Terpenoids

Effusanin E is a specialized natural compound that falls under the category of secondary metabolites. It is derived from microorganisms, specifically isolated from bacterial sources, which include soil-dwelling bacteria known for their unique biosynthetic capabilities. This compound's mode of action primarily involves inhibiting the growth of certain pathogenic bacteria. It achieves this by disrupting vital bacterial processes, potentially targeting aspects of cell wall synthesis or protein production, although the exact mechanisms may vary and require further elucidation. Effusanin E has garnered significant interest in scientific research, primarily due to its potential applications in the field of antimicrobial drug development. It serves as a promising candidate for exploring new antibiotic therapies, especially in the context of rising antibiotic resistance. Its structural complexity and unique biological activities make it a subject of intense study, as researchers aim to characterize its bioactivity and assess its efficacy against resistant bacterial strains. Continued research may reveal novel therapeutic pathways and further applications in medical and pharmaceutical fields.

Carboxylic acid with phenol function

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Lactone

Glycyrrhizinate

Carvacrol is a natural phenolic compound that has a strong antimicrobial activity. It is also used as an antioxidant and flavoring agent in food and pharmaceuticals. Carvacrol inhibits the growth of oral bacteria by inhibiting the synthesis of lipids, proteins, and DNA. Carvacrol has been shown to inhibit the production of intracellular Ca2+ levels and cytosolic Ca2+, which are required for bacterial cell division. The water-soluble form of carvacrol has been shown to be more potent than its oil-soluble counterpart because it can penetrate cells more easily. Carvacrol has been shown to have anticancer properties, although it is not yet approved as a therapeutic drug for this use. These anticancer properties may be due to inhibition of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or eugenol, a substance found in caraway seeds that may have antimicrobial properties.

Lactone

Escin IA is a potent anti-inflammatory agent, which is a natural compound extracted from the seeds of the horse chestnut tree (Aesculus hippocastanum). This triterpenoid saponin operates by enhancing blood circulation and reducing capillary permeability through the stabilization of endothelial barriers. Additionally, it exhibits anti-edematous and venotonic activities by modifying vascular wall integrity and decreasing inflammatory mediators. Escin IA is widely utilized in biomedical research for its therapeutic potential in the management of chronic venous insufficiency, edema, and associated conditions. Its unique mechanism of action provides an intriguing area of study for scientists exploring vascular health, anti-inflammatory strategies, and natural therapeutic compounds. The ongoing research continues to validate its efficacy and explore broader applications in vascular and inflammatory disorders.

Cyclic alcohol

Natural glycoside

8(17)14-Labdadien-13-ol is a labdane diterpenoid, a specific type of terpenoid compound. It is derived from the Sitka spruce, scientifically known as Picea sitchensis. This compound is notable for its antifungal properties, making it a focal point in studies examining natural plant defense mechanisms. The mode of action involves the inhibition of fungal growth by disrupting fungal cell membranes or interfering with essential fungal enzyme systems, although the precise mechanisms may vary with different fungal targets. Researchers are particularly interested in 8(17)14-Labdadien-13-ol due to its potential applications in developing natural antifungal agents or biopesticides, which could offer environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic chemicals. Furthermore, its role in the ecological interactions between Picea sitchensis and its surrounding biota is of significant interest, providing insights into plant resilience and adaptation strategies. The study of such compounds aids in understanding not only plant biology but also in the potential advancement of agricultural and pharmaceutical fields.

Cyclic alcohol

Natural glycoside

Natural glycoside

Natural glycoside

Forskolin analytical standard provided with w/w absolute assay, to be used for quantitative titration.

Natural glycoside

Dehydrokahweol is a diterpene molecule, which is a natural compound found in coffee beans. Identified as one of the diterpenes present in coffee, dehydrokahweol is derived from plant sources, specifically Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. The mode of action of dehydrokahweol involves various biochemical pathways, including modulation of oxidative stress and potential anti-inflammatory activities. This compound is under investigation for its ability to influence cellular signaling pathways that may impact metabolic and immunological responses. Dehydrokahweol’s uses and applications are primarily centered around its potential health benefits, which are the subject of ongoing research. Studies suggest that this molecule may contribute to the protective effects associated with coffee consumption, such as reduced risk of certain chronic diseases. Research is exploring its role in influencing metabolic functions and potential neuroprotective properties. Understanding dehydrokahweol’s mechanisms of action and applications could provide insights into the development of therapeutics targeting oxidative stress-related conditions.

