Lactones

Lactone

Salvianolic acid A has antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antithrombotic effect, and antiplatelet actions. it also has a significant protective effect against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction; it activates the Nrf2/HO-1 axis in RPE cells and protects against oxidative stress via activation of Akt/mTORC1 signaling. Salvianolic acid A (oral) can significantly improve glucose metabolism and inhibit oxidative injury as well as protect against impaired vascular responsiveness in STZ-induced diabetic rats. It is a novel matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitor, can prevents cardiac remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Daphnetin-8-glucoside is a natural phenolic glucoside compound derived from plants of the Thymelaeaceae family, specifically from the Daphne genus. This compound is produced by the glycosylation of daphnetin, a coumarin derivative found in various botanical sources. The glycoside linkage enhances its solubility and stability, facilitating its bioavailability. Daphnetin-8-glucoside exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, mediated through the scavenging of free radicals and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Additionally, it modulates signal transduction pathways involved in cellular oxidative stress responses. In scientific research, Daphnetin-8-glucoside is used for its potential therapeutic effects in managing oxidative stress-related disorders and inflammatory conditions. Its biological activities make it a candidate for investigating new therapeutic avenues in neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular health, and skin protection. Researchers explore its efficacy and mechanism of action to understand its role in cellular protection and its potential integration into clinical applications. The study of such natural compounds contributes to the broader understanding of plant-derived bioactives and their impact on human health.

7-Prenyloxyumbelliferone is a natural coumarin derivative, which is primarily sourced from plants belonging to the Rutaceae and Apiaceae families. This compound exhibits a range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The mode of action of 7-Prenyloxyumbelliferone involves the modulation of specific enzymes and signaling pathways, such as the inhibition of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, and the scavenging of free radicals, which collectively contribute to its pharmacological effects. The applications of 7-Prenyloxyumbelliferone are diverse, encompassing both research and potential therapeutic uses. In scientific research, it serves as a valuable tool for studying the biological pathways associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Additionally, its antimicrobial properties make it an interesting candidate for further exploration in the development of novel antimicrobial agents. The compound's unique chemical structure also lends itself to studies focused on structure-activity relationships, aimed at designing derivatives with enhanced efficacy and specificity.

Esculetin is a naturally occurring coumarin compound, which is predominantly derived from various plant sources, such as the bark and leaves of certain trees and shrubs. As a member of the coumarin family, it is characterized by its benzopyrone structure and is often isolated from botanicals through organic solvent extraction methods. Its mode of action primarily involves its ability to scavenge free radicals and chelate metal ions, contributing to its notable antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, Esculetin exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the activity of enzymes such as cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, which are integral to the inflammatory pathway. Common applications of Esculetin are found in scientific research where it is utilized for its potential therapeutic properties. Studies have investigated its role in modulating oxidative stress, its protective effects in neurodegenerative disorders, and its capability to inhibit the proliferation of certain cancer cell lines. Additionally, it serves as a useful biochemical tool in elucidating the pathways of inflammation and oxidative stress within cellular models. Scientists continue to explore its potential as a lead compound in drug discovery and development.

Rutaretin is a polyphenolic compound, which is a derivative of natural flavonoids extracted from plant sources. It functions primarily as an antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting oxidative stress at the cellular level. Its molecular structure allows it to interact with reactive oxygen species, mitigating the damaging effects on cellular components such as DNA, proteins, and lipids. This compound is of significant interest in the scientific community due to its potential therapeutic applications. Rutaretin’s antioxidant properties are being explored for protective roles in neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular conditions, and certain types of cancer. Its ability to stabilize cellular environments and modulate enzymatic pathways further underscores its relevance in research focused on aging and chronic inflammatory diseases. In recent studies, Rutaretin has shown promise in enhancing cellular resilience against oxidative damage, thus making it a candidate for further investigation in both pharmacological formulations and as a dietary supplement in clinical settings. Its continued exploration could contribute to the development of novel therapies aimed at mitigating oxidative stress-related pathologies.

Graveolone is a bioactive compound that functions as a plant defense enhancer, which is derived from certain plant species known for their antimicrobial properties. Its mode of action involves the activation of multiple signaling pathways that bolster the plant's innate immune response. By enhancing the synthesis of defensive proteins and secondary metabolites, Graveolone effectively fortifies plants against pathogenic challenges and abiotic stresses. The uses and applications of Graveolone are particularly relevant in agricultural biotechnology, where it serves as a pivotal component in developing disease-resistant crops. Its integration into crop management practices can reduce dependence on chemical pesticides by naturally augmenting plant resilience. Furthermore, its efficacy in stress modulation opens pathways for improving crop yields in variable environmental conditions. As scientists continue to explore its mechanisms, Graveolone holds potential for broad-spectrum applications in sustainable agriculture.

