Terpenoids

Betulinic acid methylester analytical standard provided with w/w absolute assay, to be used for quantitative titration.

Natural glycoside

Acetic acid ester

Natural glycoside

Natural glycoside

Ginsenoside F11 is a saponin compound, which is a bioactive component derived from Panax quinquefolius, commonly known as American ginseng. This compound is extracted from the roots of the plant, where it naturally occurs as part of its complex phytochemical profile. Ginsenoside F11 acts through multiple biochemical pathways, primarily by modulating neurotransmitter systems and exhibiting antioxidant properties. It influences cellular mechanisms by interacting with specific receptors and enzymes, thereby affecting signal transduction processes. Ginsenoside F11 is researched for its potential neuroprotective effects, where it may play a role in mitigating neurodegenerative disorders. It has been studied for its ability to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in neural tissues. Additionally, it may offer benefits in cognitive function and has been explored for its implications in conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Researchers continue to investigate its pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential, making it a subject of interest in both basic and applied biomedical sciences.

Lactone

Carboxylic acid with alcohol function

Cyclic alcohol

Daucene is a sesquiterpene lactone, which is isolated from plant sources, particularly from certain species of the Apiaceae family. It functions through modulating cellular pathways, primarily by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway and inducing apoptosis in cancerous cells. This biochemical mode of action demonstrates Daucene's potential in disrupting cancer cell proliferation and promoting cell cycle arrest. The primary applications of Daucene are in the field of oncology, where it is studied for its potential to enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapies, either as a monotherapy or in combination with existing chemotherapeutic agents. Its ability to selectively target cancer cells while minimizing the impact on normal cells is a significant focus of ongoing research. Daucene is particularly being investigated in preclinical studies for its efficacy against various tumor types, offering a promising avenue for the development of more targeted and less toxic cancer treatments.

Ginsenoside Rd is a bioactive compound, classified as a saponin, which is derived from the roots of Panax ginseng. This ginsenoside is a dammarane-type triterpenoid saponin and is one of the major active components found in ginseng extracts. The mode of action of Ginsenoside Rd involves multiple biochemical pathways, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. It modulates signaling pathways such as MAPK and PI3K/Akt, resulting in diverse biological activities. Ginsenoside Rd exhibits a wide range of pharmacological uses and applications. It has been extensively studied for its potential neuroprotective effects, showing promise in ameliorating neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Additionally, Ginsenoside Rd has been investigated for its cardiovascular protective effects, contributing to improved heart function and reduced ischemic damage. Research also suggests potential anti-cancer properties, with studies highlighting its ability to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. Overall, Ginsenoside Rd is of significant interest in the scientific community for its multifaceted therapeutic applications, underscoring its importance in pharmacological research.

Chrysanthellin A analytical standard provided with w/w absolute assay, to be used for quantitative titration.

Saikosaponin D is a bioactive compound, specifically a triterpenoid saponin, which is derived from the roots of Bupleurum species, plants commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. Its mode of action involves modulating key pathways in inflammation and apoptosis. This compound targets cellular mechanisms by interacting with inflammatory mediators and apoptotic proteins, thereby influencing immune responses and cellular survival. Saikosaponin D is extensively studied for its potential therapeutic uses. Its applications include acting as an anti-inflammatory agent, an immunomodulator, and possessing hepatoprotective properties. It has shown promising effects in experimental models of liver disease, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. Research highlights its ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and pathways such as NF-kB, which are critical in inflammatory disease progression. Furthermore, its role in apoptosis makes it a subject of interest in cancer therapy research, where it may help sensitize cancer cells to treatments or induce programmed cell death in malignant cells. Overall, Saikosaponin D represents an important natural product with broad pharmacological applications warranting further investigation.

Bayogenin is a steroidal sapogenin, which is a bioactive compound originating from plant sources such as certain species of the Dioscorea genus (wild yams). It is primarily extracted through processes that involve saponin hydrolysis to yield the sapogenin itself. Bayogenin, like other sapogenins, serves as a precursor in the synthesis of steroidal compounds. Its mode of action involves serving as a substrate in organic synthesis, where it facilitates the production of various steroidal drugs and hormones. In terms of its uses and applications, Bayogenin is integral in biochemical and pharmaceutical research. It is frequently employed in laboratories to investigate steroidal biosynthesis pathways and to synthesize compounds for medicinal purposes, including corticosteroids and sex hormones. Moreover, understanding the properties and reactions of Bayogenin contributes to advancements in synthetic biology and phytochemistry. Its role is crucial in the development of methods to create bioidentical hormonal therapies and anti-inflammatory agents, reflecting its significance in the pursuit of novel therapeutic interventions.