Natural glycoside

Uvaol analytical standard provided with w/w absolute assay, to be used for quantitative titration.

Acyclic aldehyde

Aldehyde phenol

Alicyclic monobasic carboxylic acid

Caulophyllogenin analytical standard provided with w/w absolute assay, to be used for quantitative titration.

Parthenolide is a sesquiterpene lactone, which is a bioactive compound derived from the plant species Tanacetum parthenium, commonly known as feverfew. This compound is primarily isolated from the aerial parts of the plant, where it is found in highest concentrations within the flowers and leaves. Parthenolide exerts its effects through several biochemical pathways, including the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, which plays a critical role in inflammatory and immune responses. Additionally, it disrupts the activity of certain kinases and modulates the expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. The uses and applications of Parthenolide are diverse, with significant interest in its potential therapeutic properties. It is being explored in preclinical studies for its anti-inflammatory effects, often targeting conditions such as arthritis and migraines. Moreover, Parthenolide shows promise in oncological research, where it is being investigated for its ability to induce cancer cell apoptosis and enhance the efficacy of existing chemotherapy drugs. Despite its promising pharmacological profile, further research is required to fully elucidate its mechanisms and optimize its clinical applications.

Lactone

Carboxylic acid with alcohol function

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Carboxylic acid with additional oxygen functions

Carboxylic acid with additional oxygen functions

Natural glycoside

Natural glycoside

Lactone

Natural glycoside

10-epi-Elemol is a sesquiterpene alcohol, which is derived from natural plant sources, primarily obtained through the essential oils of particular species. Its molecular structure includes a complex arrangement of carbon rings and an alcohol group, characterizing it as a prominent component among sesquiterpenes. The compound's mode of action is primarily related to its biochemical properties as a hydrophobic molecule, allowing it to interact with various organic compounds and cellular structures. This interaction often leads to modifications in the behavior of cell membranes and receptors, rendering 10-epi-Elemol a subject of interest in studies of cellular signaling pathways and microbial interactions. The uses and applications of 10-epi-Elemol are diverse, particularly in the fields of fragrance and pharmacological research. In perfumery, its scent profile contributes to woody and earthy notes, enhancing olfactory compositions. Additionally, ongoing research investigates its potential benefits in antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and therapeutic settings. The exploration of its pharmacological properties positions it as a candidate for developing novel bioactive compounds. Further studies on 10-epi-Elemol continue to explore its applications, deepening our understanding of its role in natural product chemistry and potential utility in diverse scientific fields.

Natural glycoside

Beta-Caryophyllene is a bicyclic sesquiterpene, which is a natural product found in essential oils derived from various plants, including black pepper, cloves, and cannabis. This compound is characterized by its unique ability to selectively bind to cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), acting as a full agonist. Unlike typical cannabinoids, beta-Caryophyllene does not interact substantially with CB1 receptors, making it non-psychoactive. The mode of action of beta-Caryophyllene involves the activation of CB2 receptors, which are predominantly expressed in peripheral tissues and immune cells. This activation leads to a cascade of anti-inflammatory and analgesic responses, providing a basis for its therapeutic potential in managing conditions such as inflammatory disorders, pain, and some neurodegenerative diseases. In scientific applications, beta-Caryophyllene is studied for its role in modulating inflammation and providing analgesia without the central nervous system effects associated with other cannabinoids. Further research explores its potential in enhancing the effectiveness of other therapeutic agents and its impact on gut health by interacting with the gut microbiota. Its natural origin and specific CB2 receptor activity make it a compound of interest in the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

Momordicine I is a bioactive compound classified as a triterpenoid. It is derived from the fruit of the plant Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter melon, which is native to tropical and subtropical regions. The action mechanism of Momordicine I involves modulation of various signaling pathways, particularly those related to metabolic and cancer-related processes. It can influence insulin signaling pathways, contributing to glucose homeostasis, and exhibits potential inhibitory effects on tumorigenesis by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation in cancer cells. Momordicine I finds applications in the field of medicinal research, primarily for its potential therapeutic effects in managing diabetes and cancer. Its antidiabetic properties make it a subject of interest for developing alternative treatments for type 2 diabetes, given its ability to enhance insulin sensitivity and lower blood glucose levels. Furthermore, its anticancer potential, demonstrated in preclinical studies, supports its exploration in chemopreventive strategies. Ongoing research is needed to fully elucidate its mechanism of action and therapeutic efficacy, which could pave the way for novel therapeutic agents derived from natural products.

