Lactones

Decursinol angelate is a bioactive compound, which is derived from the roots of plants such as Angelica gigas, a species commonly used in traditional Asian medicine. This compound is a coumarin derivative, known for its potential pharmacological properties. Decursinol angelate’s mode of action involves the modulation of inflammatory pathways, particularly through the inhibition of key enzymes and cytokines involved in inflammatory responses, such as COX-2 and TNF-alpha. This modulation leads to a reduction in the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators, which can be beneficial in managing inflammation-related conditions. The uses and applications of Decursinol angelate span a range of biomedical fields, particularly in the development of anti-inflammatory therapies. It has been studied for its potential efficacy in treating conditions such as arthritis and other auto-immune disorders. Additionally, due to its origin and mode of action, it may serve as a template for the synthesis of new therapeutic agents aiming to mitigate inflammatory processes. Researchers are exploring its role in broader pharmacological contexts, leveraging its natural origin and biological activity to enhance health outcomes.

Praeruptorin B (Praeruptorin D), a compound found in the roots of Peuced, is an inhibitor of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs).

(-)-Marmesinin (Ammijin) is a linear furanocoumarin isolated from Aegle marmelose, with antioxidant and neuroprotective activities.

Lactone

Fraxetin is a chemical compound known as a coumarin derivative, which is a natural product primarily sourced from various plant species. As a member of the coumarin family, fraxetin is often extracted from the roots, bark, and leaves of plant sources like Fraxinus species and other related flora. The compound operates through an array of biochemical pathways, prominently exhibiting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It acts by scavenging free radicals and modulating oxidative stress-related pathways, while also influencing the expression of various inflammatory cytokines. Fraxetin has garnered scientific interest due to its potential applications in medicinal chemistry and pharmaceuticals. It has exhibited promising results in preclinical studies as a candidate for treating conditions associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and certain types of cancer. Moreover, its role in modulating cellular pathways makes it a molecule of interest for further research into therapeutic development and understanding disease mechanisms. This multi-faceted compound continues to be a subject for ongoing research, aiming to harness its biological potential and explore new applications.

Esculetin dibenzyl ether is a chemical compound, which is a derivative of esculetin, a natural coumarin obtained chiefly from plant sources such as the bark of horse chestnut and other similar species. The source of esculetin dibenzyl ether is typically synthesized from natural precursors through chemical modifications, allowing for the exploration of its structural analogs. The mode of action of esculetin dibenzyl ether involves interactions at the molecular level with various biological pathways. Its structural attributes allow for the potential modulation of enzyme activity, antioxidant properties, and interactions with cellular signaling mechanisms, which are areas of considerable interest in scientific research. This compound finds uses primarily in research applications, serving as a tool for investigating the biological activities and therapeutic potential of coumarin derivatives. Specifically, it is used in the study of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and potential anticancer properties, making it valuable in drug discovery and development contexts. Its application is crucial in elucidating the mechanistic pathways of natural compounds and their synthetic analogs in biological systems.

The 6-methylcoumarin is a benzalkonium chloride that can be used as a stabilizer for biological samples. It has been shown to inhibit the activity of coumarin derivatives, which are receptors that are involved in the transmission of pain signals in the brain. The 6-methylcoumarin is also able to inhibit signal peptide, which is a protein that is secreted by cells and functions as a messenger between cells. This compound was found to have hypoglycemic effects due to its ability to stimulate glucose uptake in the body.

Seselin is a natural product from Plumbago zeylanica. Seselin shows anti-inflammatory and antiviral activity.

Lactone

Micromarin F (E-Methylarnottinin) is a coumarin derivative extracted from the stems of Micromelum minutum Wight et Arn.

3-Acetyl-5-hydroxymethyl-7-hydroxycoumarin is a synthetic coumarin derivative, which is a class of organic compounds often found in natural products. These compounds are derived from plant sources and are known for their significant biochemical effects and aromatic properties. The mode of action of 3-Acetyl-5-hydroxymethyl-7-hydroxycoumarin involves interactions at the molecular level, where it can exhibit various biological activities, such as antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. Due to the hydroxyl and acetyl functional groups present, it can participate in redox reactions and binding interactions, affecting biochemical pathways. In scientific research, this compound is explored for its potential applications in pharmacology and biochemistry. The compound's ability to modulate oxidative stress and microbial growth makes it valuable for studying disease models and developing therapeutic agents. Additionally, its structural properties allow for further chemical modifications, facilitating the synthesis of derivatives with enhanced or targeted activities.

Lactone

Sphondin, a furanocoumarin derivative isolated from Heracleum laciniatum, possesses an inhibitory effect on IL-1beta-induced increase in the level of COX-2 protein and PGE(2) release in A549 cells, the inhibitory mechanism, at least in part, through suppression of NF-kappaB activity, suggests that sphondin may have the therapeutic potential as an anti-inflammatory drug on airway inflammation.

