Carotenoids

Violoxanthin is a naturally occurring carotenoid, which is a type of pigment found primarily in plants. As a product of the xanthophyll cycle, it plays a significant role in photosynthesis by protecting plants from photooxidative damage. Violoxanthin is derived from plant sources, including various fruits and vegetables that exhibit vivid colors due to the presence of carotenoids. The mode of action of violoxanthin involves its role in photoprotection and non-photochemical quenching, where it helps dissipate excessive light energy as heat, thus safeguarding photosynthetic organisms from damage by excess light. This antioxidant capacity can be linked to its structural characteristics, allowing it to interact effectively with free radicals and reactive oxygen species. The uses and applications of violoxanthin extend to fields such as food science, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals. Its antioxidant properties make it a subject of interest for potential health benefits, including roles in reducing oxidative stress-related conditions. Furthermore, as a naturally derived pigment, it is also explored for its use in natural food coloring and supplementation, contributing to the aesthetic and nutritional value of various consumables.

All-trans-Canthaxanthin - Technical grade is a carotenoid compound, which is a naturally occurring pigment. It is typically sourced through chemical synthesis or extraction from microorganisms such as algae or fungi. This compound functions as an antioxidant, donating electrons to neutralize free radicals, thereby preventing oxidative damage within cellular structures. The principal applications of all-trans-Canthaxanthin lie in its ability to enhance coloration in the tissues of aquatic life and birds. In aquaculture, it is added to fish feed to intensify the red or orange hues in species such as salmon and trout. In the poultry industry, it is used to improve the pigmentation of egg yolks and the skin of broilers. The inclusion of canthaxanthin not only affects external appearance but may also contribute to overall health by bolstering antioxidant defenses. Study of its precise biochemical pathways and potential long-term impacts remains an active area of research.

beta-Cryptoxanthin analytical standard provided with UV assay for quantitative titration.

Zeaxanthin analytical standard provided with UV assay for quantitative titration.

Zeaxanthin - 10% is a concentrated carotenoid formulation, specifically derived from natural sources such as marigold flowers. It functions primarily as a potent antioxidant within the human body, playing an essential role in quenching free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. This protective action is particularly concentrated in the macular region of the eye, where zeaxanthin and its isomer lutein are vital components. In scientific applications, Zeaxanthin - 10% is extensively utilized for its potential benefits in maintaining ocular health, given its capability to filter harmful high-energy blue light and to fortify the macular pigment. Research indicates that increased intake of zeaxanthin may contribute to the prevention and management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and other retinal degenerative conditions. The product is thus of interest in nutritional studies, ophthalmology, and gerontology, wherein its role as a dietary supplement is continually explored to support visual function and overall eye health.

trans-Crocetin-98% is a high-purity carotenoid, which is a type of organic pigment. It is derived from the stigmas of the saffron (Crocus sativus) flower, where it is obtained through meticulous extraction processes to ensure its purity and efficacy. trans-Crocetin acts primarily as an antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress within biological systems. It modulates various signaling pathways, which can result in neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and potential anti-cancer activities. Used extensively in scientific research, trans-Crocetin-98% is instrumental in studies of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, due to its ability to protect neuronal cells from oxidative damage. It also finds applications in cardiovascular research, where its potential to improve blood flow and reduce plaque accumulation is of interest. Furthermore, trans-Crocetin's role in enhancing retinal function positions it as a valuable compound in ophthalmic studies, potentially aiding in the treatment of macular degeneration and other vision-related conditions.

Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive Applications 15-cis-Phytoene is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of carotenoids. References Davidovich-Rikanati, R., et al.: Plant J., 56, 228 (2008), Puri, A., et al.: Weed Sci., 57, 482 (2009), Serino, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 8753 (2009),

Zeaxanthin dipalmitate is a carotenoid ester, which is derived primarily from natural sources such as marigold flowers. This compound is an esterified form of the carotenoid zeaxanthin, which enhances its stability and bioavailability. The mode of action involves the deposition of zeaxanthin dipalmitate in the macular region of the retina, where it acts as a protective antioxidant and filters high-energy blue light. The primary applications of zeaxanthin dipalmitate are in eye health supplements and nutraceuticals. Its ability to protect the eye from oxidative stress and light-induced damage makes it a valuable component in formulations aimed at reducing the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and maintaining overall ocular health. Additionally, zeaxanthin dipalmitate's antioxidant properties contribute to its potential use in broader health applications where oxidative stress is a concern.

Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive Applications Intermediate in the biosynthesis of carotenoids. References Umeno, D. & Arnold, F.; J. Bacteriol. 186, 1531 (2004).

Lutein - 20% is a carotenoid product, which is an extract derived from natural plant sources, such as marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta). It functions through its antioxidant capabilities, which involve scavenging free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative damage. This mode of action is critical for maintaining eye health, as lutein preferentially accumulates in the macula of the human eye, where it filters harmful blue light and supports visual function. In terms of applications, Lutein - 20% is widely used in the formulation of dietary supplements designed to support ocular health. It is also incorporated into functional foods and beverages, as well as cosmetic products aimed at promoting skin health due to its protective effects against light-induced damage. Furthermore, ongoing research explores its potential roles in cognitive health and chronic disease prevention, highlighting its importance in scientific studies focusing on aging and disease management.

Lutein - 50% is a carotenoid compound, specifically a xanthophyll, which is derived from marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta). Carotenoids like lutein are pigmented compounds that occur naturally in plants and are responsible for their vibrant colors. Lutein is isolated and then concentrated to achieve a 50% purity, typically using processes such as saponification and crystallization. In terms of mode of action, lutein functions primarily as an antioxidant. It is known to filter high-energy blue light and neutralize free radicals, thereby protecting cells from oxidative damage. This ability to attenuate oxidative stress is vital in maintaining the structural integrity of ocular tissues. Lutein - 50% is commonly used in scientific research and formulation of dietary supplements aimed at promoting eye health. It is particularly noted for its role in supporting macular health and protecting against age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Beyond ophthalmic applications, its antioxidant properties are also explored in broader cellular health studies.

Picrocrocin is a natural compound, specifically a monoterpene glycoside. It is derived from the Crocus sativus L. plant, commonly known as saffron. Picrocrocin is formed during the dehydration of the zeaxanthin carotenoid and is stored in the saffron stigmas. As a glycosidic precursor to the volatile compound safranal, it contributes significantly to the characteristic bitter taste of saffron. The mode of action of picrocrocin involves its enzymatic breakdown during the drying process of saffron stigmas, which leads to the formation of safranal through hydrolysis. This process is critical to the development of the saffron aroma profile, with picrocrocin playing a crucial intermediary role. Picrocrocin's primary applications include its utilization in culinary and fragrance industries, where it imparts the desired bitterness and aroma distinctive of saffron. Additionally, it serves as an important quality marker in saffron standardization and authentication studies. Scientific interest in picrocrocin has also increased due to its potential biological activities, warranting further exploration of its pharmacological properties.

Crocin II is a hydrophilic carotenoid that is a mono-glycosyl polyene ester of crocetin, in which D-gentiobiose occurs as the carbohydrate residue.  A number of studies clearly highlight the role of crocin in preventing, treating or alleviating various health related conditions. Most in vivo studies were carried out on the effects of crocin against CNS and cardiovascular related diseases; however research projects on other organs including the liver and kidney have also been undertaken. These findings have not yet been verified by clinical trials on humans.

Rubixanthin is a natural red carotenoid pigment, which is derived primarily from plant sources such as rose hips and certain types of flowers and fruits. It is a member of the xanthophyll family of carotenoids, compounds renowned for their vibrant colors and antioxidant properties. The mode of action of Rubixanthin primarily involves its ability to absorb light in specific wavelengths, contributing to its bright red hue. It also exhibits antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals, thereby protecting cellular structures from oxidative damage. This antioxidative potential is attributed to its conjugated double-bond structure, which is common among carotenoids. In terms of applications, Rubixanthin is utilized for its coloring properties in the food and cosmetic industries, where it imparts a natural red to orange color to various products. Additionally, its antioxidative capacity is of interest in research areas focused on health and nutrition, with potential implications for enhancing the nutritional profile of functional foods. As the study of natural pigments evolves, Rubixanthin continues to be of interest for its roles in color enhancement and antioxidant effects.

