Silanes

Alkynylsilane Cross-Coupling Agent The cross-coupling reaction is a highly useful methodology for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. It involves two reagents, with one typically being a suitable organometallic reagent - the nucleophile - and the other a suitable organic substrate, normally an unsaturated halide, tosylate or similar - the electrophile. Ethynyltrimethylsilane; Trimethylsilylacetylene Vapor pressure, 20 °C: 214 mmUseful in Sonogashira reactions with differentiated reactivity at each terminus leading to unsymmetrical diaryl acetylenesReacts with aryl aldehydes to give diethynylmethanes (1,4-diynes)Doped polymer films are conductiveEthynylates aromatic compoundsPrecursor to trimethylsilylethynyl copper reagentLithiated derivative (n-BuLi treatment) reacts with halotriazines to produce monomersEmployed in ortho ethenylation of phenolsUndergoes Diels-Alder reactions with butadienesConverts imines to propargyl aminesForms propargylic amines from aldehydes and amines in aqueous systemRegioselectively forms either regioisomeric enyne upon addition to propargyl amines depending on catalyst employedReacts with aryl aldehydes to form diethynylmethane derivativesUseful in the preparation of unsymmetrical diarylacetylenesExtensive review of silicon based cross-coupling agents: Denmark, S. E. et al. "Organic Reactions, Volume 75" Denmark, S. E. ed., John Wiley and Sons, 233, 2011

3-Isocyanotopropyltrimethoxysilane; trimethoxysilylpropylisocyanate Isocyanate functional trialkoxy silaneViscosity: 1.4 cStCoupling agent for urethanes, polyols, and aminesComponent in hybrid organic/inorganic urethanes

Volatile Carbosilane Carbosilanes are compounds in which the elements of silicon and carbon alternate in a molecular framework or polymeric backbone in an approximate ratio of 1:1. By appropriate selection of the carbosilane precursor and deposition conditions the silicon carbide framework can be shifted toward substituted silicon and diamond-like structures. 1,3,5-Trisilacyclohexane; Cyclotrisilmethylene; Cyclotrimethylenetrisilane Single source precursor for β-SiC by LPCVD at 800-1,000 °C

Alkyl Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure. n-Decyldimethylchlorosilane; Chlorodimethylsilyldecane; Chlorodecyldimethylsilane

1,7-Bis(4-triethoxysilylpropoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione UV active dipodal silaneUV max: 220, 232(vs), 354(broad)Metal chelating chromophore

Olefin Functional Trialkoxy Silane Silane coupling agents have the ability to form a durable bond between organic and inorganic materials to generate desired heterogeneous environments or to incorporate the bulk properties of different phases into a uniform composite structure. The general formula has two classes of functionality. The hydrolyzable group forms stable condensation products with siliceous surfaces and other oxides such as those of aluminum, zirconium, tin, titanium, and nickel. The organofunctional group alters the wetting or adhesion characteristics of the substrate, utilizes the substrate to catalyze chemical transformations at the heterogeneous interface, orders the interfacial region, or modifies its partition characteristics, and significantly effects the covalent bond between organic and inorganic materials. Alkenylsilane Cross-Coupling Agent The cross-coupling reaction is a highly useful methodology for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. It involves two reagents, with one typically being a suitable organometallic reagent - the nucleophile - and the other a suitable organic substrate, normally an unsaturated halide, tosylate or similar - the electrophile. Allyltrimethoxysilane; 1-Trimethoxysilylprop-2-ene Adhesion promoter for vinyl-addition siliconesAllylation of ketones, aldehydes and imines with dual activation of a Lewis Acid and fluoride ionUsed in the regioselective generation of the thermodynamically more stable enol trimethoxysilyl ethers, which in turn are used in the asymmetric generation of quaternary carbon centersConverts arylselenyl bromides to arylallylselenidesAllylates aryl iodidesUsed in microparticle surface modificationComonomer for polyolefin polymerizationExtensive review of silicon based cross-coupling agents: Denmark, S. E. et al. "Organic Reactions, Volume 75" Denmark, S. E. ed., John Wiley and Sons, 233, 2011

Monoamine Functional Trialkoxy Silane Silane coupling agents have the ability to form a durable bond between organic and inorganic materials to generate desired heterogeneous environments or to incorporate the bulk properties of different phases into a uniform composite structure. The general formula has two classes of functionality. The hydrolyzable group forms stable condensation products with siliceous surfaces and other oxides such as those of aluminum, zirconium, tin, titanium, and nickel. The organofunctional group alters the wetting or adhesion characteristics of the substrate, utilizes the substrate to catalyze chemical transformations at the heterogeneous interface, orders the interfacial region, or modifies its partition characteristics, and significantly effects the covalent bond between organic and inorganic materials. 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, Trimethoxysilylpropylamine, APTES, AMEO, GAPS, A-1100, ?-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane Vapor pressure, 67 °: 5 mmSuperior reactivity in vapor phase and non-aqueous surface treatmentsSuperior reactivity in vapor phase and non-aqueous surface treatmentsHydrolysis rate vs SIA0610.0 : 6:1Used to immobilize Cu and Zn Schiff base precatalysts for formation of cyclic carbonatesUsed in microparticle surface modification Standard grade available as SIA0611.0

Trialkylsilyl Blocking Agent Used as a protecting group for reactive hydrogens in alcohols, amines, thiols, and carboxylic acids. Organosilanes are hydrogen-like, can be introduced in high yield, and can be removed under selective conditions. They are stable over a wide range of reaction conditions and can be removed in the presence of other functional groups, including other protecting groups. The tolerance of silylated alcohols to chemical transformations summary is presented in Table 1 of the Silicon-Based Blocking Agents brochure. tert-Butyldimethylchlorosilane; TBS-Cl; Chlorodimethyl-t-butylsilane; tert-Butylchlorodimethylsilane; Chloro(1,1-dimethylethyl)dimethylsilane 2.85M in tolueneUsed for the protection of alcohols, amines, thiols, lactams, and carboxylic acidsClean NMR characteristics of protecting groupFacile removal with flouride ion sourcesSummary of selective deprotection conditions is provided in Table 7 through Table 20 of the Silicon-Based Blocking Agents brochure

Volatile Carbosilane Carbosilanes are compounds in which the elements of silicon and carbon alternate in a molecular framework or polymeric backbone in an approximate ratio of 1:1. By appropriate selection of the carbosilane precursor and deposition conditions the silicon carbide framework can be shifted toward substituted silicon and diamond-like structures. Tris(silylmethyl)silane

Alkyl Silane - Conventional Surface Bonding Aliphatic, fluorinated aliphatic or substituted aromatic hydrocarbon substituents are the hydrophobic entities which enable silanes to induce surface hydrophobicity. The organic substitution of the silane must be non-polar. The hydrophobic effect of the organic substitution can be related to the free energy of transfer of hydrocarbon molecules from an aqueous phase to a homogeneous hydrocarbon phase. A successful hydrophobic coating must eliminate or mitigate hydrogen bonding and shield polar surfaces from interaction with water by creating a non-polar interphase. Although silane and silicone derived coatings are in general the most hydrophobic, they maintain a high degree of permeability to water vapor. This allows coatings to breathe and reduce deterioration at the coating interface associated with entrapped water. Since ions are not transported through non-polar silane and silicone coatings, they offer protection to composite structures ranging from pigmented coatings to rebar reinforced concrete. A selection guide for hydrophobic silanes can be found on pages 22-31 of the Hydrophobicity, Hydrophilicity and Silane Surface Modification brochure. n-Decyltrichlorosilane; Trichlorosilyldecane; Trichlorodecylsilane