Natural glycoside

Ginsenoside Rg2 is a bioactive compound, which is a saponin derived from the roots of Panax ginseng, a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine. Its primary mode of action involves modulating various signaling pathways and protecting nerve cells by influencing the expression of specific genes related to neuronal function. Ginsenoside Rg2 has been shown to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, thereby playing a potential role in neuroprotection. In scientific studies, Ginsenoside Rg2 is investigated for its ability to enhance cognitive functions and provide protective effects against neurodegenerative diseases. Its efficacy in modulating synaptic plasticity and reducing oxidative stress makes it a promising candidate for further research in the field of neuroscience. Researchers are interested in its potential applications in treating conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other cognitive dysfunctions. Overall, Ginsenoside Rg2 represents a significant area of interest for scientists exploring natural compounds with therapeutic potential in neuropharmacology.

Natural glycoside

Gamma-Himachalene is a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, which is primarily sourced from the essential oils of certain plants, such as cedarwood. As a naturally occurring compound, its biosynthesis within the plant involves the cyclization of isoprenoid units, which gives rise to its unique chemical structure. This process is typically mediated by enzymes that facilitate the formation of various terpene compounds. The mode of action of Gamma-Himachalene involves its interaction at the cellular level, where it may exhibit bioactive properties such as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Its activity is often attributed to its ability to modulate biochemical pathways and influence cell membrane integrity. Gamma-Himachalene is used extensively in scientific research due to its potential therapeutic applications. It is investigated for its role in pharmaceuticals, particularly for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, it finds applications in the fragrance and flavor industries due to its distinctive aromatic profile, contributing to the scent of various formulations and products. The exploration of its bioactive properties continues to be a significant area of interest in natural product chemistry and pharmacology.

trans-Hydroxydavanone is a naturally occurring compound, which is a sesquiterpenoid ketone derived from the Artemisia species. It is characterized by its unique molecular structure that includes a hydroxyl group, contributing to its distinctive biochemical properties. The source of trans-Hydroxydavanone lies primarily in various species of the Artemisia plant, which are known for their diverse range of secondary metabolites. The mode of action of trans-Hydroxydavanone involves its role as an antioxidant, where it effectively scavenges free radicals and inhibits oxidative stress. This action is facilitated by the compound’s ability to donate electrons to unstable molecules, thereby stabilizing them and preventing cellular damage. In terms of its applications, trans-Hydroxydavanone is of particular interest in the fields of pharmacology and cosmetic science. Its antioxidant properties make it a valuable candidate for formulating skincare products aimed at reducing oxidative damage to the skin. Additionally, it holds potential as an anti-inflammatory agent, which could be explored for therapeutic applications in managing inflammatory disorders. The insights into its biochemical pathways continue to be an area of active research, offering promising avenues for future exploration.

Platycodin D2 is a bioactive saponin, which is a phytochemical compound found predominantly in the roots of Platycodon grandiflorus, a species commonly known as the Chinese bellflower. This compound is known for its surfactant properties due to its ability to form stable foams when dissolved in aqueous solutions. The mode of action of Platycodin D2 involves interaction with cell membranes, where it can disrupt lipid bilayers, leading to increased cell permeability. This property is crucial for its potential therapeutic effects, as it can facilitate the delivery of other pharmacologically active compounds across cellular barriers. In scientific research, Platycodin D2 is explored for its various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and immune-modulatory activities. Its capacity to alter membrane dynamics is under investigation for applications in drug delivery systems, leveraging its ability to enhance the bioavailability of co-administered agents. Additionally, there is ongoing research on its potential role in modulating apoptotic pathways, which is of particular interest for developing novel anticancer therapies. Scientists are actively studying its molecular interactions and pathways to harness its bioactive properties for medical applications.

Lactone

Natural glycoside

Lactone

Eupalinolide K is a sesquiterpene lactone, which is a type of naturally occurring compound. This compound is sourced primarily from Eupatorium lindleyanum, a plant known for its medicinal properties and commonly found in certain regions of Asia. Eupalinolide K functions by inhibiting specific pathways within the inflammatory response at the molecular level. This action is believed to involve modulation of NF-κB signaling, a critical regulator of immune and inflammatory responses. The primary uses and applications of Eupalinolide K are within the realm of experimental pharmacology and medicinal chemistry, particularly focusing on its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent. Its structural properties and mechanism make it a compound of interest in the development of new therapeutic agents aimed at treating inflammatory diseases. Research into Eupalinolide K may provide further insights into its potential clinical applications and help in the design of novel drugs with improved efficacy and specificity.

