Terpenoids

(+)-Nerolidol is a sesquiterpene alcohol, which is a type of volatile organic compound. It is derived from the essential oils of various plants, including jasmine, tea tree, and lemongrass. As a natural compound, (+)-Nerolidol is synthesized by plants as part of their aromatic profile and may serve as a defense mechanism against pathogens and herbivores. The mode of action of (+)-Nerolidol is attributed to its lipophilic nature, which allows it to penetrate cellular membranes easily. This property enables interactions with various biological targets, leading to its diverse biological activities. It has been investigated for its potential effects on microbial activity, antioxidant properties, and as a skin penetration enhancer. The applications of (+)-Nerolidol are broad, with studies indicating its utility in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and agricultural sectors. In pharmaceuticals, it holds promise as an antifungal, antimicrobial, and anticancer agent. In cosmetics, it may function as a fragrance additive and a skin absorption enhancer for other active ingredients. Additionally, in agriculture, its role as an insect repellent and natural pesticide is being explored. The versatility of (+)-Nerolidol continues to make it a compound of interest in various scientific domains.

Carboxylic acid with phenol function

Triptophenolide is a bioactive compound, which is a diterpenoid lactone extracted from the plant Tripterygium wilfordii. This compound is characterized by its ability to modulate various molecular targets and pathways associated with inflammation and immune response. The mode of action of triptophenolide involves the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, a pivotal transcription factor that regulates genes involved in inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation, and survival. By disrupting NF-κB activity, triptophenolide effectively decreases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators. Triptophenolide is primarily used in research settings to explore its effects on diseases characterized by excessive inflammatory responses, such as autoimmune disorders and certain types of cancer. Its unique mechanism and plant-derived origin make it a compound of interest in the development of new therapeutic strategies. While its potent biochemical interactions underscore significant therapeutic potential, further studies are required to fully elucidate its efficacy and safety profiles in clinical applications.

Alantolactone is a bioactive sesquiterpene lactone, which is derived from the roots of Inula helenium, a plant commonly known as elecampane. This compound is characterized by its complex bicyclic structure and exhibits a range of biological activities. The mode of action of alantolactone involves multiple biochemical pathways, including the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and the modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These pathways contribute to its anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial properties. In scientific research, alantolactone is utilized for its potential therapeutic benefits. It is studied for its anti-cancer effects, particularly in inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation in various cancer cell lines. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties make it a subject of interest for treating inflammatory diseases. The compound also possesses antimicrobial activity, adding to its versatility in pharmacological research. The exploration of alantolactone’s diverse bioactivities continues to provide valuable insights into its mechanisms, offering potential applications in drug development.

Prosaikogenin H is a naturally occurring compound, classified as a saponin, which is derived from specific plant sources, particularly within the family Araliaceae. It is obtained through extraction and purification processes from plants known for their bioactive compounds. The mode of action of prosaikogenin H involves interacting with cellular pathways to modulate biological responses, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. These interactions are facilitated by its structural properties that enable it to engage with cell membranes and influence signaling cascades. Prosaikogenin H is primarily used in research focused on exploring therapeutic potentials, particularly in the development of treatments for inflammatory conditions and oxidative stress-related disorders. It serves as a valuable compound in pharmacological studies aiming to discover novel therapeutic agents. Its applications extend to cellular and molecular biology research, where it may be used to elucidate biological mechanisms and pathways relevant to its activity. As such, prosaikogenin H stands out in scientific investigations for its promising role in advancing our understanding of plant-derived bioactive compounds in health sciences.

Natural glycoside

Cyclic alcohol

Ginsenoside Rb1 - 98% is a purified chemical compound, specifically a saponin, derived from the roots of Panax ginseng, a perennial plant native to East Asia. The compound belongs to the ginsenoside family, which constitutes the primary active components of ginseng. Ginsenoside Rb1 exerts its biological effects through modulation of various signaling pathways, notably impacting cellular processes such as apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. It has been observed to interact with receptors and channels on the cell membrane, influencing intracellular signaling cascades that contribute to its pharmacological actions. The applications of Ginsenoside Rb1 are significant in biomedical research, where it is studied for its potential neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. It is employed in experimental models to investigate its therapeutic effects on diseases such as Alzheimer's, diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions. Due to its diverse physiological impacts, Ginsenoside Rb1 continues to be a compound of interest for scientists exploring natural products with clinical potential.

