Enzyme, Peptide and Protein Related Compounds

Zinc bromide dihydrate is a crystalline compound that is used as a catalyst for the conversion of metalloporphyrins to hydroporphyrins. This process is used in the production of vitamin B12. Zinc bromide dihydrate can also be used to inhibit the function of ion pumps, which are proteins that pump ions across membranes. The inhibition of these pumps may lead to a decrease in intracellular calcium levels and an increase in free radicals. Zinc bromide dihydrate has been shown to react with chlorophylls, vinylated heterostructures, and polyvinyl nonmetals. These reactions produce morphology changes in zinc bromide dihydrate crystals

(6R,7R)-3-[(4-Carbamoylpyridinio)methyl]-8-oxo-7-[2-(2-thienyl)acetylamino]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate hydrat e is an antimicrobial peptide that has been shown to have broad antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacteria, including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and many fungi and viruses. This peptide has also been shown to have antiinflammatory effects in mice with multiple sclerosis (MS). The mechanism for this effect is not known, but it may be due to the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα).

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(-)-Diethyl-D-tartrate is an asymmetric synthesis of the thioether. It was synthesized from 1,4-dimethyl fumarate and diethyl ester in three steps. The first step involves the formation of the nitro compound by nitration of 1,4-dimethyl fumarate and then reduction to the corresponding alcohol with tetraisopropoxide. This alcohol undergoes a reaction with phosphorous acid to yield diethyl ester. In the final step, this diethyl ester reacts with alpha-tocopherol to form (-)-Diethyl-D-tartrate. (-)-Diethyl-D-tartrate has been shown to inhibit gastric acid secretion and reduce stomach ulcers in rats.

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Ergotamine D-tartrate is a drug that belongs to the group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It is used in the treatment of migraine and other headaches. Ergotamine D-tartrate inhibits the production of nitric oxide, which has been shown to be involved in the process of angiogenesis. This drug also has long-term efficacy for headaches and migraines, as well as an anti-migraine effect. Ergotamine D-tartrate binds to specific receptors on neurons called alpha2 adrenergic receptors, which are located on blood vessels in the brain and have been implicated in migraine pathophysiology. These receptors are not present on vessels elsewhere in the body, which makes ergotamine a more selective drug for migraine than other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

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3-Aminobenzamidinedihydrochloridehydrate is a serine protease inhibitor that has been shown to have high affinity for tumor cells. It is synthesized by the enzyme, thrombin, which is involved in blood clotting. 3-Aminobenzamidinedihydrochloridehydrate interacts with the protease activity of thrombin and prevents it from cleaving its substrate, thereby blocking the formation of fibrin clots. This inhibition of thrombin can lead to an increase in tumor cell proliferation, as well as an increase in antitumor activities.

Methyl Heptafluoroisobutyrate is a chemical compound that has an alkynyl group and a hydrocarbon group. It is produced by the reaction of silicon with ethylene oxide, followed by reaction of the product with chlorine gas. The methyl heptafluoroisobutyrate can be synthesized in a two-step process from methanol and chlorine. The first step is the synthesis of dichloromethane using methanol as a solvent and chlorination with chlorine gas. The second step is the addition of ethylene oxide to this product, followed by chlorination with chlorine gas. Methyl heptafluoroisobutyrate can also be made from fluorine in liquid hydrogen fluoride at low pressure and high temperature.

Ethyl 2-hydroxyvalerate is an organic compound that is a derivative of malic acid. It is used in the synthesis of fatty acids and ethyl esters, as well as in the production of amides. The compound has been shown to have a functional role in gabapentin metabolism by hydrolyzing it to form 2-hydroxygabapentin. The enzyme responsible for this reaction has been identified as citrate lyase, which also interacts with other compounds (e.g., citric acid) to regulate its activity. An experimental predictive model was developed using structural properties of the substrate and product, and validated using different chromatographic methods to generate a three-dimensional structure.