Natural glycoside

Deltoidin is a cutting-edge biochemical compound, which is developed through intricate synthetic processes involving organic precursors. It functions by interacting at the molecular level with specific biochemical pathways, thereby modulating cellular responses precisely and effectively. This mode of action makes it highly valuable for targeted research applications where specific cellular mechanisms need to be studied or manipulated. The uses of Deltoidin extend primarily to advanced scientific research, particularly in areas such as cellular biology and molecular pharmacology. Its precise modulatory capabilities allow researchers to investigate cellular processes with high specificity, facilitating discoveries in signal transduction, gene expression, and metabolic pathways. By providing insights into complex biological systems, Deltoidin serves as an essential tool in elucidating mechanisms that underpin fundamental cellular functions and potentially broadening the horizon for innovative therapeutic strategies.

Isoasiaticoside is a triterpenoid saponin, which is a bioactive compound derived from the plant *Centella asiatica*. This compound is known for its mode of action that involves modulating collagen synthesis and promoting fibroblast proliferation. It plays a significant role in enhancing wound healing and improving the structural integrity of the skin matrix by increasing the production of Type I collagen. In scientific applications, isoasiaticoside is extensively studied for its potential in dermatological formulations. It is utilized for its skin-calming properties, making it beneficial in the treatment of scars, burns, and other dermal injuries. Furthermore, its anti-inflammatory effects contribute to its application in managing inflammatory skin disorders. Due to its ability to enhance cellular turnover and repair, isoasiaticoside is an area of interest for developing new therapeutic agents targeting skin regeneration and anti-aging. Its efficacy and safety profiles are a focal point in ongoing research to better understand and harness its full potential in medical and cosmetic dermatology.

Natural glycoside

Saikosaponin B1 is a triterpenoid saponin, which is primarily derived from the roots of Bupleurum species, particularly Bupleurum falcatum. This bioactive compound exhibits a plethora of pharmacological activities through various modes of action, including modulation of immune responses and inhibition of inflammatory pathways. It interacts with cellular components to influence signal transduction mechanisms that are crucial in the pathophysiology of various diseases. Research has demonstrated its potential applications in the treatment of inflammatory and immune-related conditions due to its ability to suppress the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mitigate oxidative stress. Additionally, Saikosaponin B1 has shown promise in antiviral therapies, as it can interfere with viral replication processes. Its diverse capabilities make it a compound of significant interest in the development of novel therapeutic agents.

Carboxylic acid with alcohol function

Oxygen-heterocyclic compound

Ginsenoside Re is a naturally occurring saponin, which is a bioactive compound sourced primarily from the root of Panax ginseng. It operates through multiple biochemical pathways, including the modulation of immune responses, anti-inflammatory effects, and protective antioxidant activities. Ginsenoside Re exerts its actions by interacting with cellular receptors, influencing signaling pathways such as the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, ultimately impacting gene expression and cellular responses. The compound is extensively utilized in pharmacological research for its potential therapeutic benefits. It is investigated for roles in enhancing cognitive function, promoting cardiovascular health, and mitigating oxidative stress-related damage. Ginsenoside Re is also studied for its possible antidiabetic properties and as a supportive agent in cancer therapy. Its diverse biological activities make it a significant subject of interest in the development of novel therapeutic agents targeting a range of health conditions.

Bilobalide is a sesquiterpene trilactone, which is a secondary metabolite isolated from the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree. The source of bilobalide, Ginkgo biloba, is one of the oldest tree species, extensively studied for its wide array of bioactive compounds. Bilobalide exerts its mode of action predominantly through modulation of various neurotransmitter systems and protection against neuronal injury. It has demonstrated the ability to antagonize the GABAA receptor and inhibit excitotoxicity related to excessive glutamate release, thereby providing neuroprotective effects. The uses and applications of bilobalide are primarily centered around its potential therapeutic roles in neurodegenerative conditions. It is notably researched for its efficacy in ameliorating symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of cognitive decline. Additionally, bilobalide has shown prospective benefits in enhancing microcirculation and protecting neuronal cells from oxidative stress-induced damage. The compound continues to be a subject of extensive pharmacological investigations to further elucidate its mechanisms and expand its applications in neurological and potentially other systemic diseases.

