Antibiotics

Netilmicin sulfate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and is used for treating severe bacterial infections.

(E)-10,11-Didehydro-11-deoxy-6-O-methylerythromycin is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic, which is derived from erythromycin, a natural product obtained from the bacterium *Saccharopolyspora erythraea*. This compound functions as an inhibitor of protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of bacteria, thus preventing the growth and proliferation of susceptible bacterial strains. The alteration in its chemical structure, notably the methylation at the 6-O position, enhances its stability and improves its pharmacokinetic profile compared to the parent compound, erythromycin. The primary use of (E)-10,11-Didehydro-11-deoxy-6-O-methylerythromycin is in the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections and some Gram-negative bacterial infections, providing an effective therapeutic option for conditions such as respiratory tract infections, skin infections, and certain sexually transmitted infections. Its role in clinical settings is significant due to its broad-spectrum activity and its ability to be used as an alternative for patients who are allergic to penicillin-based antibiotics.

Amphotericin B is a macrocycle antibiotic first isolated from Streptomyces nodosus. Its antifungal activity is exerted by interacting with the fungal membrane, mainly ergosterol, and inducing pore formation. The increase in membrane permeability causes loss of ions and cell death. The C-2’ hydroxyl residue of the mycosamine carbohydrate moiety in the structure seems to have a major role in binding to ergosterol. It is used in cell culture to prevent growth of microbial contaminants, such as yeast and fungi. It is recommended by the WHO and CDC as an antifungal component for VTM at a concentration of 250ug/ml.

β-lactam antibiotic of penicillin subclass, which inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by targeting the proteoglycan synthesis. Cloxacillin has a narrow spectrum of action and is effective against Gram-positive organisms. Cloxacillin is resistant to the action of β-lactamase and therefore preferentially used for treatment of Staphylococcal infections.

Broad spectrum, long-acting and lipid soluble tetracycline antibody

Linezolid (PNU-100766), the first of the oxazolidinone class, is a synthetic antibiotic used for the therapy of infections resulted from multi-resistant

26-Oxofusidic acid is a derivative of fusidic acid, which is a potent antibacterial compound originally isolated from the fungus Fusidium coccineum. This compound exhibits a unique mode of action by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis through interference with the elongation factor G (EF-G), a critical component in the translocation step of translation. By targeting this specific aspect of bacterial metabolism, 26-Oxofusidic acid effectively disrupts the growth of gram-positive bacteria, making it an invaluable tool in combating resistant bacterial strains. In terms of its applications, 26-Oxofusidic acid is primarily utilized in clinical settings to treat infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA). Its efficacy extends to other gram-positive pathogens, providing an alternative when common antibiotics fail due to resistance issues. The compound's distinctive mechanism also presents opportunities for its use in research settings, particularly in studies aimed at understanding bacterial resistance mechanisms and developing novel antibacterial strategies. Overall, 26-Oxofusidic acid stands as a critical asset in both therapeutic and experimental microbiology contexts.

Erythromycin, is used as a macrolide antibiotic protein synthesis inhibitor. It is widely used in cell culture applications. Depending upon the strain of bacteria, erythromycin has been used between 50 and 200 mg/L to control bacterial growth. Erythromycin resistance can be induced in bacteria. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

Clotrimazole is an imidazole derivative and an antifungal compound and a CYP (cytochrome P450) inhibitor. Clotrimazole has been shown to block the intermediate-conductance, IK1 channels (Ca2+ activated K+ channels), in cells such as erythrocytes. In vitro studies of various yeast strains have demonstrated susceptibility to clotrimazole. Clotrimazole is an activator of MB67 and an inhibitor of CYP3A4 and CYP51A1. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

Levofloxacin Hemihydrate is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with a mode of action that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. It is used for treating bacterial infections, similar to its anhydrous form.

Mevastatin (ML236B) is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor that was initially isolated from the mold Pythium ultimum.

Naftifine HCl: synthetic antifungal; inhibits squalene epoxidase, disrupting fungal cell sterol synthesis.

Sulfachloropyridazine (Sulfachlorpyridazine) is a sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Acros Organics product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Acros Organics product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

Applications (S)-(-)-Ofloxacin-d3 (N-methyl-d3) (CAS# 2208780-63-4) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Cephalexin (Cephacillin) is a cephalosporin antibiotic.