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Ochratoxin A is a mycotoxin that is found in cereals and cereal products. It can be detected by an analytical method that utilizes high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Ochratoxin A has been implicated in the development of bowel diseases and has also been shown to inhibit catalase, peroxidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities. It also inhibits DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, and mitochondrial enzymes involved in energy production. There is evidence that ochratoxin A may be genotoxic by inhibiting the repair of DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species. The optimum concentration for ochratoxin A is between 0.1 and 1 micrograms per liter.br> Ochratoxin A is metabolized in plants via the phenylalanine pathway. This leads to increased levels of phenylalanine and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the plant's tissues.br>

Strontium chloride hexahydrate is a chemical compound that belongs to the group of strontium compounds. It is used as an injection solution and reaction solution, and has been shown to have a beneficial effect on liver lesions in mice. Strontium chloride hexahydrate can be injected intravenously or intraperitoneally to treat patients with hypercalcemia or hypophosphatemia. This drug also has a toll-like receptor (TLR) agonistic effect, which may be due to its ability to stimulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in macrophages. The optimum concentration for this drug is 1 mmol/L. Strontium chloride hexahydrate binds to plasma proteins through ionic interactions with chloride ions. This binding makes it difficult for the drug to pass through cell membranes, which limits its effectiveness.

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1-Octanesulfonic acid sodium salt monohydrate is an animal drug that has been used for the long-term treatment of chronic exposure to animals. It can be used as a component of a chromatographic method for the analysis of dopamine in biological fluids. 1-Octanesulfonic acid sodium salt monohydrate has also been shown to have antipsychotic effects, which may be due to its ability to increase dopaminergic neurotransmission by inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine. This drug is not active against human cancer cells, but it does inhibit imatinib (the active form) and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors at micromolar concentrations, making it a potential candidate for use in pharmaceutical dosages as an adjunct therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia.

Estradiol is a form of the hormone estrogen that has been modified to be more lipophilic. It is used in combination with other drugs to treat menopausal symptoms and as an adjuvant for the treatment of breast cancer in women. Estradiol 17-valerate is also used in the treatment of schizophrenia, although not as often as estradiol valerate, because it has a shorter duration of action. The mechanism of action is thought to be due to its ability to increase the concentration of dopamine at nerve terminals by blocking reuptake or inhibiting its metabolism. This may result in relief from distal tubule dysfunction and an improvement in urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hypertrophy. There are many other possible mechanisms of action including the prevention of bone loss, increased bone age, and increased NMDA receptor binding potentials.

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Kisspeptin-54 is a mammalian peptide hormone that regulates the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. Kisspeptin-54 has been shown to be potently immunogenic in humans and can be used as an antigen for the production of monoclonal antibodies. It is also a candidate drug for the treatment of obesity and may have neuroprotective effects. Kisspeptin-54 has been shown to reduce body mass index, which may be due to its ability to stimulate the immune system and promote antibody production against tumors. This peptide also has potent on-line binding properties that are useful in polymerase chain reactions.

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5-Amino-N-(3-amino-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropyl)-4-hydroxy-2-isopropyl-7-[4-methoxy-3-(3-methoxypropoxy)benzyl]-8-methylnonanamide fumar ate is a drug that inhibits the activity of angiotensin II, which is a hormone produced by the body. It is used as monotherapy for treatment of hypertension. 5AMINO has been shown to be effective in lowering blood pressure when administered alone and has been shown to be well tolerated. For this drug, the most frequently reported adverse reactions are nausea and dizziness. This drug should not be taken with other antihypertensive drugs or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen (Motrin®). In addition, patients with diabetes should monitor their blood sugar levels carefully while taking this medication.

Tetramethylammonium fluoride tetrahydrate (TMF) is an ionic liquid that is a reaction product of tetraethylammonium and hydrochloric acid. TMF has been shown to react reversibly with water to produce aqueous hydrogen fluoride, which can be detected at low concentrations with a variety of analytical techniques such as gas chromatography. TMF has also been shown to have selectivities for the transport of silicon and calcium carbonate ions, which are useful in electrochemical studies. The activation energies for the reaction of TMF with water were determined by electrochemical studies to be around -0.4 eV.