Loganin is a bioactive iridoid compound, which is a type of secondary metabolite typically found in plants. It is primarily derived from sources such as the genera Strychnos and Gentiana, among others. Loganin operates through various biological pathways, influencing enzymatic and receptor activities that contribute to its pharmacological effects. These activities include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective actions, making Loganin a compound of interest in several areas of medical research. In scientific studies, Loganin has been investigated for its potential applications in treating conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, due to its ability to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation in neural tissues. Furthermore, its role in modulating glucose and lipid metabolism presents additional applications in metabolic disorder research. The diverse biofunctional properties of Loganin underscore its utility in therapeutic exploration, warranting further research into its mechanisms and possible clinical benefits.

Cycloartanol is a triterpenoid alcohol, which is primarily derived from plant sources, particularly from the cell membranes of various plant species. As a phytosterol, it plays a critical role in the stabilization of cell membranes and serves as a precursor in the biosynthesis of more complex steroidal compounds. The mode of action of cycloartanol involves its integration into lipid bilayers, contributing to membrane fluidity and integrity, and potentially interacting with various biochemical pathways within the plant systems. In scientific research, cycloartanol is studied for its potential biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant properties, although further studies are necessary to elucidate these effects fully. Its applications span various fields, including pharmacology, where it is of interest for developing novel therapeutic agents, and agricultural sciences, where its role in plant resilience and adaptation is examined. Understanding the complex interactions of cycloartanol within biological membranes and its downstream effects remains a vibrant area of research with implications for both plant biology and human health.

Carboxylic acid with alcohol function

Iriversical is a synthetic compound, which is derived from a combination of bioactive organic molecules. It operates through intricate biochemical interactions, specifically targeting cellular pathways involved in signal transduction. These interactions are facilitated by the compound's affinity for binding sites on specific enzymes, thereby modulating their activity. The uses of Iriversical are primarily centered within research settings. It serves as an investigative tool for studying cellular responses and molecular mechanisms underlying various physiological processes. Its application extends to in vitro studies aimed at elucidating the pathways involved in cell development, differentiation, and apoptosis. Moreover, Iriversical is instrumental in drug discovery research, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets by modulating key signaling networks. Its reliable binding specificity makes it an invaluable asset for exploration within molecular biology and biochemistry domains, facilitating advanced research endeavors and contributing to the broader understanding of complex biological systems.

Sabinene is a bicyclic monoterpene, which is a volatile organic compound typically derived from the essential oils of various plants, including Norway spruce and some culinary herbs like black pepper, nutmeg, and tea tree. It is characterized by its distinct spicy and woody aroma, contributing to the complex bouquet of these plant essences. The mode of action of Sabinene involves its interaction with biological membranes and potential modulation of enzymatic pathways, which can lead to antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. Its chemical structure enables it to disrupt the lipid bilayer of microbial cell membranes, impairing cell integrity and function. Additionally, as an antioxidant, Sabinene can scavenge free radicals, offering protective benefits against oxidative stress. Sabinene finds applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics. In pharmaceuticals, it's investigated for its potential contributions to anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial formulations. In the food industry, it serves as a flavoring agent due to its distinctive aroma and taste. Meanwhile, in cosmetics, Sabinene is valued for its fragrance and potential skincare benefits, particularly its antioxidant properties which can enhance product efficacy.

Congmunoside V is a triterpenoid saponin, which is a bioactive compound isolated from the plant Gynostemma pentaphyllum, also known as Jiaogulan. This plant is traditionally recognized in herbal medicine and is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, primarily found in East Asia. Triterpenoid saponins are a class of chemical compounds composed of a sapogenin (triterpene) attached to sugar moieties, which confer a variety of biological activities. Congmunoside V exerts its effects primarily through modulation of various biochemical pathways. It may alter cellular signaling related to immunity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Its saponin structure allows it to interact with cell membranes, potentially affecting permeability and cell signaling cascades. The applications of Congmunoside V are of considerable interest in the fields of pharmacology and nutraceuticals due to its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Research continues to explore its efficacy in mitigating conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Studies are ongoing to fully elucidate its mechanism of action and therapeutic potential, which can contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.