Carboxylic Acids

1,2,5-Thiadiazole-3-carboxylic acid is an electrophilic compound that can undergo nitration and chlorination. It is a thionyl derivative of 1,2,5-thiadiazole that has been shown to be an effective nucleophile in the formation of acid derivatives. 1,2,5-Thiadiazole-3-carboxylic acid can also react with chloride to form a stable chloride salt.

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2-Thenoic Acid is an experimental drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of inhibitor molecules. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of a number of pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex. 2-Thenoic acid also inhibits the production of picolinic acid, which is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). 2-Thenoic acid is not active against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates, but has been shown to be effective against some strains of Clostridium perfringens. The structure of 2-thenoic acid was determined using X-ray crystallography and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This molecule binds to palladium in an octahedral coordination geometry with two nitrogen atoms from the carboxylic acid moiety forming direct bonds with palladium.

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Applications Ethyl 4,4-Difluoroacetoacetate is an intermediate used for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals such as potassium channel activators and β-alanine derived GABA-T antagonists. References Qi, J.L., et al.: Euro. J. Medn. Chem., 46, 934 (2011); Schirlin, D., et al.: J. Enzymes. Inhibition., 1, 243 (1987);

Impurity Ketoprofen EP Impurity G Applications 3-​(2-Hydroxyethyl)​benzoic Acid (Ketoprofen EP Impurity G) is an impurity in the synthesis of Ketoprofen (K200800), anti-inflammatory (1,2); analgesic. References 1. Ueno, K. et al.: J Med Chem. 1976 Jul;19(7):941-6. 2. Jamali, F. et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 1990 Sep;19(3):197-217.

Benzalkonium chloride is a cationic quaternary ammonium compound that is used as a preservative in eye drops. It can be found in many pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Benzalkonium chloride has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It also has an effect on the glutathione metabolism and energy production in mammalian cells. The biological effects of benzalkonium chloride are due to its ability to bind with proteins and nucleic acids. This binding alters cell function by altering protein synthesis or inhibiting DNA replication. Benzalkonium chloride has been shown to be toxic when administered at high doses to experimental animals, but it is not known if this toxicity also occurs in humans.

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Neuropeptide AF is a peptide that is synthesized in the brain and has been shown to have a wide range of biological activities. It has been shown to block growth factor-β1, activate the ryanodine receptor, and cause neuronal death. Neuropeptide AF also activates the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and can be used as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. Neuropeptide AF has been shown to decrease body mass index and improve long-term efficacy in patients with chronic heart disease. There is also evidence that Neuropeptide AF binds calcium ions, which may play a role in structural heart disease or cardiac function.

It finds its application in the reaction of the dilithio-derivative with an aldehyde, followed by conversion to the episulfide by reaction with ethyl chloroformate, and desulfurization with triethyl phosphite, leads to the (E)-2-alkenoic acid with high stereoselectivity. It is used as depilatories, hair straightening agent, hair waving agent, and reducing agent in cosmetic industry. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

Applications Methyl 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylate (cas# 35475-03-7) is a useful research chemical.

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