Lactone

Dimethylfraxetin (6,7,8-Trimethoxycoumarin) is a Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor(Ki:0.0097 μM)

Decursidin is a chemical compound, classified as a coumarin derivative, which is a bioactive constituent derived from the roots of the Angelica gigas plant. This compound is prominent for its pharmacological activities, attributed to its distinct chemical structure. The source of Decursidin, Angelica gigas, is predominantly found in East Asia and has been a focal point of traditional medicine. The extraction and isolation of Decursidin involve advanced chromatographic techniques to ensure purity and efficacy for research purposes. Decursidin functions primarily through modulating various cellular pathways. It exhibits potential anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective properties, largely by interacting with signaling cascades and influencing the expression of specific genes. This compound can inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and may induce apoptosis in certain cancer cell lines. In terms of uses and applications, Decursidin is under investigation for its therapeutic potential in treating inflammatory diseases, certain cancers, and neurodegenerative disorders. It is an area of active research, and further studies are needed to fully understand its mechanisms and therapeutic viability. Researchers continue to explore its applications in drug development, with a focus on its efficacy and safety profiles.

Neoglycyrol shows some cardioprotective effects .

Isopimpinellin is a furanocoumarin compound, which is derived from the plant Angelica archangelica, commonly known as angelica. This compound is characterized by its intricate chemical structure that includes the fusion of a furan ring to a coumarin backbone. The source, Angelica archangelica, is a biennial plant found predominantly in temperate regions and is notable for its use in traditional herbal medicine. The mode of action of isopimpinellin involves interactions with biological pathways that can influence enzymatic activity and cellular signaling processes. Specifically, it has been studied for its capacity to modulate cytochrome P450 enzymes, which play a critical role in drug metabolism and the activation or detoxification of xenobiotic substances. Furthermore, due to its structure, it may interact with DNA and proteins, affecting cellular function. Isopimpinellin has been the subject of research for its potential applications in medicine and pharmacology. It is explored for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential anti-carcinogenic properties. The insights derived from studies on isopimpinellin contribute to understanding its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and its potential therapeutic benefits in treating various diseases.

Praeruptorin C/E relaxes arteries, reduces heart contractility, acting like calcium blockers. D/E protect mice from acid lung injury by halting PMNs and IL-6.

(±)-Praeruptorin A could exhibit its anti-osteoclastogenic activity by inhibiting p38/Akt-c-Fos-NFATc1 signaling and PLCγ-independent Ca(2+) oscillation.

Lactone

Ent-toddalolactone is a natural compound belonging to the coumarin group, derived from amphotericin. It has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity.

Peucedanol methyl ether is a bioactive natural compound, which is derived from certain species of the Peucedanum genus, commonly found in various geographic regions. This compound is predominantly obtained from natural extracts through advanced chromatographic techniques. Its molecular structure is characterized by its functional groups, which contribute to its biological activities. The mode of action of Peucedanol methyl ether involves interacting with specific cellular targets, which can modulate biochemical pathways. This interaction often leads to biological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, or antimicrobial activities, depending on the cellular context and the specific targets involved. In scientific research, Peucedanol methyl ether is explored for its potential therapeutic applications. Researchers investigate its effects on cellular processes to understand its efficacy and mechanisms in disease models. The comprehensive study of this compound aids in elucidating its role in pharmacology and toxicology, contributing to the development of novel therapeutic agents. Moreover, its structure-activity relationship can be analyzed to design derivatives with enhanced bioactivity or reduced toxicity.

Lactone

Demethyldaphnoretin-7-O-glucoside, from Daphne oleoides, treats malaria, rheumatism, and heals wounds in Turkish medicine.

Demethylsuberosin is a naturally-occurring compound, specifically a coumarin derivative, which is often extracted from plants. It originates from numerous botanical sources, including the family Rutaceae, where it serves as a secondary metabolite. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of fungal and bacterial growth, achieved by disrupting the integrity of microbial cell walls and interfering with their replication processes. The compound’s antimicrobial properties have made it a subject of interest in various scientific studies focusing on its potential applications. Demethylsuberosin has been researched for its use in agriculture, where it could serve as a biopesticide to control plant pathogens. Moreover, its antifungal attributes suggest possible applications within pharmaceuticals for treating fungal infections. Beyond its role in inhibiting pathogens, it is of interest for its involvement in biochemical pathways and potential impact on human health. Further exploration and characterization of demethylsuberosin could advance our understanding of its full range of applications and efficacy.