Violaxanthin - solution in ethanol is a carotenoid compound, typically used in biochemical and physiological research. This product is derived from natural sources, such as plants and algae, where violaxanthin plays a crucial role in the xanthophyll cycle, contributing to thermal energy dissipation and photoprotection in photosynthetic organisms. The mode of action involves the reversible conversion of violaxanthin to other xanthophylls such as antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin, depending on light conditions, to regulate energy flux and protect against photooxidative damage. This solution's primary use is in the study of plant biology and photosynthesis, allowing scientists to investigate the mechanisms of light harvesting and energy dissipation in chloroplasts. Additionally, it finds applications in the analysis of carotenoid-mediated antioxidant activities and their effects on plant stress responses. By using this solution, researchers can gain insights into the complex processes that enable plants to maintain homeostasis under varying environmental conditions. Such studies are pivotal for advancing our understanding of plant resilience and may contribute to developments in agricultural science and biotechnology.

Lycopene analytical standard provided with UV assay for quantitative titration.

Zeaxanthin - 50% is a carotenoid compound, which is a type of naturally occurring pigment found in various fruits and vegetables, especially in corn, saffron, and leafy greens. It belongs to a class of phytochemicals known as xanthophylls, which are crucial for light absorption and protection against photooxidative damage in plants. This particular version is typically derived from natural sources like marigold petals or synthesized for high purity and concentration. Zeaxanthin's mode of action involves its antioxidative properties, where it helps to neutralize free radicals in the body, particularly within the eye. It is known to accumulate in the retina, specifically in the macular region, where it plays a protective role against harmful blue light and oxidative stress. The primary uses and applications of Zeaxanthin - 50% are centered around its role in supporting eye health. It is often incorporated into dietary supplements aimed at reducing the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts. Additionally, its properties as a natural pigment make it a valuable additive in the food and beverage industry, both for coloration and for its health benefits. Its contribution to reducing oxidative stress also opens pathways for research into broader health applications.

α-Carotene - 10% is a carotenoid compound, which is a natural pigment found predominantly in the orange and yellow fruits and vegetables such as pumpkins and carrots. This compound is synthesized by plants and microorganisms through the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway. It works primarily as an antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative stress, which can lead to cellular damage. In scientific applications, α-Carotene - 10% is often used in research focusing on its potential role in mitigating chronic disease risks due to its antioxidant properties. Additionally, it is studied for its conversion to vitamin A in the human body, contributing to various biological processes including vision and immune function. Understanding the activity of α-Carotene can provide insights into nutritional science and potential therapeutic strategies.

Lutein - 10% is a dietary carotenoid, which is derived primarily from marigold flowers. It functions through its antioxidant properties, specifically targeting oxidative stress in ocular tissues. This antioxidant activity is crucial for protecting the eyes against damage from free radicals. By absorbing excess light energy, it helps mitigate damage caused by blue and ultraviolet light exposure. Lutein - 10% is widely studied for its role in eye health, particularly in preventing or slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts. Its presence in the macula and retina is critical for maintaining eye function and reducing the risk of disease. In addition, there is emerging research on its potential benefits for skin health and as an adjunctive support in neuroprotection. As a dietary supplement, Lutein - 10% is often incorporated into formulations for vision health, and its bioavailability is a significant focus of scientific investigation to maximize its efficacy in clinical applications.

α-Carotene is a carotenoid antioxidant, which is a naturally occurring pigment found primarily in fruits and vegetables. It is derived from plant sources, prominently present in carrots, pumpkins, and other orange-colored produce. As an isomer of β-carotene, α-carotene shares similar properties yet exhibits distinct biological activities due to its unique structure. The mode of action of α-carotene involves its conversion into vitamin A in the body, although less efficiently than β-carotene. It has potent antioxidant capabilities, helping to neutralize free radicals and mitigate oxidative stress, contributing to cellular health. Moreover, α-carotene may influence gene expression and modulate immune responses through pathways distinct from other carotenoids. In terms of applications, α-carotene is utilized in nutritional studies to examine its impact on human health, particularly in the context of vision and immune function. It is also researched for its potential role in reducing the risk of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular conditions and certain cancers. Its presence in the diet is of scientific interest for its contribution to the beneficial effects of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables.

Apocarotenal analytical standard provided with w/w absolute assay, to be used for quantitative titration.

Bixin is an organic compound that serves as a natural antioxidant and colorant, which is derived from the seeds of the annatto tree (Bixa orellana). The mode of action of bixin involves its ability to scavenge free radicals, thereby preventing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Its chemical structure allows it to efficiently stabilize reactive oxygen species, making it highly effective in preserving the integrity of biological and chemical systems. In the realm of its applications, bixin is extensively utilized in the food industry as a natural colorant, imparting a reddish-yellow hue to various products. Beyond its role in food technology, bixin's antioxidative properties make it valuable in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, where it helps to maintain the stability and efficacy of formulations. Furthermore, recent studies have explored its potential implications in biomedicine, investigating antioxidative roles within cellular systems that may mitigate certain pathophysiological conditions. Ongoing research continues to elucidate its multifaceted functionalities and applications across diverse scientific domains.

