Antibiotics

Puromycin dihydrochloride, from Streptomyces alboniger, blocks protein synthesis, acting as an antineoplastic and antitrypanosomal agent.

Faropenem sodium: Oral penem antibiotic for tuberculosis, pneumonia.

Fosfomycin calcium (Phosphomycin calcium salt) is a BBB penetrating, broad-spectrum antibiotic by irreversibly inhibiting an early stage in cell wall synthesis.

Aurachin D, a cytotoxic quinolone targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cytochrome bd oxidase, acts as an antibiotic against malaria, Plasmodium spp.

Sparfloxacin (CI-978) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and transcription.

Telavancin is a lipoglycopeptide antibiotic, which is a semi-synthetic derivative of vancomycin. Its source is derived through modifications of the glycopeptide antibiotic, specifically aimed to enhance antibacterial activity. Telavancin functions by inhibiting cell wall synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It does this by binding to the D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of cell wall precursors, disrupting peptidoglycan polymerization and, consequently, cell wall integrity. Additionally, Telavancin increases membrane permeability and disrupts membrane potential, further enhancing its bactericidal activity. Telavancin is primarily used in clinical settings for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSIs) and hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP) caused by susceptible Gram-positive organisms. Due to its potent activity against resistant strains, it is an important option in treating serious infections where other antibiotics may fail. Given its specific mechanism of action and spectrum, Telavancin should be used based on susceptibility data and in accordance with clinical guidelines to optimize therapeutic outcomes and mitigate resistance development.

Cefixime trihydrate is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating infections like gonorrhea, urinary tract infections, and respiratory infections.

Tylvalosin (Acetylisovaleryltylosin) is a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic with antibacterial and antiviral properties, effective against PRRSV infection.

Bafilomycin A1 is a potent and selective inhibitor of V-ATPase (vacuolar-type H+ ATPase). The compound can inhibit E1E2 ATPases from sarcoplasmic reticulum, Escherichia coli, and ox brain versus F1F0 ATPases found in bacteria and mitochondria. Some of the more bafilomycin A1 affected ATPases include Neurospora and plant vacuoles, as well as chromaffin granules. Additionally, Bafilomycin A1 prevents lysosomal cholesterol trafficking in macrophages and can be used to distinguish different types of ATPases. Research shows that Bafilomycin A1 can inhibit macroautophagy and promote apoptosis in colon cancer cells. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

Antibiotics nesoi

Inhibitor of cell wall synthesis; cephalosporin class

Applications Semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic. References Muggleton, et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 253 (1968), Marrelli, L.P., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 21 (1975),

Chlortetracycline is a tetracycline antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterium *Streptomyces aureofaciens*. It functions by inhibiting protein synthesis through binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex. This mechanism effectively impedes the growth and replication of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Chlortetracycline is primarily used in veterinary medicine to treat respiratory, urinary tract, and soft tissue infections due to its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. In addition to its therapeutic applications, it is also employed as a feed additive to promote growth and improve feed efficiency in livestock. In scientific research, chlortetracycline is used to study bacterial protein synthesis and resistance mechanisms. Its extensive application stems from its ability to target a wide range of bacterial pathogens, making it a valuable tool in both clinical and research settings.

Amikacin (Amikacina) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from kanamycin.

Cruzain-IN-1 (ML092) is a covalent and reversible Cruzain inhibitor (IC50: 10 nM).

Vancomycin aglycon is a glycopeptide antibiotic, which is a derivative of vancomycin. It is sourced from the fermentation products of certain Amycolatopsis species, a genus of actinobacteria. The mode of action of vancomycin aglycon involves the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It specifically binds to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of nascent peptidoglycan chains, thereby preventing the cross-linking that is crucial for maintaining cell wall integrity. This compound is primarily used in research to explore the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and cell wall biosynthesis in Gram-positive bacteria. Its applications extend to studies aiming to develop novel derivatives with improved activity against resistant strains. As vancomycin resistance continues to pose a challenge in clinical settings, vancomycin aglycon and its derivatives hold potential in advancing our understanding of antibiotic interactions and aiding the development of more effective antibacterial therapies.

Applications The labelled trans-alcohol metabolite of Loxoprofen (L472900). References Choo, K.-S. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 25, 639 (2001); Cho, H.-Y. et al.: J. Chrom. B Anal. Technol. Biomed Life Sci., 835, 27 (2006); Riendeau, D. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 14, 1201 (2004);

Mezlocillin sodium is a sodium salt form of mezlocillin with similar action and applications as mezlocillin.