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Polyethylene glycol monolaurate (PEGML) is a non-ionic surfactant that has been used in vitro to evaluate the effects of amines on cell viability. PEGML has been shown to be insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents and oils. PEGML is not cytotoxic at concentrations up to 100%. The correlation between the cytotoxicity of PEGML and the concentration of amines was evaluated by measuring the endpoint, irritancy, and sensitivity. The endpoints for this test are cell viabilities, which were determined using a MTT assay. Irritancy was assessed with an alamar blue assay, while sensitivity was determined by evaluating corneal epithelial cells for viability after exposure to different concentrations of PEGML.

1-Ethyl-3-methyl-imidazoliumtetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF) is an ionic liquid that has been shown to have a high solubility in water and organic solvents. The stability of EMIMBF has been shown to be greater than other ionic liquids and it is electrochemically inert. 1-Ethyl-3-methyl-imidazoliumtetrafluoroborate also has the ability to stimulate the production of growth factor β1, which promotes epidermal growth and wound healing. This compound is used in cosmetics as a solvent for polymers. It is also used as a component in mixtures with malonic acid and methylamine, which are used in the purification of human serum albumin.

Ferric chloride hexahydrate is a chemical compound that has the formula FeCl3·6H2O. It is composed of iron, chlorine, and water. Ferric chloride hexahydrate is used in wastewater treatment to remove organic compounds from the water. Ferric chloride hexahydrate reacts with sodium carbonate to form sodium citrate and ferrous chloride: FeCl3 + Na2CO3 → Fe(CO)2 + NaCl + 3H2O The reaction between ferric chloride hexahydrate and potassium dichromate produces the following products: FeCl3 + K2CrO4 → FeCrO4 + 2KCl In addition, ferric chloride hexahydrate can be used as an oxidizing agent in organic synthesis. The reaction mechanism for this process occurs when ferric chloride hexahydrate is mixed with a fatty acid such as octanoic acid: FeCl3 + C8H18

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ALPHA FACTOR SIGNALING PEPTIDE Yeast mating signaling pathway The life cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also known as the brewer’s and the baker’s yeast, is characterized by both haploid and diploid phases. Indeed, yeasts are organized in two haploid types, known as a and α cells (MATa and MATα), that can either proliferate individually, using mitosis, or fuse together to form MATa/MATα diploids. α factor - WHWLQLKPGQPMY peptide - CAS: 59401-28-4. Haploid, diploid cells For two haploid cells to mate, mating factors are needed. These pheromones induce G-Protein Coupled Receptor‘s (GPCR) conformational changes, which allow G-protein migration in the plasma membrane. GPCRs are present on both a and α yeast cells and turn into Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEF) upon G-protein release. The receptor’s « new activity » leads to guanosine diphosphate (GDP) exchange by guanosine triphosphate (GTP) on the G-protein, which will recruit STE 5 to allow Fus3 protein phosphorylation. Phosphate addition on Fus3 enables its fusion to the cell’s plasma membrane in order to activate formin proteins by phosphorylation. α factor - WHWLQLKPGQPMY peptide - CAS: 59401-28-4. Yeast mating signaling pathway Formin proteins being involved in the polymerization of microfilaments, their consequent growth within the cell will form shmoo projections to enable complete mating of MATa and MATα cells, towards MATa/MATα diploid cell that can undergo mitosis and meiosis to create new haploid spores. α factor - WHWLQLKPGQPMY - CAS: 59401-28-4. Yeast mating [CAS: 59401-28-4] α-factor pheromone - WHWLQLKPGQPMY To induce a yeast cells’ shmoo projection, WHWLQLKPGQPMY pheromone (or alpha mating factor) is produced by α yeast cells. This signaling peptide is part of the MFAL1_YEAST protein (UniProt: P01149) that excretes its active factor into the culture medium to act on the opposite mating type). α mating factor is a 13 residues peptide inducing the expression of necessary mating genes ( 200 genes - 3% of the yeast’s genome) to arrest yeast cell cycle in the G1 phase, while altering cell surface and nuclear determinants, towards MATa and MATα fusion. WHWLQLKPGQPMY interacts with its complementary pheromone, a-factor, which is a 12 residues peptide (YIIKGVFWDPAC) that is covalently attached to farnesyl to generate the appropriate response upon α pheromone activation. Alpha factor applications SB-PEPTIDE offers α mating factor WHWLQLKPGQPMY to study: Cell cycle Cellular morphology Transcriptional induction Signal transduction pathways

