Toxicology

Applications Phthalylsulfathiazole (cas# 85-73-4) is a useful research chemical.

Applications Labelled Dicloxacillin (D436650). A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to Penicillin. Antibacterial. References Chalikian, T., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 260, 588 (1996), Kharakoz, D., et al.: Biochemistry, 36, 10276 (1997), Taboada, P., et al.: Langmuir, 16, 3175 (2000),

Applications I-Sydnocarb can be used in biological study for affinity of enantiomers of transportable and nontransportable phenylethylamines to binding sites of membrane transporters using molecular models in preferred conformations. It can also be obtained from (R)-Amphetamine Hydrochloride (A634240) which is CNS stimulant; anorexic. References Al’tshuler, R., A., Pharm. Chem., 39, 169-175 (2005); Warren, M.R., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 85, 119 (1945), Behrendt, W.A, et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 13, 711 (1963), Seiden, L.S., Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 32, 639 (1993)

Applications Sofosbuvir (R)-Phosphate is an impurity of PSI-7977 (P839640), a prodrug that is metabolized to the active antiviral agent 2'-deoxy-2'-α-fluoro-β-C-methyluridine-5'-monophosphate and is currently being investigated in phase 3 clinical trials for the treatment of hepatitis C. Studies have profiled PSI-7977 as a nucleotide inhibitor of hepatitis C virus, exerting selective inhibitory effects towards HCV NS5B polymerase. References Lam, A.M.,et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemotherapy., 56, 3359 (2012); Lam, A.M., et al.: J. Virol., 85, 12334 (2011); Sofia, M.J., et al.: J. Medn. Chem., 53, 7202 (2010)

Applications Ampicillin trihydrate is a penicillin derivative that inhibits bacterial cell-wall synthesis.

Applications Efavirenz 1-Desamine-1-oxy is an analog of Efavirenz (E425000), a nonnucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Antiviral. References Young, S.D., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 39, 2602 (1995)

Impurity Ciclopirox EP Impurity C Applications N-Deshydroxy Ciclopirox (Ciclopirox EP Impurity C) Ciclopirox (C432800) impurity.

Applications Nitroethane-2,2,2-d3 (CAS# 1219802-04-6) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications Isotope labelled ethyl alcohol, used in alcoholic beverages in suitable dilutions. Other uses are as solvent in laboratory and industry , in the manufacture of denatured alcohol, pharmaceuticals, in perfumery, in organic synthesis. Used as antiseptic. References Wiberg, G.S., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 16, 718 (1970), Brown, N.A., et al.: Science, 206, 573 (1979),

Applications 5-Nitro-2-furaldehyde is an intermediate in the synthesis of Nifurtimox (N458800), an antiprotozoal. Showing anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Sastry, C.S.P., et. al.: Talanta, 41, 1957 (1994)

Applications Hydroxy Velpatasvir is an impurity of antivaral drug Velpatasvir (V116000), which is a HCV NS5A inhibitor used to treat Hepatitis C. References Feld, J. J., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med. 373, 2599 (2015); Gane, E. J., et al.: Gastroenterol., 151, 448 (2016);

Applications b-Phenylethyl Furoate (cas# 7149-32-8) is a useful research chemical.

Stability Hygroscopic Applications An active metabolite of Glimepiride (G410150). References Groop, L., et al.: Diabetes Care, 15, 737 (1992), Muller, G., et al.: Diabetes, 42, 1852 (1993), Kramer, W., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 119, 278 (1994),

Applications A labelled fluorinated quinolone antibacterial. References Hoffken, G., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 27, 375 (1985), Scully, B.E., et al.: Lancet, 1, 819 (1986)

Applications Tri-Salicylic Acid is a product of the thermal decomposition of aspirin. References Reepmeyer, J.C.: J. Pharm. Sci., 72, 322 (1983)

Applications 1-​[(4R,​5R)​-​4,​5-​Dihydroxy-​L-​ornithine]​-Echinocandin B Hydrochloride is used in the commercialization and late-stage development of a semisynthetic antifungal anidulafungin/D-fructose. References Norris, T., et al.: Org. Process Res. Dev., 12, 447 (208)

Applications Labelled Glipizide (G410225). A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent. Used as an antidiabetic. References Ambrogi, et al.: Arzneimittel-Forsch., 21, 200 (1971), Fuccella, et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 13, 68 (1973), Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 329 (1979), Lebovitz, H.E., et al.: Pharmacother., 5, 63 (1985)

Impurity Entecavir EP Impurity C Applications 8-Hydroxy Entecavir is an impurity of Entecavir (E558900), an oral antiviral drug used in the treatment of hepatitis B infection.

Applications A metabolite of Vitamin A. References Jez, J., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 54, 639 (1997), Penning, T., et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 11, 1687 (2005), Gallego, O., et al.: Biochem. J., 399, 101 (2006),

Applications 3-O-(E)-Feruloylquinic Acid is a phenolic acid with potential antioxidant and antifungal activities. Secondary metabolite in the coffee brewing process. References Dzamic, A. et al.: Ind. Crop. Prod., 51, 407 (2013); Stalmach, A. et al.: Food. Func., 5, 1727 (2014); Matei, M. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 60, 12105 (2012); Dokli, I. et al.: Tetrahedron Asymm., 24, 785 (2013);

Stability Very Hygroscopic Applications Seven arsenic species have been quantified in a new NIST frozen human urine Std. Ref. Material (SRM) 2669. The species measured were: arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), monomethylarsonate (MMA), dimethylarsinate (DMA), arsenobetaine (AB), arsenocholine (AC), and trimethylarsine oxide (TMAO). Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Bruce, S., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 137, 23 (2003), Csanaky, I., et al.: Toxicology, 183, 77 (2003), Verdon, C., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 393, 939 (2009),

Applications Epitizide is a diuretic agent. References Pilsbury, V., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 18, 713 (1966), Tisdall, P., et al.: Clin. Chem., 26, 702 (1980),

Applications Lopinavir O-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of Lopinavir (L469480); a selective HIV protease inhibitor and antiviral. It is a COVID19-related research product. References Sham, H.L., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 3218 (1998); Kumar, G.N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 86 (1999); Murphy, R.L., et al.: Antiviral Ther., 4, Suppl. 3, 85 (1999)

Applications Sinigrine, is a glucosinolate which is found naturally in Cruciferae including the genus Brassica. When enzymatically hydrolysed, Sinigrine yields isothiocyanates and give a pungent taste. Both Sinigrine, and isothiocyanates, have been shown to have anticancer activity as well as antifungal and antibacterial properties. References Cools, K., et al.: J. Chromatograohy B., 901, 115 (2012); Okullcz, M., et al.: Materiae Veg., 65 (3), 217 2010;

Applications Sodium Thiosulfate is used primarily as a medicament against cyanide poisoning, able to convert cyanide into thiocyanate, a reaction which is catalyzed by the enzyme Rhodanese. Antioxidant. References Emuebie, O. et al: Aus. J. Basic App. Sci., 5, 507 (2011); Cambal, L. et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 24, 1104 (2011); Lam, X. et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 86, 1250 (1997);

Applications 4’-epi-Entecavir-di-o-benzyl ether is an impurity of Entecavir (E558900) which is an oral antiviral drug used in the treatment of hepatitis B infection. References Honkoop, P., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 12, 683 (2003), Chang, T.-T., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 354, 1001 (2006),