Silanes

aminopropyl/vinyl/silsesquioxane, (60-65% aminopropylsilsesquioxane)-(35-40% vinyl-silsesquioxane) copolymer 25-28% in water; trihydroxysilylpropylamine-vinylsilanetriol condensate; aminopropylsilsesquioxane vinylsilsequioxane copolymer oligomer Water-borne amino/vinyl alkyl silsesquioxane oligomersAdditives for acrylic latex sealantsLow VOC coupling agent for siliceous surfacesOrganic and silanol functionalityAmphotericPrimers for metalsViscosity: 3-10 cStMole % functional group: 60-65pH: 10-11Internal hydrogen bonding stabilizes solution

(N-Cyclohexylaminomethyl)triethoxysilane; [(triethoxysilyl)methyl]aminocyclohexane Secondary amino functional trialkoxy silaneInternal secondary amine coupling agent for UV cure and epoxy systemsUsed in microparticle surface modification

Tri-substituted Silane Reducing Agent Organosilanes are hydrocarbon-like and possess the ability to serve as both ionic and free-radical reducing agents. These reagents and their reaction by-products are safer and more easily handled and disposed than many other reducing agents. The metallic nature of silicon and its low electronegativity relative to hydrogen lead to polarization of the Si-H bond yielding a hydridic hydrogen and a milder reducing agent compared to aluminum-, boron-, and other metal-based hydrides. A summary of some key silane reductions are presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Reducing Agents brochure. Alkyl Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure. Dimethylethoxysilane; Ethoxydimethylsilane Vapor pressure, 20 °C: 281 mmUndergoes hydrosilylation reactionsWaterproofing agent for space shuttle thermal tilesWill form high-boiling polymeric by-products with aqueous work-upExtensive review of silicon based reducing agents: Larson, G.; Fry, J. L. "Ionic and Organometallic-Catalyzed Organosilane Reductions", Wipf, P., Ed.; Wiley, 2007

Anhydride Functional Trialkoxy Silane Silane coupling agents have the ability to form a durable bond between organic and inorganic materials to generate desired heterogeneous environments or to incorporate the bulk properties of different phases into a uniform composite structure. The general formula has two classes of functionality. The hydrolyzable group forms stable condensation products with siliceous surfaces and other oxides such as those of aluminum, zirconium, tin, titanium, and nickel. The organofunctional group alters the wetting or adhesion characteristics of the substrate, utilizes the substrate to catalyze chemical transformations at the heterogeneous interface, orders the interfacial region, or modifies its partition characteristics, and significantly effects the covalent bond between organic and inorganic materials. 3-Triethoxysilylpropylsuccinic anhydride Viscosity: 20 cStCoupling agent for dibasic surfacesAcetic acid-catalyzed hydrolysis yields succinct acid derivativesHardener, coupling agent for for epoxy resins