Antibiotics

Validamycin A is an antibiotic and fungicide with action as a trehalase inhibitor, disrupting carbohydrate metabolism in fungi and is used for controlling fungal diseases like sheath blight in rice and damping-off in cucumbers.

Bacitracin (Ziba-RX), a mixture of related cyclic polypeptides, disrupts bacteria by interfering with cell wall and peptidoglycan synthesis.

Selenium sulfide has antimicrobial activity and is commonly used to control dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis and psoriasis.

Tylvalosin tartrate (Acetylisovaleryltylosin Tartrate) is a macrolide antibiotic that can against Gram-positive bacteria.

Inhibitor of bacterial cell wall biogenesis; penicillin class

Fluconazole (UK-49858) is a triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS.

Gatifloxacin (CG5501), a fourth-gen fluoroquinolone antibiotic, blocks bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.

Cilastatin ammonium salt is an antibiotic that is particularly effective against Gram-positive cocci, with a half-life of 3-4 hours.

Pirazinecarboxamide (Pyrazinamide) is an antitubercular agent with action on Mycobacterium tuberculosis by disrupting membrane energetics and is used for treating tuberculosis in combination with other drugs.

Marbofloxacin is an antibiotic belonging to the class of fluoroquinolones. It is used in veterinary medicine to treat bacterial infections in animals. This drug inhibits the bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. As a result, this drug prevents bacterial DNA replication. Marbofloxacin is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Binds cyclophilin D and inhibits calcineurin; immunosuppressant

Stability Hygroscopic Applications Mitomycin C is an antitumor antibiotic. It is antineoplastic. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Kinoshita, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 14, 13 (1971), Beijnen, J.H., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 16, 361 (1986),

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) is a Topoisomerase II (Top2) inhibitor with antineoplastic activity.

Stability Hygroscopic Applications Clindamycin Pyrophosphate is an impurity of Clindamycin (C580000, HCl salt) which is a semi-synthetic antibiotic prepared from Lincomycin. References Birkenmeyer, R.D., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 13, 616 (1970), Oesterling, et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 59, 63 (1970), Gray, J.E., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 21, 516 (1972), Brown, L.W., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 10, 75 (1981),

Fenbendazole (Fenbendazol) is an antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.

Ionomycin calcium (SQ23377 calcium) is an effective and selective calcium ionophore, exhibiting high specificity for calcium ions. Cost-effective and quality-assured.

Ceftezole sodium (Falomesin) is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic active gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria except for Proteus vulgaris,

Inhibitor of DNA replication; inhibitor of theophylline and caffeine metabolism

Cefazaflur is a novel semi-synthetic cephalosporin derivative that can be used as an Antibiotic agent.

5-Azacytidine (Ladakamycin) is a cytidine nucleoside analog, a DNA methylation inhibitor with specificity.

Applications 7-Amino-3-(1-methyl-5-tetrazolylthio)methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic Acid is a cephalosporin derivative with antibacterial activity. 7-Amino-3-(1-methyl-5-tetrazolylthio)methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic Acid is an intermediate in the preparation of Cefmetazole (C242850) and other semi-synthetic antibiotics. References Boyd, D.B. et al.: J. Antibiot., 32, 855 (1979): Iwata, M. et al.: Jap. J. Exp. Med., 48, 401 (1978); Liu, M. et al.: Huax. Shiji, 31, 146 (2009);

Bacitracin Zinc is a dephosphorylated disruptor of C55-isoprene pyrophosphate that inhibits Tyr cleavage in Met-enkephalin with an IC50 of 10 μM.

Cephalosporin antibiotic; interferes with cell wall biosynthesis

Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic with action on anaerobic bacteria and protozoa by disrupting DNA synthesis and is used for treating infections like bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, and certain parasitic infections.

It also exhibits antitumor activity in studies on brain tumor cells. Puromycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor that causes premature chain termination by acting as an analog of the 3¢-terminal end of aminoacyl-tRNA. It has been used to study transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that control the sequential and coordinate expression of genes during cell differentiation.This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

Applications Pefloxacin-d3 is deuterium labelled Pefloxacin, which is a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial; analog of Norfloxacin. References Barre, J., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 73, 1379 (1984); Contrepois, A., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 14, 51 (1984)

Monensin is a polyether ionophore antibiotic, which is derived from the fermentation of the bacterium *Streptomyces cinnamonensis*. It operates by disrupting ion transport across biological membranes, primarily by facilitating the exchange of sodium and potassium ions. This ionophore action alters the osmotic balance in target cells, leading to their destabilization and death, particularly in Gram-positive bacteria and certain protozoa. Monensin is primarily used in the livestock industry as a feed additive to improve feed efficiency and promote growth in ruminants, such as cattle. It is also employed to prevent coccidiosis, a parasitic infection in poultry and other animals. By altering the rumen fermentation process, Monensin increases the production of propionic acid, optimizing energy utilization and reducing methane emissions. Its application is pivotal in enhancing the productivity of meat and milk production systems, while also contributing to the sustainable management of agricultural resources. Its usage, however, is regulated to ensure food safety and prevent antimicrobial resistance.

Chlortetracycline hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterium *Streptomyces aureofaciens*. It operates by inhibiting protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria through binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. This mechanism effectively blocks the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex, thereby preventing the addition of new amino acids to the nascent peptide chain. Chlortetracycline hydrochloride is primarily used in veterinary medicine to treat and prevent a variety of bacterial infections in livestock, including poultry, cattle, and swine. It aids in managing conditions such as respiratory infections, enteritis, and other diseases caused by susceptible organisms. Additionally, it has applications in agriculture, where it is utilized to enhance growth rates and improve feed efficiency in animal husbandry under controlled conditions. Its efficacy and wide range of action make it a valuable tool in maintaining animal health and supporting agricultural productivity, while its use must be carefully managed to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.