Costus lactone is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone, which is derived from the roots of the plant Saussurea lappa, commonly known as costus. This sesquiterpene is a secondary metabolite that exhibits various bioactive properties. Costus lactone achieves its effects primarily through interactions with microbial cell membranes and can inhibit growth and replication by disrupting cellular processes crucial to microbial survival. In scientific research, Costus lactone has shown potential applications due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Its ability to act as an antimicrobial agent is particularly significant in the study of phytochemicals and their role in alternative treatments. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties make it a candidate for use in therapies targeting inflammatory diseases. Given its potential bioactivity, Costus lactone is an area of interest for ongoing research in pharmacology and natural product chemistry where its efficacy and safety continue to be systematically investigated.

Polyphenol

Oxygen-heterocyclic compound

Muzigadial is a sesquiterpene dialdehyde, which is a type of natural product isolated from the plant Myristica ceylanica. This compound is characterized by its biogenically derived structural complexity that confers an array of bioactive properties. It operates primarily through its interaction with biological membranes and proteins, leading to disruptions in cellular processes and inhibition of microbial growth. The applications of Muzigadial are diverse, spanning ecological, agricultural, and potentially pharmaceutical domains. In ecological settings, it serves as a potent natural insecticidal and antifungal agent, forming part of the plant's innate defense mechanisms. Agriculturally, its abilities can be harnessed to develop eco-friendly pest management strategies, reducing the reliance on synthetic chemicals. Furthermore, its unique structural properties are under exploration for pharmaceutical applications, where it may contribute to the development of new antimicrobial or anticancer agents. By studying Muzigadial, scientists can deepen their understanding of plant-based chemical defenses and explore novel avenues for biotechnological innovations.

2'-Hydroxylupalbigenin is a naturally occurring flavonoid, which is isolated from the plant species Lupinus. This compound is characterized by its hydroxylated structure, which contributes to its diverse bioactivities. Flavonoids, as a class of polyphenolic compounds, are well-known for their potential roles in plant defense and have significant pharmacological profiles. The mode of action of 2'-Hydroxylupalbigenin primarily involves its interaction with cellular pathways, possibly through modulation of enzyme activity or receptor binding, leading to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or antimicrobial effects. This compound's efficacy is attributed to its ability to stabilize free radicals and inhibit oxidative stress, although specific pathways remain subjects of ongoing research. Research on 2'-Hydroxylupalbigenin focuses on its potential applications in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and functional foods. Scientists are particularly interested in its use as a lead compound in drug discovery and design, given its pharmacological effects and natural abundance. Additionally, its role in enhancing health benefits when included in dietary formulations is being explored for preventative healthcare applications. Continued studies are necessary to fully elucidate its mechanisms and broader applicability in various scientific fields.

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Alpha-terpineol is a terpene alcohol that exhibits cytotoxic effects on cells. It has been shown to cause cell lysis in both bacteria and mammalian cells, which may be due to its reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Alpha-terpineol is also an effective agent against infectious diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria. This molecule has a high resistance to chemical degradation, making it a promising anticancer agent. Alpha-terpineol can inhibit the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by binding to the enzyme DNA polymerase, thereby preventing the synthesis of DNA molecules. It can also bind to the enzyme RNA polymerase and inhibit the transcription of mRNA into protein molecules. Lastly, alpha-terpineol is known for its genotoxic effects in vivo and in vitro. The genotoxicity of alpha-terpineol has been demonstrated using several different methods including electron microscopy, chemical stability assays, surface methodology experiments on kidney bean extract,

Desmethylfrutescin is an active metabolite of the plant-derived alkaloid Argyranthemum frutescens. It is a secondary metabolite found in the leaves and flowers of this plant species. Desmethylfrutescin has been isolated from the leaves and flowers of Argyranthemum frutescens, which is also known as Marguerite. This compound has been shown to have inhibitory activity against human cytochrome P450 enzymes and may be used as a reference standard for HPLC analyses.

