Terpenoids

Natural glycoside

Natural glycoside

Ginsenoside Rg1 is a bioactive compound, which is primarily derived from the roots of Panax ginseng, a traditional medicinal herb. It belongs to the family of ginsenosides, which are glycosylated triterpenoid saponins known for their diverse pharmacological activities. The mechanism of action of Ginsenoside Rg1 involves modulation of various cellular signaling pathways, including the regulation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and inflammation. It also exhibits neuroprotective effects by promoting neuronal growth and differentiation. In scientific research, Ginsenoside Rg1 is extensively studied for its potential applications in neuroprotective therapies, cognitive enhancement, and anti-inflammatory treatments. Moreover, it shows promise in cardiovascular health by modulating endothelial function and influencing lipid metabolism. The compound’s ability to interact with multiple biological systems makes it a subject of interest in integrative medicine and drug development, aiming to exploit its therapeutic potential while elucidating its molecular targets and pathways.

Glycyrrhizin

Natural glycoside

Pseudolaric acid B-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a secondary metabolite, which is a bioactive compound sourced from the bark of the Pseudolarix amabilis, a coniferous tree native to China. It exhibits its mode of action primarily through the disruption of fungal cell integrity and inhibition of fungal growth by interfering with the synthesis of key structural components in the cell wall. This action makes it a potent antifungal agent with secondary antibacterial properties. The uses and applications of Pseudolaric acid B-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside are predominantly found in the field of biomedical research, particularly in exploring novel antifungal therapies. Due to its unique mechanism of action, it provides a potential template for the development of new therapeutic agents targeting resistant fungal strains. Additionally, its structural properties make it of significant interest for studying natural product synthesis and the development of semi-synthetic derivatives. Further investigation into its pharmacokinetics and potential therapeutic efficacy continues to be a focus within medicinal chemistry.

Diosbulbin B is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone, which is derived primarily from the plant Dioscorea bulbifera, commonly known as "air potato" or "bitter yam." As a bioactive compound, Diosbulbin B demonstrates a mode of action that involves the induction of cytotoxicity in malignant cells, primarily through the disruption of microtubule dynamics, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This compound has garnered attention in scientific research due to its potential applications in oncology. Diosbulbin B is studied for its ability to inhibit proliferation in various cancer cell lines, presenting a promising therapeutic approach for antitumor drug development. It is also investigated for its synergistic effects when used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, offering potential enhancements to current cancer treatment regimens. However, the use of Diosbulbin B requires careful evaluation due to its associated hepatotoxicity and other side effects, necessitating further research to optimize its efficacy and safety profile. The ongoing exploration of its mechanisms and applications underscores its significance in the pursuit of novel anticancer therapies.

Lactone

Oxygen-heterocyclic compound

Cucurbitacin D analytical standard provided with w/w absolute assay, to be used for quantitative titration.

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Saikosaponin B is a bioactive compound, classified as a triterpenoid saponin, which is derived from the roots of the Bupleurum chinense plant. It exerts its effects primarily by modulating immune responses and inhibiting inflammatory pathways, including the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Saikosaponin B has shown potential in various pharmacological applications, particularly in the treatment of liver diseases such as hepatitis and liver fibrosis, due to its hepatoprotective effects. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties make it a candidate for managing conditions associated with chronic inflammation, including certain autoimmune diseases. Research into its mechanisms suggests roles in antioxidant activities and modulation of macrophage functions, thus contributing to its therapeutic potential. Scientists are also exploring its use as an adjuvant in enhancing the efficacy of conventional therapies. Overall, Saikosaponin B represents a promising target for further investigation in drug development aimed at addressing complex inflammatory and immune-mediated illnesses.

Incensole acetate is a bioactive diterpene compound, which is a significant constituent of the Boswellia genus, commonly known as frankincense. This compound is primarily derived from the resin of Boswellia species, notably Boswellia sacra. Incensole acetate functions as a psychoactive agent, exhibiting its effects primarily through interactions with ion channels and receptors in the brain, modulating neuroinflammation and possibly influencing synaptic transmission. Research into incensole acetate has illuminated its potential neuropsychological benefits, which include anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, and antidepressant effects. These properties make it a subject of interest in studies related to neurological diseases and mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety. The compound's interaction with brain chemistry positions it as a candidate for further exploration in therapeutic applications aimed at ameliorating symptoms of these conditions. Further scientific investigation is required to comprehensively understand its pharmacodynamics and therapeutic index in human subjects.

Ryanodine receptor effector

(-)-trans-Myrtanol is a type of monoterpenoid, classified as a terpene alcohol. It is primarily derived from essential oils found in various plants, including those in the coniferous and Lauraceae families. Myrtanol is a chiral compound, and its stereochemistry is vital for its biological activities. The mode of action of (-)-trans-Myrtanol involves its interaction with cellular membranes and proteins, where it can influence various biochemical pathways. As a terpene, it may modulate membrane fluidity and affect enzyme activities, impacting processes such as oxidative stress response and signal transduction. In scientific research, (-)-trans-Myrtanol is utilized for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. It serves as a valuable compound in studies exploring natural product chemistry and pharmacology. Additionally, the compound's role as a fragrance component is investigated in the context of olfactory science. The study of (-)-trans-Myrtanol contributes to the understanding of terpene biochemistry and its potential therapeutic applications.