15-cis-Phytoene analytical standard provided with w/w absolute assay, to be used for quantitative titration.

9'-cis-Norbixin analytical standard provided with w/w absolute assay, to be used for quantitative titration.

Lutein analytical standard provided with UV assay for quantitative titration.

Apocarotenal is a carotenoid-derived pigment, which is a natural carotenoid with a bright orange-red hue. It is derived from beta-carotene, primarily found in fruits and vegetables. This compound is biosynthesized from plant sources, commonly extracted from carrots and citrus fruits. Apocarotenal functions through its conjugated double-bond system, which absorbs light in the visible range, imparting color to formulations. In scientific applications, Apocarotenal is utilized for its colorant properties in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. In the food industry, it serves as a natural coloring agent in various products like beverages, dairy, and confectionery. Its role in pharmaceuticals includes enhancing the aesthetic appeal of tablets and capsules. Additionally, it is used in cosmetic products for its pigmentation properties, providing vibrant hues to skin care and makeup products. Apocarotenal’s natural origin and non-toxic nature make it an attractive choice for scientists seeking natural alternatives for synthetic colorants in product development across multiple sectors.

Zeaxanthin is a naturally occurring carotenoid, which is primarily derived from various plant sources such as leafy green vegetables, corn, and yellow fruits. As a xanthophyll carotenoid, Zeaxanthin plays a significant role in the light-absorption processes of plants, contributing to their photosynthetic efficiency and protection against light-induced oxidative damage. The mode of action of Zeaxanthin involves its potent antioxidant properties, which enable it to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. This is crucial in protecting cellular components from damage, particularly in the macular region of the human eye. Zeaxanthin is known to filter harmful high-energy blue light and prevent light-induced photoreceptor degradation. In scientific research and medical applications, Zeaxanthin is primarily utilized for its role in maintaining visual health. It has garnered attention for its efficacy in safeguarding against age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts. As an integral component of the human eye's macular pigment, Zeaxanthin's protective function makes it a focal point of ophthalmic studies and dietary intervention strategies aimed at enhancing ocular resilience.

Capsanthin analytical standard provided with UV assay for quantitative titration.

β-​Apo-​8'-​carotenal (Apocarotenal) is a carotenoid found in spinach and citrus fruits. Apocarotenal is used in fat-based food, dairy products, and sweets.

beta-Carotene analytical standard provided with UV assay for quantitative titration.

Fucoxanthine - 50% is a carotenoid compound typically derived from brown seaweeds, such as Undaria pinnatifida and Laminaria japonica. This naturally occurring xanthophyll is recognized for its role in promoting metabolic health due to its unique mode of action. Fucoxanthine enhances the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in white adipose tissue, leading to increased thermogenesis and fat oxidation. This process is largely mediated through the activation of antioxidant pathways and modulation of metabolic regulators. The uses and applications of Fucoxanthine - 50% are primarily focused on its potential in the fields of obesity management and metabolic disorder research. Investigations have highlighted its ability to reduce body weight and ameliorate metabolic syndromes in preclinical models. Additionally, its antioxidant properties suggest possibilities for broader applications in health sciences, including anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic strategies. This makes Fucoxanthine - 50% a molecule of significant interest in nutraceutical and pharmacological research paradigms aimed at tackling prevalent metabolic health challenges.

Zeaxanthin is a dietary carotenoid that accumulates in the retina (particularly the macula) and has antioxidant activity.Cost-effective and quality-assured.

trans-Crocetin - 70% is a highly purified carotenoid compound, which is derived from saffron (Crocus sativus) stigmas. Its molecular structure allows it to act as a potent antioxidant, disrupting oxidative stress pathways by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. This mode of action is critical because it can potentially protect cellular components from damage and modulate various biochemical pathways. trans-Crocetin has garnered significant interest in scientific research due to its potential applications in health and therapeutic fields. It is being investigated for its effects on improving ocular health, cognitive function, and its role in mitigating inflammation-related diseases. Furthermore, its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier suggests its viability in neuroprotection research. As a compound with limited toxicity, trans-Crocetin presents an appealing candidate for developing therapeutic strategies in managing chronic conditions where oxidative stress plays a central role.