Pranferol is a phytochemical compound, which is derived from natural plant sources. It possesses unique immunomodulatory properties, affecting cellular pathways that regulate immune responses. The bioactive components in Pranferol interact with specific receptors on immune cells, modulating signaling cascades and gene expression to enhance or suppress specific immune functions depending on the physiological context. Extensive research on Pranferol has demonstrated its potential in various therapeutic applications, particularly in the modulation of immune-related disorders. It may contribute to balancing immune responses in autoimmune diseases, reducing inflammation, and enhancing the efficacy of vaccines by acting as an adjuvant. Further studies are warranted to explore its role in oncology as it may influence tumor microenvironment and immune cell infiltration. This distinctive profile of Pranferol makes it a promising candidate for the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at immune system regulation.

Lactone

Lactone

Isoimperatorin is a medicinal herbal product that is isolated from the dried roots of Angelicae dahuricae ,can inhibit the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and COX-1-dependent phases of prostaglandin D 2 (PGD 2 ) generation in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC 50 values of 10.7 μM and 24 μM, respectively; it may provide the basis for novel anti-inflammatory drugs.

(+)-Peucedanol is a sesquiterpene compound, which is a type of natural organic compound composed of three isoprene units resulting in a 15-carbon backbone. It is derived from various species within the plant genus Peucedanum, known for their rich content of bioactive compounds. The stereoisomerism indicated by the "(+)" suggests a specific three-dimensional configuration that may influence its biological activity. The mode of action of (+)-Peucedanol is not completely elucidated but is thought to involve interactions with cellular components leading to modulation of pathways associated with anti-inflammatory and possibly antioxidant effects. By interacting at the molecular level, it may influence the biological processes that govern inflammation and oxidative stress. (+)-Peucedanol finds application in scientific research, primarily in the study of its pharmacological properties. Researchers focus on its potential therapeutic uses, exploring its efficacy in inflammation-related diseases and its role in cellular protection mechanisms. The compound's effects on cellular signaling pathways and potential as a lead compound for drug development are areas of ongoing investigation.

(+)-Pteryxin ((+)-Pteryxin) has muscle-relaxant props. (+)-Pteryxin shows hepatoprotective and nitric oxide prodn. inhibitory activity.

Arnottinin is a bioactive compound, which is derived from natural plant sources. It functions primarily through modulation of specific cellular pathways, targeting key receptors that regulate physiological responses. This compound exhibits its mode of action by influencing signal transduction pathways, effectively altering cellular activities at the molecular level. Arnottinin is known for its applications in various biomedical research settings. It is commonly utilized in the study of disease pathogenesis, particularly in examining inflammatory mechanisms and cellular growth processes. Researchers employ it to explore therapeutic potentials in oncology and neurodegenerative diseases, owing to its ability to interact with cellular targets. Additionally, Arnottinin serves as a pivotal tool in drug discovery, facilitating the development of more targeted and efficient therapeutic agents.

3-(α-Acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin sodium is an anticoagulant compound, which is a synthetic derivative of coumarin. It is primarily sourced via chemical synthesis in laboratory settings. Its mode of action involves inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, specifically factors II, VII, IX, and X. This inhibition impairs blood coagulation, leading to uncontrolled bleeding. The primary use of 3-(α-Acetonylbenzyl)-4-hydroxycoumarin sodium is in the field of pest control, where it is employed as a rodenticide. The compound is particularly valuable in managing populations of rodents such as rats and mice, which are significant agricultural and urban pests. It is typically formulated into bait products that are ingested by the target species, leading to effective population reduction due to its delayed action mechanism. This delay ensures that the rodent does not associate the adverse effects with the bait, thereby increasing the likelihood of ingestion by other members of the population. While highly effective, handling and application require careful management due to potential hazards to non-target species and the risk of secondary poisoning.

Isosibiricin is a naturally occurring lignan, which is extracted from certain plant sources. This compound is derived from the genus Daphne, traditionally known for its diverse range of biologically active constituents. Its mode of action is primarily through the modulation of key signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Isosibiricin exhibits notable inhibitory effects on specific enzymes and receptors implicated in oncogenic processes, making it a subject of interest for cancer research. The uses and applications of Isosibiricin extend into the realm of experimental oncology, where it serves as a lead compound for the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents. Its potential to interfere with malignant cell growth and induce programmed cell death without affecting normal cells positions it as a promising candidate for targeted cancer therapies. Current investigations focus on its efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and safety profiles, contributing to the burgeoning field of plant-derived anticancer compounds.