Applications 13-Oxyingenol Dodecanoate is a diterpene compound with antinematodal activity. Derivative of Ingenol (I655795), the analogue of Ingenol 3-Angelate (I655800), which has anti-tumor activity when used topically for the treatment of actinic keratosis. References Shi, J. et al.: Z. Naturforsch. C: J. Biosci., 63, 59 (2008); Ogbourne, S.M., et al.: Cancer. Res., 64, 2833 (2004); Zayed, S.M., et al.: J. Cancer. Res. Clin. Oncol., 127, 40 (2001);

Friedelin analytical standard provided with w/w absolute assay, to be used for quantitative titration.

Cyclic alcohol

Aromatic hydrocarbon

Selective antibacterial and anti-inflammtory activity; uterine relaxant

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Euphol analytical standard provided with chromatographic purity, to be used as reference material for qualitative determination.

Applications α-Copaene is a tricyclic sesquiterpenes and can be extracted from the oil of S. aethiopis. It also exhibit anti-plasmodial activity against P. falciparum in culture. References Boyom, F. F., et al.: Phytochemistry 64, 1269 (2003); Rustaiyan, A., et al.: Flavour Frag. J 14, 276 (1999)

Lactone

Natural glycoside

Lactone

Curcumol is a bioactive compound, which is a sesquiterpenoid alcohol primarily extracted from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma wenyujin, a member of the Zingiberaceae family. The source plant is native to parts of Asia and has been traditionally used in herbal medicine. The mode of action of Curcumol involves modulation of multiple biochemical pathways, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. It has been observed to influence cellular signaling cascades that regulate apoptosis, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis, making it a compound of interest in oncology research. Curcumol has shown potential applications in various therapeutic areas. It is noteworthy in cancer research, where it has demonstrated cytotoxic effects on certain cancer cell lines, suggesting its utility as a complementary compound in cancer therapy. Besides its anticancer potential, Curcumol is investigated for its hepatoprotective effects, offering protection against liver damage by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation. Active research is ongoing to explore its full range of applications, underlying mechanisms, and potential synergies with other therapeutic agents.

Secondary plant metabolite with antimicrobial properties produced in response to plant infection and exposure to UV light. This diterpenoid phytoalexin is found in rice (Oryza sativa).

Valencene is a sesquiterpene, which is a naturally occurring terpenoid hydrocarbon. It is primarily sourced from the essential oils of citrus fruits, particularly Valencia oranges. Its mode of action involves its volatile nature, which contributes to its distinctive, sweet, citrusy aroma. Valencene is often synthesized or extracted using advanced biotechnological methods, ensuring high purity and consistency. Valencene's applications span multiple scientific and industrial domains. In the flavor and fragrance industry, it is valued for its ability to enhance citrus notes in perfumes and food products. Its aroma profile makes it a preferred ingredient in formulating natural flavors and fragrances. Additionally, in the field of agriculture, valencene shows potential as a natural pest-repellent due to its olfactory properties. Recent studies also indicate its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting promising applications in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Researchers continue to explore its environmental interactions and broader ecological impacts, contributing to the sustainable utilization of bioactive terpenes.

Lactone

Sapindoside A is a bioactive saponin, which is a glycoside compound. It is derived from the fruit pericarp of Sapindus species, commonly known as soapberries or soapnuts. These are traditionally utilized for their natural surfactant properties due to the presence of saponins, which form stable foams when agitated in water. The mode of action of Sapindoside A involves its interaction with cellular membranes, where it disrupts the lipid bilayer, enhancing permeability and leading to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. This interaction is particularly effective against various pathogens, providing a dual function of removing debris and inhibiting microbial growth. In scientific research, Sapindoside A is studied extensively for its potential applications in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Its role as an anti-inflammatory agent makes it a candidate for alleviating conditions like dermatitis and potentially modulating inflammatory pathways. Additionally, due to its antimicrobial activity, it is of interest in developing natural preservatives or treatments for skin infections. Overall, Sapindoside A presents a promising avenue for therapeutic and cosmetic development due to its unique biological properties.

Lactone

Nigranoic acid is a triterpenoid compound, which is derived from the seeds of Schisandra species, a type of plant known for its medicinal properties. It is particularly abundant in Schisandra chinensis, commonly used in traditional medicine systems. The mode of action of nigranoic acid involves modulation of inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress. It has shown the ability to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, mediating its potential therapeutic effects. Nigranoic acid is utilized in various research domains, including pharmacology and medicinal chemistry, due to its promising anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Scientists are exploring its applications in developing treatments for inflammatory diseases and conditions associated with oxidative stress. This compound's ability to influence key molecular pathways highlights its potential as a candidate for further drug development and therapeutic interventions.

27-Deoxyactein is a triterpene glycoside, which is primarily derived from the roots of the black cohosh plant, Cimicifuga racemosa. This compound is extracted through meticulous phytochemical processes aimed at isolating active constituents from the plant material. The mode of action of 27-Deoxyactein involves modulating estrogenic activity and interacting with specific cellular pathways to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Additionally, it has been shown to impact bone metabolism and immune function in various in vitro and in vivo studies. In scientific research, 27-Deoxyactein is explored for its potential use in addressing menopausal symptoms due to its phytoestrogenic properties. It also offers promising avenues in the fields of oncology and rheumatology by potentially mitigating symptoms associated with hormonal imbalances and inflammatory conditions. Its application extends to experimental pharmacology where it is utilized to better understand the molecular mechanisms of natural compounds. Overall, 27-Deoxyactein serves as a notable compound in the study of plant-derived therapeutic agents, offering insights into alternative and complementary medicine approaches.

Natural glycoside

Natural glycoside

Carboxylic acid with phenol function

Natural glycoside

Betulin diacetate analytical standard provided with chromatographic purity, to be used as reference material for qualitative determination.

Natural glycoside

Lactone