Carbomycin is a macrolide antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterium Streptomyces halstedii. This antibiotic functions by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, thereby inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Through this mechanism, carbomycin effectively disrupts the growth and replication of susceptible bacterial strains, making it a potent tool in combating bacterial infections. In scientific applications, carbomycin is primarily used in microbiology and biochemical research to study ribosomal function and protein synthesis pathways. Its application extends to the investigation of bacterial resistance mechanisms, providing insights into how microbes evolve to evade antibiotic action. Although not as commonly used as other macrolides like erythromycin, carbomycin's specific mechanism of action offers valuable clues for understanding bacterial biology and developing novel therapeutic strategies. Its utility in research is pivotal for advancements in our knowledge of antibiotic interactions and resistance.

T.cruzi Inhibitor is a Trypanosoma cruzi inhibitor.

Retapamulin (SB-275833), a Pleuromutilin Antibacterial, binds to both E. coli and S. aureus ribosomes with similar potencies (Kd: 3 nM).

Clindamycin-2,4-diphosphate is a phosphorylated derivative of the antibiotic clindamycin, which is a semi-synthetic lincosamide antibiotic originally derived from Streptomyces lincolnensis. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing peptide chain elongation during translation. This mechanism effectively disrupts protein production in susceptible bacteria, leading to their growth inhibition or death. The phosphorylated form, Clindamycin-2,4-diphosphate, is of particular interest in the scientific community for its enhanced solubility and potential use in research applications regarding bacterial resistance studies. It is typically employed in laboratory settings to study the pharmacokinetics of clindamycin derivatives and their interactions with various bacterial strains. Its applications also extend to developmental research of new antibiotic therapies targeting resistant bacterial pathogens.

Radezolid (RX-1741) is a novel oxazolidinone antibiotic agent.

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Acros Organics product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Acros Organics product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate is an antibacterial compound with a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is active against strains resistant to other antibiotics, such as, tetracycline and penicillin. 5-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 2-hydroxypropanoate has been shown to be effective in vitro against Campylobacter jejuni - the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. The compound also inhibits the growth cycle of Campylobacter jejuni by arresting the cells at the G1 phase. The molecule has been shown to inhibit DNA synthesis in E. coli and S. typhimurium with IC50 values of 1 ÎŒM and 0.8 ÎŒM respectively. This molecule has been tested for its surface active properties and it can be used as an additive in personal care products for improved wetting and spreading on surfaces. The compound is also researched for its antifungal efficacy against Candida albicans by inhibiting the growth cycle of the fungus.

Mitomycin A is an antitumor antibiotic with action on DNA cross-linking to inhibit replication and is used for treating various cancers and in research applications.

Nalidixic acid sodium salt is a sodium salt form of nalidixic acid with similar action and applications as nalidixic acid.

A23187 (Mixed Calcium-Magnesium Salt) is used in cell activation experiments when calcium dose-response data are not required. Ca-Mg ratio ∼ 1:1. it is widely used as a compound in cell activation. It is used as a highly selective Ca2+ ionophore. it is used in studies of intracellular Ca2+ mediated events. A23187 has been observed to induce cell activation, differentiation or proliferation. In vitro experimentation has shown A23187 to boost ROS generation and platelet fragmentation. A23187 is a widely used ionophore. It has the ability to increase the intracellular concentrations of cations and is widely used to increase the intracellular levels of calcium. Visualization of Synaptic Ca2+ Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Activity in Living Neurons. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

Gentamicin C1a is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, which is a secondary metabolite derived from the bacterium Micromonospora. This antibiotic functions through a mode of action that involves binding to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. This binding disrupts protein synthesis by causing misreading of the mRNA, ultimately leading to inhibition of bacterial growth and cellular death. Gentamicin C1a is primarily used in the treatment of severe infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella species. It is widely employed in both clinical settings for treating complicated urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, and bloodstream infections, as well as in research applications to study bacterial protein synthesis mechanisms. Its potency and broad-spectrum activity make it a valuable tool in antimicrobial chemotherapy, although its use must be carefully monitored due to potential nephrotoxic and ototoxic side effects.

Sangivamycin is a nucleoside analog with action as a protein kinase C inhibitor and is used for research on antiviral and anticancer therapies.

An aminocyclitol antibiotic that binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria and interrupts protein synthesis Spectinomycin dihydrochloride pentahydrate is used as an aminocyclitol antibiotic derived from streptomyces spectabilis. It is used in cell culture applications as well as involved in the treatment of gonorrhea. Further, it is used as an anti-bacterial agent to prevent contamination and as a selection agent for resistant bacteria and plant cells. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

Impurity Piperacillin EP Impurity C Stability Hygroscopic Applications Monodecarboxy Piperacilloic Acid (Piperacillin EP Impurity C) is an impurity of Piperacillin (P479950), a β-lactam antibiotic. References Saikawa, I. et al.: Yakug. Zas., 97, 995 (1977); Saikawa, I. et al.: Yakug. Zas., 97, 1071 (1977); Takano, S. et al.: Yakug. Zas., 97, 1064 (1977);

Dequalinium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound that has been discovered to be an inhibitor of the cytopathic effects of some syndrome viruses. It is able to inhibit the replication of the virus in various clinical isolates and in cell culture models. Dequalinium chloride also inhibits acetylcholine receptor-mediated endocytosis, which is one of the mechanisms by which cells resist infection. The mechanism by which dequalinium chloride inhibits acetylcholine receptor-mediated endocytosis is not yet known, but it has been suggested that it might be due to its inhibitory activity on mitochondrial uncoupler proteins. This property may make dequalinium chloride an effective treatment against bacterial infections and respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis and asthma.