Antibiotics nesoi

Topoisomerase II inhibitorNovobiocin sodium salt is effective an antistaphylococcal agent used in the treatment of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It is also used to inhibit the activity of retroviral RNA-dependent DNA polymerase as well as inhibitor of bacterial DNA gyrase and eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

Anthracycline antibiotic with potent anti-tumoral activity. The compound interferes with DNA replication and RNA transcription since it intercalates between the base pairs of nucleic acids. It also inhibits the topoisomerase II, proteasome and generates free radicals, which leads to cell death of treated cells. Moreover, daunorubicin triggers apoptosis trough the stimulation of ceramide synthesis. It has been used as chemotherapy agent for the treatment of myeloid leukaemia (AML) and acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL).

Applications N-Demethylclindamycin is an impurity of Clindamycin (C580000, HCl salt) which is a semi-synthetic antibiotic prepared from Lincomycin. References Birkenmeyer, R.D., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 13, 616 (1970), Oesterling, et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 59, 63 (1970), Gray, J.E., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 21, 516 (1972), Brown, L.W., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 10, 75 (1981),

Applications Amikacin (A578500) impurity, is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic. References Jung, F., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 34, 1110 (1991}, Choi, K., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 39, 509 (1997), Galimand, M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 47, 2565 (2003),

Applications N-Carbamoyl Oxcarbazepine is an impurity of Oxcarbazepine (O869250), a metabolite of Eslicarbazepine acetate, (BIA 2-093), a novel central nervous system drug. A keto derivative of Carbamazepine. Used as an anticonvulsant. References Dam., M., et al.: Epilepsy Res., 3, 70 (1989), Beydoun, A., et al.: Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 3, 59 (2001),

Salinomycin sodium salt (Sodium salinomycin), an antibiotic potassium ionophore, is an effective inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Broad-spectrum antibiotic; bacterial cell wall biogenesis inhibitor

4x25kg

Ivermectin (MK-933) is a glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCls) activator, with antiparasitic activity.

A semi-synthetic beta-lactamase inhibitor

Sulfamonomethoxine is a long-acting sulfonamide antibacterial agent, blocks the synthesis of folic acid by inhibiting synthetase of dihydropteroate.

Applications Carbapenem is an antibiotic and antibacterial. References Sunagawa, M., et al.: J. Antibiot., 43, 519 (1990), Hurst, M., et al.: Drugs, 59, 653 (2000),

Sulfacetamide treats blepharitis, conjunctivitis, mild hidradenitis suppurativa, and acne by inhibiting bacterial folic acid.

Sulfamethizole (Sulfamethizol) is a sulfathiazole antibacterial reagent.

Ethambutol is an antimicrobial compound, specifically an antitubercular agent, which is a synthetic derivative of ethylenediamine. It is classified as a bacteriostatic agent that primarily targets Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The mode of action of Ethambutol involves the inhibition of arabinosyl transferases, enzymes essential for the polymerization of arabinogalactan, a critical component of the mycobacterial cell wall. By disrupting cell wall biosynthesis, Ethambutol effectively hampers the growth and proliferation of the bacteria. The primary application of Ethambutol is in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), often used in combination with other antitubercular drugs to prevent the emergence of drug resistance. This agent has proven efficacy in both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB infections. Its use is critical in multi-drug therapy regimens, optimizing treatment outcomes and reducing the prevalence of resistant TB strains. Ethambutol’s role in the antituberculosis pharmacopoeia extends its utility to atypical mycobacterial infections as well, marking it a significant tool in the clinical management of mycobacterial diseases.

A protein synthesis inhibitor. Causes apoptosis of PC12 Cells This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

Applications Reagent used in the preparation of Cephalosporin antibiotics. References Choi, K., et al.: J. Antibiotics, 50, 279 (1997), Bharathi, C., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 43, 733 (2007),

MsbA-IN-6: potent antibiotic, hinders MsbA in gram-negative bacteria, kills E. coli, effective on drug-resistant strains.

Antibiotic of penicillin class; inhibits bacterial cell wall biogenesis

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

Sulopenem is a thiopenem antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

Nitrocycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, which is a synthetic derivative of tetracycline with enhanced antibacterial properties. As a chemically synthesized compound, nitrocycline has been engineered to overcome resistance mechanisms common in bacterial pathogens. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of protein synthesis, achieved by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, effectively preventing the addition of new amino acids to nascent peptide chains. This binding action interrupts bacterial growth and replication, providing robust activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Nitrocycline is primarily utilized in clinical settings to combat resistant bacterial infections that are unresponsive to traditional antibiotics. Its applications extend to severe infections such as those caused by multi-drug resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci. Additionally, it has been found effective in treating respiratory, urinary tract, and skin infections. The synthetic nature of nitrocycline allows for modifications to its structure, enabling the enhancement of its pharmacokinetic properties and spectrum of activity. This positions nitrocycline as a promising candidate in the ongoing effort to address the escalating challenge of antibiotic resistance globally.