Cyclic alcohol

Natural glycoside

Loganic acid is a natural iridoid glycoside, which is primarily derived from plants belonging to the Loganiaceae family, such as the genus Strychnos. As a bioactive compound, it plays a significant role in plant defense mechanisms and possesses potential therapeutic properties that are of great interest to the scientific community. The mode of action of loganic acid involves its interaction with specific biochemical pathways related to inflammation and oxidative stress. It can modulate the activity of enzymes and receptors involved in these pathways, thereby exhibiting potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Loganic acid is being investigated for its various applications in medicinal chemistry and pharmacology. Its promising attributes suggest potential in developing treatments for conditions associated with inflammation and oxidative damage. Researchers are exploring its applications further, aiming to harness its bioactivity in drug development and therapeutic interventions. The compound's structural characteristics also make it a subject of interest in studying biochemical processes and pathways relevant to human health.

11,13-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-10(14)guaien-12,6-olide is a bioactive compound, which is a phytochemical derived from Cynara cardunculus, commonly known as the artichoke. This compound belongs to a class of organic compounds known as sesquiterpene lactones. It is primarily sourced from the leaves and flower buds of the artichoke plant, which are rich in various polyphenolic and terpenoid components. The mode of action of 11,13-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-10(14)guaien-12,6-olide involves interacting with biological pathways that regulate inflammation and oxidative stress. It may inhibit key enzymes involved in the inflammatory response, as well as scavenge free radicals, thereby exerting an antioxidant effect. These mechanisms contribute to its potential therapeutic properties. In terms of applications, this compound is of significant interest in the field of pharmacology for its possible health benefits. It has been studied for its potential use in treating conditions such as liver disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and various inflammatory conditions. Ongoing research aims to explore its efficacy, bioavailability, and safety for further development into therapeutic agents.

Cryptotanshinone is a naturally occurring bioactive compound, which is an abietane diterpenoid sourced from the roots of *Salvia miltiorrhiza*, commonly known as Danshen. This compound exhibits a distinct mode of action characterized by its inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway, which is crucial in the regulation of gene expression involved in cell growth and survival. Furthermore, Cryptotanshinone demonstrates the ability to modulate various other molecular targets, such as the androgen receptor, rendering it valuable in the pharmacological landscape. Primarily, Cryptotanshinone is utilized in oncology research due to its promising anticancer activity, which includes the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. Additionally, it has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects, showing potential in the treatment of conditions mediated by excessive inflammation. Researchers are exploring its utility in the development of novel therapeutic agents for cancer and inflammatory diseases, making it a subject of considerable interest in pharmacological and biochemical studies.

Gypenoside Li is a phytochemical compound, which is derived from the plant Gynostemma pentaphyllum, commonly known as Jiaogulan. It functions primarily through modulating various biological pathways, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms, making it of significant interest for therapeutic research. This compound has been observed to influence cellular pathways that regulate oxidative stress and inflammation, potentially offering protective effects in various models of disease. Its ability to modulate these pathways suggests it may have applications in managing conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. The interest in Gypenoside Li lies in its potential to improve cellular resilience and modulate biological responses to stressors. Research continues to explore the full extent of its pharmacodynamics and potential clinical applications, focusing on its molecular targets and the precise mechanisms of its action. While not yet widely adopted in clinical practice, Gypenoside Li serves as a promising candidate in the field of pharmacognosy and drug discovery, warranting further investigation into its biochemical properties and therapeutic potentials.

Oxygen-heterocyclic compound

Lactone

Oxygen-heterocyclic compound

20(R)Ginsenoside Rh2 is a bioactive compound, specifically a ginsenoside, which is derived from the roots of Panax ginseng. This compound is categorized as a rare saponin, produced through the enzymatic or acidic hydrolysis of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides found naturally in ginseng. Its mode of action involves modulating various cellular pathways, including signaling pathways related to apoptosis, inflammation, and immune responses. It has been shown to exert anticancer effects through induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, and disruption of cell cycle progression in cancer cells. Additionally, it may influence the immune system by enhancing or regulating immune cell activity. 20(R)Ginsenoside Rh2's applications are mainly in the field of cancer research, where its potential as an adjuvant therapy is being explored. Furthermore, its immunomodulatory effects make it a subject of interest in studies related to infectious diseases and immune disorders. The specificity of its action, coupled with its natural origin, makes it a promising candidate for therapeutic developments in the pharmaceutical and biomedical sectors.

Natural glycoside

beta-Boswellic acid analytical standard provided with w/w absolute assay, to be used for quantitative titration.