Lignans

Dehydropodophyllotoxin is a lignan compound, which is derived from the roots and rhizomes of the plant genus Podophyllum. It exhibits its activity primarily as an inhibitor of microtubule assembly. Microtubules are essential components of the cell cytoskeleton, playing a critical role in cell division and intracellular transport. By interfering with microtubule dynamics, dehydropodophyllotoxin disrupts mitosis, leading to cell cycle arrest and potential apoptosis in rapidly dividing cancer cells. This compound has garnered interest in the field of oncology due to its potential antitumor properties. Researchers are exploring its application in the development of chemotherapeutic agents aimed at various types of cancer. Although its precise molecular mechanisms are still under investigation, the ability of dehydropodophyllotoxin to inhibit microtubule formation represents a promising avenue for cancer treatment strategies. Scientists continue to study its pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy in order to better understand its role and optimize its application in clinical settings.

Carboxylic acid with additional oxygen functions

4'-Demethylpodophyllotoxin is a lignan derivative, which is sourced primarily from the roots and rhizomes of the plant species Podophyllum. This compound is a refined version of podophyllotoxin, a well-known precursor in the synthesis of anticancer drugs. The primary mode of action of 4'-Demethylpodophyllotoxin involves the inhibition of microtubule assembly, thereby disrupting the mitotic spindle formation essential for cell division. This mechanism leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells, highlighting its potential in antitumor therapies. The compound finds extensive application in the development of chemotherapeutic agents, particularly in targeting various carcinomas. It is of significant interest in oncology research due to its structural similarity to other clinically effective antineoplastic agents. Furthermore, ongoing studies aim to enhance its therapeutic index and specificity through various modifications, making 4'-Demethylpodophyllotoxin a promising candidate in the quest for novel cancer treatments.

Ether phenol

Applications A metabolite of Tamoxifen (T006000), a nonsteroidal estrogen antagonist of interest in the treatment of some forms of breast cancer. Tamoxifen is a Protein Kinase C inhibitor, and induces apoptosis in human malignant glioma cell lines. References Brandt, S., et al.: Anticancer Res., 23, 223 (2003), Coller, J., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 57, 105 (2004), Parte, P., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 1446 (2005),

Magnolol is a bioactive compound, which is a type of lignan extracted from the bark of the magnolia tree, primarily Magnolia officinalis. It exhibits a diverse range of pharmacological activities, primarily attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Through the modulation of various signaling pathways, including the NF-κB pathway, magnolol effectively inhibits the activation of inflammatory mediators and scavenges free radicals. This compound has been extensively studied for its potential applications in addressing oxidative and inflammatory-related diseases. Its inhibitory effects on inflammation make it a promising candidate for research into treatments for conditions such as arthritis, neurodegenerative diseases, and certain types of cancer. Additionally, magnolol's ability to modulate the immune response and its neuroprotective effects have attracted attention in the context of central nervous system disorders. Scientists continue to explore its pharmacokinetics and bioavailability to optimize its therapeutic potential.

Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside is a plant lignan, which is primarily sourced from flaxseed. As a type of phytoestrogen, SDG is known for its antioxidant properties and ability to influence estrogen metabolism. The mode of action involves the conversion of SDG into mammalian lignans such as enterolactone and enterodiol by intestinal microflora, which then exhibit biological activity. These metabolites can bind to estrogen receptors, thereby exerting weak estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects depending on endogenous estrogen levels. The uses and applications of Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside are varied, primarily focusing on its potential health benefits. Its antioxidant activity is being studied for possible roles in the prevention of oxidative stress-related diseases. The phytoestrogenic activity of SDG has garnered interest for its effects on hormone-dependent conditions, such as menopausal symptoms and potentially in hormone-related cancer prevention. Current research also explores its impact on cardiovascular health, metabolic syndrome, and immune function. Despite these promising areas, it is essential to approach findings with scientific rigor, and further studies are necessary to substantiate these potential health benefits fully.

(+/-)-Secoisolariciresinol is a lignan compound, a type of polyphenolic phytonutrient, primarily found in plant-based sources. It is abundantly obtained from flaxseeds, but also present in other seeds and whole grains. The compound undergoes metabolism by gut microflora to produce enterolignans, such as enterodiol and enterolactone, which exhibit weak estrogenic and antioxidant properties. (+/-)-Secoisolariciresinol's mode of action involves binding to estrogen receptors, potentially modulating estrogenic activity, thus exhibiting both estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects depending on physiological conditions. Its structural similarity to endogenous estrogens allows it to potentially influence hormone-related pathways and oxidative stress mechanisms. The primary applications of (+/-)-Secoisolariciresinol focus on its role in health sciences, particularly concerning its effects on cardiovascular health, hormone-related conditions, and cancer prevention. Research indicates potential benefits in reducing the risk of hormone-dependent cancers such as breast and prostate cancer, given its ability to act as a natural regulator of estrogen levels. Additionally, as an antioxidant, it may aid in reducing oxidative stress, thereby contributing to vascular health and the mitigation of chronic disease progression.

Schisantherin E is a natural lignan from Schisandra chinensis., which might be hepatoprotective, sedative, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities.

