Steroids

Natural glycoside

Applications Labelled analogue of 17-epi-Nandrolone, an epimer of the anabolic steroid Nandralone (N315000). Controlled substance (anabolic steroid). References Gradeen, C., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 14, 120 (1990); Teale, P., et al.: Biol. Mass Spectrom., 20, 109 (1991); Yamada, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 45, 125 (2007);

Zingiberen newsaponin is a steroidal saponin from Dioscorea zingiberensis.

Applications Methyl Lithocholate is an derivative of Lithocholic Acid (L469180),a cholic acid derivative as TGR5 modulator. Found in ox bile, human bile, rabbit bile, and in ox and pig gallstones. References Roleira, F.M., et al.: Lett. Drug. Design. Discovery., 7, 610 (2010);

Applications CSA (cationic steroid antibiotics) is a class of facial amphiphiles with same mechanism of antimicrobial action as that of CPAs (cationic peptide antibiotics). References Sundriyal, S., et al.: J. Mol. Model, 14, 265 (2008).

Naringinase, with α-L-rhamnosidase and β-D-glucosidase activities, transforms steroids, antibiotics, and glycosides.

Zuclomiphene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), which is derived from clomiphene citrate, a mixture containing two isomers, zuclomiphene and enclomiphene. Zuclomiphene acts by binding to estrogen receptors, exhibiting both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects depending on the target tissue. This dual action makes it a valuable tool in modulating estrogen receptor activity for scientific research. In the laboratory, Zuclomiphene is primarily utilized in studies related to endocrine function, reproductive health, and the biological impacts of estrogenic modulation. Researchers investigate its effects on estrogen receptor signaling pathways to better understand the hormonal regulation of tissues and its implications in disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and estrogen receptor-positive cancers. Its ability to selectively modulate receptor activity aids scientists in dissecting the mechanisms underlying hormonal regulation and in developing potential therapeutic strategies.

Applications 17α-Hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one is a metabolite of epi-testosterone (T155005). It functions similar to other testosterone analogs, maintaining cell conformation in epithelial cells. References Sinowatz, F. et al.: J. Endocrinol., 73, 53 (1977);

Applications 17α-Boldenone is the 17α-epimer and metabolite of the anabolic steroid Boldenone (B675100(P)). References Van Puymbroeck, M. et al.: Analyst, 123, 2681 (1998); Ferretti, G. et al.: Ana;. Chim. Acta, 589, 269 (2007);

Natural glycoside

Applications Isotope labelled 17β-Estradiol (E888000), which is the major estrogen (1) secreted by the premenopausal ovary (2).Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants. References 1. Salole, E. et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. 1986 15, 23 283-3182. Lievertz, R. et al.: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1987 May;156(5):1289-93.

Applications Methyl-d3 Linolenate is the isotope labelled analog of Methyl Linolenate (M315700); a compound that has potential application towards human long carcinoma cell lines, displaying cytotoxicity. Also an essential oil component. References Jubie, S. et al.: Lipid. Health. Dis., 12, 45 (2013); Tavakoli, R. et al.: Anal. Chem., Lett., 2, 269 (2012)

Digitonin is a natural product of the glycoside family and is a detergent.

Applications Glucocorticoid. Used in chronic asthma and allergic rhinitis. Antiallergic, antiasthmatic (inhalant). Anti-inflammatory (topical). References Malfitan, V.A., et al.: Clin. Ther., 4, 472 (1982), Rao, M., et al.: J. Asthma, 19, 21 (1982), Small, P., et al.: Ann. Allergy, 49, 127 (1982), Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 28, 99 (1984),

Applications A labelled metabolite of Budesonide (B689490), a non-halogenated glucocorticoid related to triamcinolone hexacetonide. Used as an antiinflammatory agent. References Ryrfeldt., A., et a.: J. Steroid Biochem., 10, 317 (1979), Roth, G., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 69, 766 (1980), Edsbaecker, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 15, 412 (1987),

Natural alkaloid

Digoxin is a classical Na,K-ATPase inhibitor, with selectivity for the α2β3 isoform over the common α1β1 isoform, used in the treatment of atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Digoxin and other cardiac glycosides can inhibit hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)α synthesis and block tumor growth.

Stigmasterol, a soy lipid-derived phytosterol, is an antagonist of the bile acid nuclear receptor FXR.

Composed of Lanosterol (~65%), dihydrolanosterol, agnosterol,dihydroagnosterol.Extracted from wool.