Alloisoimperatorin is a naturally occurring furanocoumarin compound, which is extracted from certain plant species, primarily those belonging to the Apiaceae family. As a type of coumarin derivative, it is synthesized through intricate plant metabolic pathways involving the precursors umbelliferone and isopentenyl pyrophosphate, among others. The mode of action of alloisoimperatorin is not completely elucidated, but it is believed to exert biological effects through modulation of enzymatic activities and interference with cellular signaling pathways. Its interaction with cytochrome P450 enzymes and perturbation of calcium ion channels might contribute to its diverse biological activities. Alloisoimperatorin is of considerable interest for its potential pharmacological applications, particularly in the fields of anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer research. It has been explored for its inhibitory effects on tumor cell proliferation and its capability to induce apoptosis in vitro. Additionally, due to its structural properties, it may serve as a precursor or inspiration for the development of novel therapeutic agents. Further research is necessary to fully understand its mechanisms and to evaluate its efficacy and safety in clinical contexts.

Lactone

Isoimperatorin is a naturally occurring furanocoumarin, which is a phytochemical compound found in certain plants, particularly within the Apiaceae family, such as Angelica dahurica. It is extracted from these botanical sources through processes like solvent extraction. Isoimperatorin exhibits a diverse mode of action, including the inhibition of various enzymes and modulation of signaling pathways. It has demonstrated significant effects on cytochrome P450 enzymes, potentially influencing drug metabolism. Additionally, Isoimperatorin has shown antioxidant properties and the ability to interfere with cell proliferation and apoptosis mechanisms. Isoimperatorin is extensively studied for its potential therapeutic applications. Research indicates promising uses in pharmacology, particularly in areas involving anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial effects. Its ability to interact with enzymatic processes suggests potential roles in drug development and metabolic studies. Additionally, Isoimperatorin is of interest in the field of agriculture as a natural pesticide due to its bioactivity against certain pests. Ongoing research continues to explore its full spectrum of biological activities and possible applications in both medical and industrial domains.

Osthenol is a natural product compound, known for its osteogenic-promoting properties. It is derived from plant sources, specifically from the fruits of Cudrania tricuspidata, a member of the Moraceae family. This compound functions by modulating cellular activities associated with bone formation. Osthenol has been reported to promote the differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts, the bone-forming cells, through the activation of specific signaling pathways such as the BMP-2 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. These pathways are crucial for enhancing the deposition of extracellular matrix and increasing the expression of osteogenic markers. The primary applications of Osthenol are in biomedical research and therapeutic developments focused on bone health. Its potential for aiding in the treatment of osteoporosis and enhancing bone regeneration makes it a subject of significant interest. Osthenol's ability to stimulate osteogenesis suggests its utility in developing novel treatments for bone-degenerative diseases and improving outcomes in regenerative medicine, particularly in tissue engineering and bone grafting procedures. Scientists continue to explore its efficacy and mechanisms in preclinical and clinical studies to better understand its full potential.

Isopimpinellin (4,9-Dimethoxypsoralen) is a natural product isolated from the roots of Pimpinella saxifrage with antiviral and antileishmanial activity.

7,8-Dimethoxycoumarin is a natural product isolated from Artemisia caruifolia and Wikstroemia indica.

Nordalbergin, a coumarin isolated from the bark of Dalbergia sissoo, can significantly induce the differentiation of HL-60 cells.

Natural glycoside

Scopolin, a PAL-activity-induced compound, may alleviate rat AIA symptoms by curbing inflammation and angiogenesis, offering a basis for new drugs.

Br-Mmc (4-Bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin) is used as a new fluorescence label for fatty acids. It is used for the determination of fatty acids by HPLC or TLC.

8-Hydroxybergapten may have anti-wrinkle activity.

Lactone

7-Ethoxy-4-methylcoumarin is a fluorescent probe, which is a synthetic compound commonly sourced from organic chemical synthesis. With its distinct chromophore, this compound becomes highly fluorescent upon enzymatic cleavage, offering a reliable mechanism for the detection of specific enzymatic activities. The mode of action involves the enzymatic cleavage of the ethoxy group, leading to the release of 4-methylumbelliferone, a fluorescent product. This conversion provides a measurable signal that correlates with enzyme activity, making it an invaluable tool in studying enzyme kinetics. This compound's uses and applications are primarily within biochemical and pharmacological research. It is employed in assays to monitor cytochrome P450 enzyme activity, particularly in examining capabilities related to oxidative metabolism. Beyond its pivotal role in enzyme assays, 7-Ethoxy-4-methylcoumarin also finds applications in drug discovery, toxicological studies, and mechanistic enzymology, aiding researchers in determining substrate specificities and enzyme inhibitors with precision.