Beta-Cryptoxanthin - 95% is a high-purity carotenoid product, which is a naturally occurring pigment found in various fruits and vegetables, such as papayas, tangerines, and red peppers. This compound is integral to the human diet and serves as a precursor to vitamin A, contributing to its provitamin A activity. The mode of action of beta-Cryptoxanthin involves its conversion to retinol, a form of vitamin A, which is crucial for maintaining healthy vision, immune function, and skin health. Additionally, its antioxidant properties allow it to mitigate oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals within the biological systems. Beta-Cryptoxanthin - 95% is utilized primarily in scientific research to study its potential health benefits, including its role in bone health, reduction of inflammation, and possible protective effects against certain chronic diseases. Researchers explore its biochemical pathways and its impact on cellular health, leveraging its high purity to ensure experimental accuracy and consistency. Given the ongoing investigations into its broader health implications, beta-Cryptoxanthin serves as a valuable tool in the field of nutritional science and biochemistry.

9'-cis-Bixin analytical standard provided with w/w absolute assay, to be used for quantitative titration.

Lutein - 95% is a purified carotenoid compound, which is derived primarily from the petals of the marigold plant, Tagetes erecta. This high-purity extract contains a significant concentration of lutein, a naturally occurring pigment known for its role in the human body, particularly in the eyes. The primary mode of action of lutein involves its antioxidant properties; it functions by neutralizing free radicals, thus protecting cellular structures from oxidative damage. Within the human eye, lutein is concentrated in the macular region of the retina where it helps to filter harmful high-energy blue wavelengths of light and maintains healthy cells. The application of Lutein - 95% is predominantly in research focused on ocular health, specifically in studying conditions such as age-related macular degeneration and cataracts. Furthermore, its use extends to nutritional supplementation, given its role in preventing or mitigating phototoxic damage. Additionally, its antioxidant capabilities make Lutein - 95% a molecule of interest in studies exploring the protection against oxidative stress in other systems beyond ocular health. This carotenoid's high purity ensures reliable results in experimental settings, making it a critical component in scientific investigations of visual health.

Stability Liight Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive Applications Occurs preformed only in animals; metabolized from carotenoids, such β-carotene, in the intestinal mucosa. Dietary sources include liver, milk, butter, cheese, eggs and fish liver oils or as carotenois from fruits and vegetables. Stored primarily in the liver in esterified form; transported in the blood by retinol binding protein (RBP). Nutritional factor. References Davis, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 15, 167 (1913), Crouch, R.K., et al.: Photochem. Photobiol., 64, 613 (1996),

A xanthophyll pigment with characteristic reddish-orange colour. Often added to fish food since it is an essential nutrient for healthy fish growth and reproduction. A strong anti-oxidant with suggested preventative roles in cancer as well as cardiovascular and immunological disease.

beta-Carotene - >95% is a high-purity carotenoid compound, which is a naturally occurring pigment found in plants and fruits. This compound is primarily sourced from natural plant derivatives, such as carrots, sweet potatoes, and other colorful vegetables and fruits, where it functions as a photosynthetic pigment. The mode of action of beta-Carotene lies in its ability to convert enzymatically into retinol (vitamin A) in the human body, a crucial component for vision, immune function, and skin health. In scientific research, beta-Carotene - >95% is used extensively to study antioxidant properties and their implications in health and disease prevention. It is employed in nutritional studies to understand its efficacy in preventing vitamin A deficiency, particularly in populations at risk. Moreover, it serves as a pivotal compound in exploring the molecular mechanisms involving oxidative stress and free radical damage. Its high purity makes it especially suitable for precise laboratory analyses and formulation development in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Fucoxanthine is a marine carotenoid, which is predominantly found in various species of brown seaweed, such as Undaria pinnatifida and Laminaria japonica. Its molecular structure includes an allenic bond, which distinguishes it from other carotenoids and contributes to its unique mode of action. Fucoxanthine exerts its effects primarily through antioxidant activity, where it neutralizes free radicals, thus reducing oxidative stress. Additionally, it modulates metabolic processes by influencing genes involved in lipid metabolism and adipose tissue differentiation. In scientific research, Fucoxanthine is investigated for its potential in combating obesity-related disorders and metabolic syndrome. It has shown promise in enhancing lipid metabolism by promoting the oxidation of fatty acids and reducing the accumulation of fat in adipocytes. Furthermore, this compound has been scrutinized for its potential anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, as it influences signaling pathways related to inflammation and cell proliferation. Fucoxanthine's role in these diverse physiological processes makes it a subject of interest in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical research domains, aiming to harness its therapeutic potential for various medical applications.