7-Methoxy-8-hydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin is a coumarin derivative, a type of organic compound characterized by a benzopyrone structure. This compound is typically derived from natural plant sources or synthesized in laboratory settings. Its structural features, such as the methoxy and hydroxy groups, are integral to its potential biological activity. The mode of action of 7-methoxy-8-hydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin may involve interaction with various biological pathways. Its mechanism often includes antioxidant activities, where it may scavenge free radicals and mitigate oxidative stress, a process linked to numerous degenerative diseases. This compound has a range of uses and applications in scientific research. It is often explored for its potential therapeutic benefits in pharmacological studies. Research into this molecule can provide insights into the development of novel treatments for conditions related to oxidative damage. Additionally, its unique structure allows for exploration in material science, offering opportunities for innovation in polymer development or as fluorescent markers in imaging techniques. Researchers continue to investigate its multifaceted roles across diverse scientific domains.

7-Ethoxycoumarin is a fluorescent substrate used in biochemical research, which is derived synthetically. It undergoes biotransformation primarily via oxidative dealkylation, catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes, resulting in the formation of 7-hydroxycoumarin. By monitoring the fluorescent 7-hydroxycoumarin, researchers can assess enzymatic activity and study metabolic pathways. This compound is pivotal in studies involving xenobiotic metabolism, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics. Due to its capability to exhibit fluorescence, it is an essential tool in in vitro assays inspecting enzyme activity, especially in the context of drug metabolism and discovery. Its application extends to evaluating the effect of various inhibitors and inducers on cytochrome P450 enzymes, providing insight into potential drug-drug interactions and metabolic rates.

Triumbelletin is a tricoumarin rhamnopyranoside obtained from Wikstroemia indica with antitumour activity for the study of tumours.

Geiparvarin is a cytotoxic compound, which is a plant-derived chemical with notable bioactivity. It is sourced from the roots of the Daflon plant, known for various natural compounds with potential therapeutic effects. Geiparvarin acts by interfering with cellular processes, leading to apoptosis in malignant cells. This mode of action is particularly significant in the study and development of anticancer therapies. The compound's effectiveness in inducing cell death in cancer cells has made it a subject of interest in oncological research. Scientists are exploring its mechanisms and potential in drug development aimed at targeting specific cancer types. While extensive research is still ongoing to fully understand its applications and side effects, Geiparvarin holds promise for future therapeutic use, warranting further studies to explore its efficacy and safety profiles.

Selinidin is a phytochemical compound, which is derived from the natural source of the Brunsvigia bosmaniae plant. As a bioactive constituent of this plant, it is characterized by its unique structure and chemical properties, enabling it to interact with a variety of cellular targets, primarily through modulation of inflammatory pathways. The mode of action of Selinidin involves the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, thereby reducing inflammation and oxidative stress at the cellular level. The applications of Selinidin are primarily within the scientific research domain, where it is utilized to explore novel anti-inflammatory mechanisms and pathways. Researchers focus on its potential to influence molecular signaling pathways, which can offer insights into developing new therapeutic strategies for inflammatory-related conditions. Current studies are investigating its efficacy and molecular interactions, aiming to unlock its potential in pharmacological applications, particularly in conditions where inflammation plays a crucial role. Such research continues to reveal the complexities of its actions and its promise in contributing to the development of innovative treatments.

(Rac)-Byakangelicin (7H-Furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-7-one, 9-(2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutoxy)-4-methoxy-) is an antineoplastic agent.

Lactone

4-Methylesculetin (Methylesculetin) is one of the coumarin derivatives with great anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Columbianetin acetate can be absorbed in whole intestinal sections and colon is the best absorption region of whole rat intestines.The increase of columbianetin acetate concentration has no effect on absorption kinetics,the absorption of columbianetin acetate is a passive diffusion process, not pH-dependent.

Glycocoumarin is a phytochemical compound that is primarily categorized as a bioactive flavonoid. It is derived from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, commonly known as liquorice, a plant renowned for its diverse pharmacological properties. The mode of action of glycocoumarin involves the modulation of various biological pathways, including its potential to influence inflammatory responses and antioxidant activity. This compound is known to interact with cellular signaling mechanisms, which could mediate its effects on immune modulation and cellular protection. The applications of glycocoumarin are primarily in the research and development domain, focusing on its therapeutic potential. It has been investigated for its role in managing inflammatory diseases, enhancing immune response, and providing protective effects against oxidative stress-related cellular damage. Its natural origin and bioactive properties make it an intriguing subject for further exploration in pharmacognosy and medicinal chemistry, particularly for its possible incorporation into therapeutic protocols aimed at mitigating chronic health conditions.

