 18, 1955 (1997); Wynder, E.L. et al.: Nature, 192, 1092 (1961); Homburger, F. et al.: J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 44, 357 (1970);

Applications Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as carcinogenic agents. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Hansen, B., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 772 (1999), Czub, G., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2406 (2004),

Applications 2,7-Naphthalenediol is a reagent used in the preparation of monomers of high carbon materials. Also used in the synthesis of splitomicin analogues. References Neenan, T. et al.: J. Org. Chem., 53, 2489 (1988); Posakony, J. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 47, 2635 (2004);

Applications 3-Nitro-1-pyrenol is an nitroarene which may contribute to genotoxicity associated with air pollution. References Kameda, T., et al.: J. Health. Sci., 57, 372 (2011); Van, B., et al.: Chem. Biol. interact., 117, 15 (1999);

Applications 4-Bromopyrene is an intermediate in the synthesis of Acepyrene (A130950), a novel constituent discovered that belongs to the pyrene class of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. References Pratap, R., et al.: J. Heterocycles. Chem., 18, 973 (1981);

Applications 9-Methylbenzo[g]chrysene is an metabolite of Dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (D416945), an well known polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons found in hot mix asphalt paving workers and the most potent tumorigen that has been identified to date. References Xu, D.W., et al.: Org. Lett., 10, 1059 (2008);

Applications 1,7-Dimethylfluorene is a product of the selenium dehydrogenation of gibberic acid. 1,7-Dimethylfluorene is also one of the many polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) that are found within lake sediments, negatively impacting zoo plankton changes in the water, as well as the ecosystems that reside there. References Dimond, A.: Prog. Ch. Org. Nat. Prod., 17, 298 (1959); Kurek, J., et al.: P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 1761 (2013); Mulholland, T. & Ward, G.: J. Chem. Soc., No vol. no. given, 4676 (1954);

Applications 1,4-Dihydroxynaphthalene is frequently used in organic synthesis as a reagent. In particular, it is used in the synthesis of a pH independent and cell permeant fluorescent dye, a hydroxyl regioisomeric 3',4'-benzorhodol, which can be used as a fluorescent chemosensor and biomarker for biological applications. References Jiao, X., et al.: Org. Biomol. Chem., 13, 6647 (2015);

Impurity Carbamazepine EP Impurity D Applications A metabolite of Carbamazepine (CBZ) (C175840). Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Lertratanangkoon, K., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 10, 1 (1982), Deleu, D., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 57, 243 (2001),

Applications 9-Phenanthrol-D8 is a labelled analogue of 9-Phenanthrol (P295020), a metabolite of phenanthrene (P294800).

Applications Benzo[j]fluoranthene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that has tumour initiating activity and can be found in soot, oil, water and soil extracts as a common pollutant. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References LaVole, E., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 3, 49 (1982); Nadal, M., et al.: Environ. Pollut., 132, 1 (2004); White, P. & Rasmussen, J.: Mutat. Res., 410, 223 (1998); Wornat, M., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 1943 (2001)