Quinoline N-Oxide Hydrate is a quinoline derivative with an intramolecular hydrogen bond. It has been synthesized to inhibit the enzyme, toxoplasma gondii, which is responsible for causing toxoplasmosis in humans and other animals. Quinoline N-Oxide Hydrate inhibits the enzyme by reacting with the hydroxyl group of one of its amino acids. Quinoline N-Oxide Hydrate also inhibits luminescence in Toxoplasma gondii cells and has an inhibitory effect on the growth of this parasite.

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Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (CNT) is a calcium salt of nitric acid that has been used in the past to control insects. It is an oxidizing agent and is used as a fertilizer. CNT reacts with water to produce heat and water vapor, which can be used for heating or cooking. When heated, CNT decomposes into calcium nitrite and nitrogen dioxide. The structural analysis of CNT was carried out by X-ray diffraction and thermodynamic data were obtained by differential scanning calorimetry. The thermal expansion coefficient of CNT was determined by DTA experiments.

Carpronium chloride monohydrate is used for the treatment of hydrochloric acid and ethylene that are produced in the body. It is also used as an antioxidant to prevent damage from free radicals. Carpronium chloride monohydrate has been shown to reduce the amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and increase the amount of adenosine diphosphate (ADP). This may be due to its ability to inhibit ATPase activity, which leads to a decrease in intracellular ATP levels. Carpronium chloride monohydrate also inhibits percutaneous absorption of various compounds, including anionic drugs such as acetaminophen and benzoic acid. This property may be due to its ability to form a complex with these molecules in the skin.

Beta-estradiol 3-benzoate 17-N-butyrate is a hormone that is used to treat outpatients with certain conditions. It is an oral contraceptive, which means it prevents pregnancy by stopping ovulation and changing the cervical mucus. Beta-estradiol 3-benzoate 17-N-butyrate has been shown to be effective in inhibiting spermatozoa motility and viability, as well as preventing endometrial proliferation. The onset of this drug is delayed, which means it takes longer to start working. Beta-estradiol 3-benzoate 17-N-butyrate also stimulates the release of acetophenide, which can cause nausea and vomiting. This drug can be taken orally or given as an injection.

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Osteocalcin is a protein that is synthesized by osteoblasts and released into the extracellular matrix. It is involved in the regulation of bone metabolism, including the synthesis and mineralization of bone matrix. Osteocalcin has been shown to be a marker for osteoarthritis, which may be due to its role in cartilage degradation. This protein has also been implicated in prognosis and diagnosis of this condition. Osteocalcin can be used as a marker for monitoring disease-modifying therapies such as chondroitin sulfate or cross-linking agents.

Manganese(II) chloride monohydrate is a high quality, reagent grade chemical that is used as a complexing agent and intermediate in the production of fine chemicals. It can also be used as a versatile building block for the synthesis of speciality chemicals. Manganese(II) chloride monohydrate is a useful scaffold with which to build other molecules and has been found to be an important reaction component for the synthesis of various organic compounds.

Apomorphine hydrochloride is the salt form of apomorphine, a morphine derivative D2 dopamine agonist. The high selectivity for D2, D3, D4 and D5 receptors makes apomorphine hydrochloride a possible drug candidate and it is in clinical trials for diagnosis and treatment of Parkinsons disease. Moreover, apomorphine and apomorphine hydrochloride have been investigated in diverse studies for treating movement disorders.

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Zinc acetate dihydrate is an inorganic compound that can be obtained by reacting zinc with acetic acid. It has been used as a reagent to precipitate copper from solutions, and in the treatment of infectious diseases. Zinc acetate dihydrate reacts with copper chloride to form zinc chloride, which then reacts with sodium citrate to produce a white solid. The structure was determined using X-ray crystallography and electron diffraction techniques. The biological properties of this compound are not well understood, but it has been shown to have high values for inhibiting HIV infection and wastewater treatment. Zinc acetate dihydrate is soluble in water vapor, but insoluble in organic solvents such as ether or chloroform.

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