Oxypeucedanin methanolate is a naturally occurring furanocoumarin, which is a type of organic compound found predominantly in several citrus plants. This compound is derived from the peels and essential oils of these plants, highlighting its botanical source that is rich in phytochemicals. The mode of action of oxypeucedanin methanolate involves its interaction with biological systems at the molecular level. It is known to exhibit phototoxic properties by forming adducts with cellular macromolecules upon activation by ultraviolet light. Additionally, it may interfere with various biological pathways, potentially offering antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or antimicrobial effects. In scientific research, oxypeucedanin methanolate is investigated for its potential applications in pharmacology and biochemistry. It serves as a subject of studies exploring new therapeutic agents due to its bioactive characteristics. Moreover, it is used in experimental models to study the effects of natural compounds on human health and disease mechanisms. Researchers are particularly interested in its role in drug development and as a tool for understanding plant-derived secondary metabolites and their interactions within biological systems.

7-Methylcoumarin with strong hepatoprotective activity.

Lactone

7-Demethylsuberosin (7-demethylsuberosin) is a coumarin compound isolated from Angelica gigas Nakai,and has anti-inflammatory activity,and exhibited inhibitory

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Lactone

Phellopterin is a bioactive compound belonging to the class of furanocoumarins. It is extracted from various plants within the Apiaceae family, notably Angelica and Peucedanum species. These plants are found in diverse geographical regions and have been used in traditional medicine for centuries. The mechanism of action of phellopterin involves its ability to interact with multiple biological pathways. It is known to exhibit inhibitory effects on enzymes and has potential antioxidant properties. Additionally, phellopterin has demonstrated modulation of cellular signaling pathways, which may contribute to its therapeutic potential. Phellopterin is primarily investigated for its applications in pharmacology and medicine. Research suggests that it may have beneficial effects in treating inflammatory conditions, enhancing immune response, and exerting antitumor activities. It is also studied for its neuroprotective effects and potential role in managing neurodegenerative diseases. The compound’s ability to interact with various biomolecular targets makes it a subject of interest in the development of new therapeutic agents. As research progresses, the full spectrum of phellopterin's pharmacological effects continues to be unveiled, leading to its consideration in novel drug development and therapeutic strategies.

Neobyakangelicol is a phytochemical compound, which is a natural product derived from various plant species. Its source is predominantly the roots of certain medicinal plants that are known for their array of bioactive constituents. The mode of action of Neobyakangelicol primarily involves interacting with specific biochemical pathways, potentially including modulation of enzyme activity or receptor binding, which could result in diverse pharmacological effects. The uses and applications of Neobyakangelicol are mainly centered around its potential therapeutic benefits. It has been the subject of research studies exploring its effects in various biological systems, often with a focus on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or other modulatory roles within cellular processes. As such, it is a compound of interest in the field of drug discovery and development, particularly in the quest for new treatments for diseases that involve oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, its natural origin as a phytochemical adds a layer of interest for those investigating plant-derived compounds with possible health benefits.

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8-Methoxypsoralen is a furocoumarin compound, which is derived from natural plant sources such as the seeds of the Ammi majus plant. Its primary mode of action involves intercalation into DNA strands and the formation of covalent bonds with pyrimidine bases upon exposure to ultraviolet A (UVA) light. This interaction results in the inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. The compound finds extensive applications in the field of dermatology, particularly in PUVA (psoralen and UVA) therapy for the treatment of skin disorders such as psoriasis, vitiligo, and mycosis fungoides. By inducing controlled DNA damage and modulating immune responses, 8-Methoxypsoralen helps reduce the overproduction of skin cells and alleviates symptoms. Its efficacy in repigmenting skin and managing inflammatory skin conditions has been well-documented, making it a valuable agent in therapeutic photochemotherapy protocols.

3-Aminocoumarin (3-aminochromen-2-one) is the key intermediate for the metal complexes.

Lactone

7-(Diethylamino)-3-(1-methyl-2-benzimidazolyl)coumarin is a fluorescent dye, which is synthesized through chemical derivatization of coumarin compounds. Originating from coumarin, a naturally occurring compound in plants, this dye is particularly noted for its ability to fluoresce under UV and visible light. The mode of action involves its excited electron state, which emits light upon returning to a ground state, making it useful for applications requiring visualization under a microscope or spectrometer. This photophysical property is central to its role as a reporter in various biological and chemical assays. Primarily, this compound finds applications in the fields of biochemistry and molecular biology for its utility in fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and cell viability assays. It is an integral tool for tracing biochemical pathways, analyzing cellular components, and assessing physiological functions in living cells. By conjugating with specific biomolecules, researchers can obtain detailed information on molecular interactions and dynamics within complex biological systems, aiding in a deeper understanding of biological processes.

Demethylwedelolactone is a natural product isolated from Eclipta alba, has trypsin inhibitory effect an IC50 of 3.0 μM.

Oxypeucedanin hydrate is an antimutagenic agent, it has antioxidant activity, and exhibits carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes inhibitory effect.