Lactone

Natural glycoside

Strigolactone GR24 is a synthetic analog of strigolactones, which are a class of plant hormones derived from the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. These compounds play a critical role in plant development and interaction with the environment. Strigolactone GR24 functions by mimicking the action of natural strigolactones, influencing plant architecture and facilitating communication with symbiotic organisms. In terms of its mode of action, Strigolactone GR24 operates by modulating the signaling pathways associated with plant growth and development. It interacts with specific receptors to regulate processes such as shoot branching, root growth, and the establishment of symbiotic relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and parasitic plants. The uses and applications of Strigolactone GR24 are predominantly in scientific research. Researchers utilize this compound to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying plant hormone signaling and to understand the ecological interactions between plants and their associated microbial communities. Additionally, it serves as a valuable tool in agricultural studies aimed at improving crop yields and resistance to parasitic weeds. By providing insights into strigolactone function, GR24 supports advancements in both fundamental plant biology and applied agricultural sciences.

(+)-Aromadendrene is a sesquiterpene, which is a type of hydrocarbon compound found in the essential oils of various plants, particularly those within the Myrtaceae family. This compound is primarily sourced from the leaves and branches of Eucalyptus species, where it contributes to the plant’s aromatic profile. In terms of its mode of action, (+)-Aromadendrene is believed to participate in biological activities due to its structure, which allows it to interact with cell membranes and potentially impact various signaling pathways. Its lipophilic nature enables it to easily permeate biological membranes, facilitating its interaction with cellular components, thereby influencing physiological and possibly therapeutic effects. The compound is often researched for its potential applications in pharmacology and cosmaceuticals. Its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties make it a candidate for studies focused on natural product-based treatments and therapies. Additionally, its role as a fragrance component is explored in the context of enhancing the olfactory properties of consumer and industrial products. Further investigations into its exact mechanisms and broader applications remain a promising area of study in natural product chemistry.

(-)-Vinigrol is a naturally occurring diterpenoid, which is originally isolated from the fungal species Virgaria nigra, known for its complex stereochemistry and unique structure. It functions as a bioactive compound with multiple mechanisms of action, including modulation of signal transduction pathways and inhibition of specific enzymes, contributing to its broad spectrum of biological activities. The compound's intricate mechanism involves interactions with cellular pathways, such as those related to inflammation, and it has shown potential in modulating immune responses. Its applications span diverse fields, with ongoing research exploring its therapeutic potential, particularly due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, and immunosuppressive properties. In scientific studies, (-)-Vinigrol serves as a valuable molecule for probing biological processes and has inspired synthetic chemists to develop efficient methods for its total synthesis, which further aids in examining its pharmacological properties. Its unique structure and biological activity make it a subject of considerable interest in natural product chemistry and pharmacology, highlighting the significance of natural compounds in drug discovery and development.

Natural glycoside

Sclareolide is a bicyclic diterpene lactone, which is primarily derived from the plant species *Salvia sclarea*, commonly known as clary sage. This compound acts as a precursor in the biosynthesis of sclareol, undergoing chemical transformations to yield its final structure. The mode of action of sclareolide is primarily linked to its ability to interact with olfactory receptors, enhancing or modifying fragrance profiles. Sclareolide is widely utilized in the fragrance industry due to its fixative properties, which help in stabilizing and prolonging the scent of perfumes. Additionally, it is employed in the cosmetics industry for its fragrance enhancement capabilities. Beyond its aromatic uses, sclareolide is studied for potential applications in weight management products as it may influence certain metabolic pathways. Moreover, the compound is being explored for its role in synthesizing other valuable chemical derivatives and active pharmaceutical ingredients due to its versatile chemical structure and reactivity.

Lupeol acetate analytical standard provided with chromatographic purity, to be used as reference material for qualitative determination.

(-)-trans-Pinocarveol is a bicyclic monoterpene alcohol, which occurs naturally in a variety of essential oils, typically extracted from coniferous trees and some aromatic plants. As a chiral compound, it features a unique molecular configuration, often isolated from the Pinaceae family or synthesized via dihydroxylation of pinene derivatives. The mode of action of (-)-trans-Pinocarveol involves interacting with olfactory receptors, which contributes to its characteristic pine-like aroma and potential biological activity. This compound may serve as a precursor in synthetic organic chemistry, facilitating the production of more complex molecules. Its ability to serve as a functional group for further reactions makes it a versatile intermediate in chemical synthesis. In scientific research and industrial applications, (-)-trans-Pinocarveol is utilized for its fragrance properties in perfumery and as a naturally derived component of flavorings. Moreover, its potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects spark interest in pharmacological studies, aiming to explore further therapeutic applications. Understanding its chemical behavior and biological interactions remains crucial for advancing applications in multiple domains, notably in the fields of organic synthesis and natural product chemistry.

Natural glycoside