Applications Nandrolone Cypionate is a metabolite of nandrolone (N315000) which is an anabolic steroid. References Gradeen, C., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 14, 120 (1990), Teale, P., et al.: Biol. Mass Spectrom., 20, 109 (1991), Yamada, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 45, 125 (2007), Yamada, M., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 32, 387 (2008),

Applications Orally active progestogen; formerly used in combinations as oral contraceptive. References Chang, K., et al.: Steroids 12, 689 (1968),

Hydrocortisone acetate is used to treat hemorrhoids and itching/swelling in the rectum and anus. It is used to treat certain intestinal problems (such as ulcerative colitis of the rectum and other rectal/anal inflammatory conditions). This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

Applications The 17α-metabolite of Equilin (E592800). References Enmark, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 4258 (1997), Wang, Z., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 43, 2419 (2000), Jiang, X., et al.: Steroids, 71, 334 (2006),

Deoxy miroestrol is a phytoestrogen compound, which is primarily sourced from the root of the Pueraria mirifica plant, indigenous to Thailand. Its mode of action involves mimicking the biological activity of estrogen by binding to estrogen receptors in the body. This estrogenic activity is due to its structural similarity to estrogens naturally produced in the body, allowing it to interact with estrogen receptors and modulate their activity. The primary application of deoxy miroestrol is in research contexts related to menopause, estrogen replacement therapy, and breast health. Its ability to mimic estrogen makes it particularly useful in the study of hormone-related conditions and the development of potential therapeutic interventions. As a natural compound with selective estrogen receptor modulating properties, it serves as a vital tool in understanding estrogenic mechanisms and their broader biological effects. Scientists utilize deoxy miroestrol in the investigation of phytoestrogens' role in hormonal balance, reproductive health, and even potential implications in oncology. Its applications extend to various scientific inquiries where modulation of estrogen receptors is relevant.

Impurity Dutateride EP Impurity G Applications 5,6-Dehydro-dutasteride (Dutateride EP Impurity G) is an impurity in the synthesis of Dutasteride (D735000), a dual inhibitor of 5α-reductase isoenzymes type 1 and 2; structurally related to Finasteride (F342000). Dutasteride is used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. References Bakshi, R.K., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 3189 (1995), Gisleskog, P.O., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 47, 53 (1999), Djavan, B., et al.: Expert Opin. Pharmacother., 6, 311 (2005),

Applications 17α-Trenbolone-d3 is the labeled 17α-Trenbolone (T718990) which is a controlled substance (anabolic steroid) and a prohormone of Trenbolone (T719000). References Schanzer, W., et al.: Clin. Chem., 42, 1001 (1996), Kicman, A., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 154, 502 (2008), Fragkaki, A., et al.: Steroids, 74, 172 (2009),

Applications Triamcinolone Acetonide (T767165) impurity. References Laurent, H., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 6, 185 (1975),

Prednisolone is a synthetic corticosteroid, which is a derivative of the natural hormone cortisol. It is derived from the modification of the corticosteroid structure to enhance its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. The mode of action of prednisolone involves binding to glucocorticoid receptors, leading to the modulation of gene expression. This results in the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the inhibition of various immune responses. Prednisolone is commonly used in clinical settings to manage a range of conditions, including autoimmune disorders, allergic reactions, and inflammation-related diseases. It is effective in reducing inflammation, controlling overactive immune responses, and decreasing the production of substances that trigger allergic reactions. Due to its broad applications, prednisolone is frequently prescribed for conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, asthma, and allergies. Its effects are dose-dependent and must be carefully monitored to minimize potential side effects, making it essential for clinicians to tailor regimens to individual patient needs.

Plant hormone

Beclomethasone dipropionate is a synthetic corticosteroid, which is derived from beclomethasone, a glucocorticoid steroid. Its mode of action involves binding to specific intracellular glucocorticoid receptors. This binding modulates the transcription of glucocorticoid-responsive genes, leading to the synthesis of anti-inflammatory proteins and the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. This reduces airway inflammation, edema, and mucus production, and enhances the responsiveness of beta-adrenergic receptors in the bronchial smooth muscle, facilitating bronchodilation. Beclomethasone dipropionate is primarily used in the management and prevention of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Its anti-inflammatory properties are crucial in controlling chronic asthma symptoms, reducing the frequency and severity of asthmatic episodes, and minimizing the need for systemic corticosteroids. Additionally, it can be used in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as part of combination therapy. Administered via inhalation, it ensures targeted action in the respiratory tract, minimizing systemic absorption and thereby reducing potential side effects associated with oral corticosteroid therapy.

Mestranol is a synthetic estrogen, which is derived from chemical synthesis. Its mode of action involves being a prodrug of ethinylestradiol, meaning it is metabolized in the liver to its active form, which then binds to estrogen receptors in target tissues. This binding alters the expression of genes, influencing the reproductive system to prevent ovulation. By inhibiting the release of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) from the pituitary, it effectively halts the maturation of ovarian follicles. Mestranol is prominently utilized in combination oral contraceptives, where it is paired with a progestin. This combination is crucial for preventing pregnancy by providing dual mechanisms of both inhibiting ovulation and inducing changes in cervical mucus and endometrial lining to prevent sperm penetration and implantation. Additionally, mestranol's applications extend to regulating menstrual disorders and managing estrogen deficiency. It plays a significant role in reproductive health, offering a reliable method of contraception as well as therapeutic benefits in hormonal regulation.

Oxygen-heterocyclic compound

Applications Synthetic anabolic steroid related to testosterone.Controlled substance (anabolic steroid). References Campbell, J.A., et al.: Steroids, 1, 317 (1963); Hamlin, W.E., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 54, 1651 (1965); Sokolowski, J.H., et al.: J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 173, 983 (1978),

Natural glycoside