Cichoriin is a coumarin glycoside, which is a type of phytochemical compound found in certain plants. It is primarily sourced from plants of the Asteraceae family, particularly chicory (Cichorium intybus). The compound exhibits its biochemical effects by interacting with various cellular pathways, including acting as an antioxidant and displaying potential anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Cichoriin's mode of action involves the inhibition of free radicals and modulation of enzyme activities, which contributes to its protective effects in biological systems. In scientific research, it is explored for its potential therapeutic applications due to its ability to affect oxidative stress and inflammation pathways. The uses and applications of cichoriin are varied, extending into pharmacological studies related to its antioxidative and protective properties. It serves as a subject of interest in studies aiming to develop treatments for conditions linked to oxidative stress and inflammation, highlighting its potential role in advancing our understanding of natural compounds in therapeutic contexts.

Acetyl columbianetin is a natural compound, which is a type of secondary metabolite derived primarily from plant sources. This compound is part of a broader category of phytochemicals known for their diverse bioactive properties. Acetyl columbianetin is specifically sourced from certain species within the Apiaceae family, commonly found in traditional medicine. The mode of action of Acetyl columbianetin is linked to its ability to interact with various biological pathways, notably through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. These interactions can modulate cellular processes and contribute to the compound's therapeutic potential. The efficacy of the compound is often attributed to its chemical structure, which facilitates interactions with cellular targets. The uses and applications of Acetyl columbianetin are of significant interest in scientific research, particularly for its potential in pharmaceutical and therapeutic developments. Studies have explored its effects in various models of disease, focusing on its capacity to act as a potential anti-inflammatory agent. Additionally, its role in combating oxidative stress positions it as a candidate for further investigation in the context of chronic diseases and age-related conditions. Scientists are continuously exploring its pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability to harness its full potential within drug development frameworks.

Lactone

Heraclenol is derived from the fruits of Angelica lucida with antibacterial activities. Heraclenol is a germination inhibitor in the parsley and lettuce seeds.

Tomenin is a systemic insecticidal compound, which is synthetically derived with a unique dual mode of action. This product is designed to efficiently target nematodes, plant-parasitic organisms that cause significant agricultural damage. The molecular formulation of Tomenin involves binding to specific nematode receptors, disrupting their neuromuscular functions and metabolic pathways. This dual action results in paralysis and eventual death of the nematodes, ensuring effective control over populations that threaten crop yield and quality. Tomenin is primarily utilized in the agricultural sector, applied as a soil treatment to protect root systems from invasion and damage by nematodes. Its application has shown to significantly enhance crop health and productivity across a variety of plant species. Moreover, its specificity in action minimizes the impact on non-target organisms, making it a valuable tool for integrated pest management strategies. Research continues to explore broader applications and potential resistance management strategies, ensuring Tomenin remains an effective solution for nematode control in sustainable agriculture.

Fraxidin is a naturally occurring compound, specifically an O-methylated coumarin, which is derived from certain plant sources such as the fruits of the ash tree. It is primarily obtained through the processing of various plant materials within the Rutaceae family. The mode of action of Fraxidin involves the inhibition of oxidative damage due to its capacity to scavenge free radicals, thus leading to potential antioxidant properties in biological systems. The possible uses and applications of Fraxidin are of significant interest in scientific research, particularly in the exploration of its antioxidative capabilities. Studies have focused on its role in mitigating oxidative stress, which is implicated in a range of degenerative diseases. Researchers are investigating its efficacy and mechanisms in experimental settings, aiming to understand its potential therapeutic applications in conditions characterized by excessive free radical production. The continued investigation into the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of Fraxidin is necessary to fully elucidate its role and to fully recognize its applicability in clinical contexts.

Skimmin reduces inflammation, enhances kidney function, and inhibits IgG and glomerular damage in rat kidney disease.

Cnidicin: anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, impedes mast cell degranulation, NO in RAW 264.7 cells (IC50=7.5µM), hinders human tumor cell growth in vitro.