Natural yellow carotenoid; lipid-soluble antioxidant

Fucoxanthine - 10% is a carotenoid compound, which is extracted from brown seaweeds such as Undaria pinnatifida and Laminaria japonica. This compound is known for its unique structure and biochemistry, which allows it to influence metabolic processes within the body. Fucoxanthine primarily functions by increasing the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in white adipose tissue, which in turn enhances lipid metabolism and thermogenesis. This action leads to a potential increase in energy expenditure and fat oxidation. Fucoxanthine is studied for its promising applications in the field of weight management and obesity treatment. Research suggests that it may have additional anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that contribute to its health-promoting effects. Furthermore, the utilization of Fucoxanthine in nutraceuticals and functional foods highlights its role in supporting metabolic health. However, ongoing studies are necessary to fully elucidate its mechanisms and efficacy in human populations.

Lutein - 5% is a carotenoid compound, which is derived primarily from the petals of marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta). This natural source is known for its high concentration of xanthophylls, which are essential for the product's activity. The mode of action of Lutein involves its capacity to absorb blue light and quench reactive oxygen species, thereby exerting protective antioxidant effects. This mechanism is vital in preventing oxidative stress in biological tissues. The primary applications of Lutein - 5% are in nutritional supplements and functional foods. It is extensively studied for its role in supporting eye health, particularly in reducing the risk of macular degeneration and cataracts. Additionally, Lutein is investigated for its potential in skin health, where it may contribute to photoprotection by filtering harmful high-energy wavelengths of visible light. Its integration into various formulations is designed to leverage its bioavailability and efficacy in maintaining health at the cellular level. As such, researchers continue to explore its biochemical interactions and potential therapeutic impacts within human health domains.

Citranaxanthin is a carotenoid feed additive, which is a naturally occurring pigment found in certain plants and microorganisms. Its primary mode of action is through deposition into the tissues of animals, particularly in the egg yolks of poultry, where it enhances color. This enhancement occurs as citranaxanthin integrates into the lipid structures, contributing to a deeper yellow or orange hue due to its strong pigmenting properties. The primary application of citranaxanthin is in the poultry industry, where it serves as an additive in feed formulations. Its use is crucial for producers seeking to optimize the visual appeal of egg yolks, which is a key quality parameter for consumer satisfaction and marketability. Citranaxanthin's role is not limited to aesthetic improvements; it also reflects the dietary quality and welfare standards of the feed provided to poultry. Additionally, its use must comply with regulations governing feed additives, ensuring no adverse effects on animal health or human consumers.

Crocin is a pharmaceutical product which is an antipyretic and analgesic medication, primarily composed of paracetamol (acetaminophen). It is synthesized through chemical processes originally derived from coal tar, although modern production predominantly utilizes petrochemical sources. The mode of action of Crocin involves the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, particularly COX-2, in the central nervous system. This action leads to a decrease in the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are responsible for pain and fever. Crocin is extensively used for the alleviation of mild to moderate pain and the reduction of fever. Its applications include treatment for headaches, muscle aches, arthritis, backaches, toothaches, colds, and the regulation of fever related to infections. Its efficacy and safety profile make it a common choice for both acute and chronic conditions involving pain and fever. Scientists continue to investigate its pharmacokinetics and potential therapeutic applications beyond its traditional uses, aiming to optimize its clinical benefits and minimize any adverse effects.

A xanthophyll pigment with characteristic reddish-orange colour. Often added to fish food since it is an essential nutrient for healthy fish growth and reproduction. A strong anti-oxidant with suggested preventative roles in cancer as well as cardiovascular and immunological disease.

Antioxidant; antineoplastic; inudces cell differentiation

Physalien analytical standard provided with UV assay for quantitative titration.

Applications Intermediate in the biosynthesis of carotenoids References Davidovich-Rikanati, R. et al.: Plant J., 56, 228 (2008); Puri, A. et al.: Weed Sci. 57, 482 (2009); Serino, S. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 8753 (2009);