Antimycin A is used to study the specific sites of reactive oxygen species production in mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscle of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, and its relationship with local oxidative stress induced by exercise. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

Antitubercular agent-41是一种抗菌剂。

Applications 5-Bromo-2-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridine is an intermediate in the synthesis of Tedizolid (T013750), an known oral and intravenous antibiotic. References Xin, Q. S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 54, 7493 (2011);

A broad spectrum antibiotic This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

Chloroxine (Capitrol) is a quinoline derivative with antibacterial activity. Topical administration of chloroxine diminishes mitotic activity in the epidermis.

Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate (Dihydrostreptomycin sesquisulfate) inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit.

(S)-5-chloro-N-(1-((4-chlorophenyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)-2-hydroxybenzamide has antifungal and tuberculostatic activities.

Doxorubicin Impurity 2 is a chemical impurity of doxorubicin with no direct therapeutic action but used in research and quality control.

Sutezolid (U-100480) is an oxazolidinone antimicrobial for the treatment of tuberculosis.

Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with action on bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and is used for treating bacterial infections in animals.

11-Deoxyfusidic acid is a steroidal antibiotic, which is derived from the fermentation broth of certain strains of fungi, specifically within the Fusidium genus. Its mode of action involves inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis by interacting with elongation factor G (EF-G) on the ribosome, thus disrupting essential processes and impeding bacterial growth. While its structural similarity to fusidic acid gives it potent antibacterial properties, 11-Deoxyfusidic acid demonstrates a unique spectrum of activity that is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria. Its application is primarily within microbiological and biochemical research, where it serves as a tool to study protein synthesis mechanisms and to potentially develop novel antimicrobial therapies. Its exploration in clinical contexts remains a topic of interest, particularly as antimicrobial resistance continues to pose significant challenges in infectious disease management.

Stability Hygroscopic Applications Neomycin C Hexaacetate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic found in many topical medications. Neomycin has been used as a preventive measure for hepatic encephalopathy and hypercholesterolemia. References Umezawa, S., et al.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpm., 53, 3259 (1980); The Journal of antibiotics, NO. 2. 189 (1977);

Streptomycin sulfate is an antibiotic that inhibits the growth of bacteria by binding to the ribosomal subunit and interfering with protein synthesis. It is used in culture media for the production of human antibodies as well as in drug therapy for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus. Streptomycin sulfate has a high specific activity and low sensitivity, but it also has a low solubility in water. The active form of streptomycin sulfate is streptomycin A, which is produced by the addition of a phenyl ring to neomycin sulfate. In plant roots, streptomycin sulfate inhibits cyanogenic glycosides from being hydrolyzed into hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and benzaldehyde.

3-Desacetylcefotaxime potassium is an antimicrobial agent that belongs to the group of beta-lactam antibiotics.It si an active metabolite of cefotaxime and effective against various bacterial infections

A broad spectrum antibiotic targeting a wide range of susceptible gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Piperacillin sodium salt is an antibiotic. It is used in pharmacokinetic studies to optimize antimicrobial therapy and in hypersensitivity reactions. It is involved in the study of multidrug-resistant organisms. It acts as an antibiotic related to penicillin. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

Ampicillin is a semisynthetic antibiotic that inhibits bacterial growth by binding to the penicillin-binding protein, which is an enzyme essential for cell wall synthesis. Ampicillin has been shown to be effective against many human pathogens and has a broad spectrum of activity. It is used in culture media for the isolation and cultivation of bacteria. Ampicillin also binds to other proteins such as albumin, hemoglobin, and casein. This drug is usually given orally but can be administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The oral form is a prodrug that must first be metabolized by liver enzymes before becoming active within the body. Ampicillin sodium salt has been shown to have antibacterial efficacy against urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterococcus faecalis.

Sulfapyridine (2-Sulfapyridine) is a short-acting sulfonamide antibiotic and by-product of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug sulfasalazine.

Targets primarily the cell wall of Gram-positive organisms especially Staphylococcus aureus. Methicillin is used to study bacterium susceptibility, and to inhibit cell-wall synthesis. PBP's are enzymes which catalyze a pentaglycine crosslink between alanine and lysine residues providing additional strength to the cell wall. Without a pentaglycine crosslink, the integrity of the cell wall is severely compromised and ultimately leads to cell lysis and death. Methicillin Sodium Salt is inactivated by gastric acid so it is given to cells by other means in which gastric acid is not present in vitro. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.