Prenyletin methyl ether is a flavonoid compound, which is a naturally occurring polyphenolic molecule sourced primarily from specific plant species. This compound exerts its effects through a variety of biochemical interactions, notably influencing cellular signaling pathways, including antioxidative and anti-inflammatory processes. As a flavonoid, Prenyletin methyl ether is recognized for its potential therapeutic applications in the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. It plays a role in various research areas exploring chronic disease mechanisms, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. Its mode of action involves altering the expression of specific enzymes and proteins that mediate oxidative damage and inflammation. Moreover, its pharmacokinetic properties and interaction with biomolecular targets make it a subject of interest for drug development and nutraceutical formulations. Research on Prenyletin methyl ether continues to uncover its diverse pharmacological potentials, contributing insights into its application in developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Calycanthoside is a phenolic glycoside, which is a type of natural compound characterized by a glycosidic bond linking a phenolic moiety. It is derived from the plant Calycanthus chinensis, known for its rich array of bioactive compounds. The extraction and isolation processes of Calycanthoside involve sophisticated chromatographic techniques to ensure its purity and activity. In terms of its mode of action, Calycanthoside exhibits significant biological activity attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These effects are achieved through modulation of cellular pathways that reduce oxidative stress and inhibit inflammatory mediators, thereby offering potential therapeutic benefits. Calycanthoside is extensively researched for its applications in pharmacology, especially concerning its protective effects in oxidative stress-related conditions. Its anti-inflammatory properties make it a subject of interest in developing treatments for chronic inflammatory diseases. Additionally, its antioxidant capacity suggests potential uses in skincare formulations, aiming to protect against cellular damage caused by environmental factors. The exploration of Calycanthoside continues to expand, contributing valuable insights into natural product chemistry and pharmacognosy.

Byakangelicin is a furanocoumarin compound, which is derived from the roots of various Angelica plant species. This compound is of particular interest due to its complex chemical structure that allows it to interact with biological systems in distinctive ways. Byakangelicin's mode of action includes the inhibition of specific enzymes, interference with signal transduction pathways, and potential modulation of cellular responses, making it a valuable subject for various pharmacological studies. The primary uses and applications of Byakangelicin are in the domain of biomedical research, where it is explored for its potential therapeutic benefits. Research has indicated its promise in areas such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. Scientists continue to investigate its efficacy and mechanisms, exploring its role in modulating immune response and its potential as an adjuvant in drug formulations. Such studies aim to harness Byakangelicin's bioactive properties, fostering a deeper understanding of its effects and paving the way for new therapeutic strategies.

Lactone

Bergapten is a naturally occurring furanocoumarin, which is derived from the essential oils of citrus fruits, such as bergamot. It is recognized for its photosensitizing properties due to its ability to interact with DNA upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. The mode of action involves the formation of monoadducts with pyrimidine bases in DNA, which can lead to cross-linking and ultimately disrupt DNA replication and transcription. Bergapten's photosensitizing ability finds utility in phototherapy, notably in the treatment of skin conditions such as psoriasis and vitiligo. By inducing controlled skin erythema and resultant melanogenesis, it aids in repigmentation processes. Additionally, it serves as a research tool in studying DNA interactions and cellular responses to DNA damage. While its photosensitive nature is invaluable in therapeutic contexts, caution is warranted due to the potential for phototoxicity, necessitating careful monitoring in clinical applications. The compound's intricate role in influencing cellular pathways underscores its relevance in both therapeutic and research settings.

Lactone

Isopteryxin is a natural compound classified as a furanocoumarin, which is primarily derived from plants in the Apiaceae family, such as various species of Angelica. It is synthetically produced or extracted from these botanical sources using advanced chromatographic techniques. The mode of action of Isopteryxin involves interactions with cellular and molecular targets through its capability to intercalate with DNA and modulate enzyme activity. This confers notable biological activities, including antimicrobial, antifungal, and potentially anticancer effects. It may inhibit certain cell signaling pathways, thus influencing cellular processes such as apoptosis and proliferation. Isopteryxin is utilized in scientific research for its potential therapeutic applications. It is explored in pharmacological studies aimed at developing novel treatments for infections and cancer. Moreover, it serves as a valuable reference compound in the study of plant-derived bioactive substances. The unique properties of Isopteryxin make it a subject of interest for the exploration of natural product chemistry and its integration into modern medicine.

5,7-Dimethoxycoumarin is a naturally occurring coumarin derivative, which is primarily sourced from various plant species, most notably those belonging to the Apiaceae and Rutaceae families. This compound is characterized by the presence of methoxy groups at the 5 and 7 positions on the coumarin core structure. These structural features contribute to its biological activity by influencing its interaction with various biomolecular targets. The mode of action of 5,7-Dimethoxycoumarin involves the modulation of enzymatic pathways and cellular processes, including its role as an inhibitor of certain protein kinases and enzymes involved in oxidative stress pathways. This makes it a subject of interest in the study of pharmacological and therapeutic interventions targeting oxidative stress and related diseases. In terms of its applications, 5,7-Dimethoxycoumarin is used in scientific research to explore its potential therapeutic effects. It has been studied for its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The compound's ability to modulate biological pathways makes it a valuable tool in drug discovery and development, particularly in the context of diseases associated with oxidative damage and inflammation.