(+)-Medioresinol Di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside has strong inhibitory activity of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

Tigloylgomisin H boosts QR, upregulates phase II enzymes via Nrf2-ARE, may prevent liver cancer.

Ether alcohol phenol

(+)-Syringaresinol, 98% is a lignan compound, which is a type of phenolic compound found in a variety of plant sources. It is primarily derived from the wood and bark of specific plant species, most notably those within the Syringa genus. The mode of action of (+)-Syringaresinol involves its function as an antioxidant, where it can scavenge free radicals and inhibit oxidative stress within biological systems. In research settings, (+)-Syringaresinol is utilized for its potential health benefits, which include anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive properties. It is often studied for its role in modulating various biological pathways and its influence on metabolic and cellular processes. Additionally, this compound is investigated for potential therapeutic applications in the management of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular conditions and certain cancers. Scientists are particularly interested in its biochemical interactions and the potential synergistic effects it might have with other bioactive compounds.

Picropodophyllone is one of the lignans from the roots of D. aurantiocaulis and D. pleianthum.

Matairesinol 4'-O-b-gentiobioside is a lignan glycoside, which is a class of phytoestrogens found in various plant species. It is derived from natural sources such as seeds, cereals, and vegetables. The compound is metabolized in the human body by intestinal microflora, transforming into enterolignans, which exhibit estrogen-like activity. This mode of action includes the modulation of estrogen receptors, thereby influencing various physiological processes. Matairesinol 4'-O-b-gentiobioside is primarily studied for its potential health benefits due to its antioxidant properties. Research suggests its applications in reducing oxidative stress and the risk of hormone-related cancers. Additionally, it may support cardiovascular health by interacting with lipid metabolism. Ongoing studies explore its role in modulating gut microbiota and its implications in chronic disease prevention. The compound's biochemical properties and potential therapeutic roles continue to be a significant area of interest within the scientific community.

Pinoresinol dimethyl ether is a lignan compound, which is a type of polyphenolic substance. It is naturally sourced from various plant materials, prominently found in seeds, bark, and roots of certain plant species. The compound exhibits significant antioxidant activity, which is attributed to its ability to scavenge free radicals and protect cells from oxidative stress. Having strong radical scavenging abilities, Pinoresinol dimethyl ether is extensively studied for its potential role in preventing oxidative damage in biological systems. Its applications are primarily centered in biochemistry and pharmacology, where it is utilized to explore mechanisms of antioxidant activity and to evaluate its potential therapeutic benefits. Additionally, research studies investigate its role in mitigating inflammatory processes and its potential as a chemopreventive agent. As a result, Pinoresinol dimethyl ether is of considerable interest for its implications in health-related research and natural product chemistry.

(-)-Arctigenin is a natural lignan, which is an active compound isolated from plants such as Arctium lappa (greater burdock) and other members of the Asteraceae family. It acts via several biochemical pathways, notably by inhibiting cellular proliferation and inducing apoptosis in certain cancer cell lines. Additionally, (-)-Arctigenin can modulate immune responses and possesses anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties by interfering with viral replication processes. The compound is being extensively researched for its therapeutic potential, particularly in oncology, where its ability to sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapy is promising. Moreover, its anti-inflammatory effects are of interest in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Researchers are also investigating its potential application in combatting viral infections, including its efficacy against HIV and influenza. Detailed studies are ongoing to fully elucidate its mechanisms and optimize its use in therapeutic interventions.

Oxygen-heterocyclic compound

Ether alcohol phenol

Epimagnolin B has anti-inflammatory activity, it can inhibit the production of NO and PGE(2) and the expression of respective enzyme iNOS and COX-2 through the

Diphyllin could be characterized as a new V-ATPase inhibitor in treating gastric cancer and inhibiting the phosphorylation of LRP6 in Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

(+/-)-Syringaresinol is a type of lignan, which is a category of polyphenolic compounds. It is primarily sourced from various plant materials, including seeds, roots, and barks of certain tree species. These naturally occurring compounds are integral to the plant's defense mechanisms and provide various ecological benefits. The mode of action of (+/-)-Syringaresinol involves its interaction with cellular pathways to exert antioxidant effects. It achieves this by scavenging free radicals and modulating oxidative stress-related pathways. Additionally, it has affinity for interaction with certain cellular receptors, potentially affecting signal transduction and expression of genes related to apoptosis and proliferation. In terms of applications, (+/-)-Syringaresinol is studied for its potential therapeutic effects in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Its antioxidant properties make it a candidate for mitigating oxidative stress-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders and certain cancers. Furthermore, research is ongoing into its potential role in anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective therapies. The ability of (+/-)-Syringaresinol to influence cellular processes makes it an interesting subject for further pharmacological studies, with implications for developing novel therapeutic agents.

Lactone

Podophyllol is a naturally occurring lignan, which is derived from the roots and rhizomes of plants belonging to the genus Podophyllum, such as Podophyllum peltatum and Podophyllum emodi. It acts primarily as an antimitotic agent, disrupting microtubule formation during cell division, which makes it effective against rapidly dividing cells. Podophyllol's primary mode of action involves binding to tubulin, inhibiting the assembly of microtubules, thereby arresting cells in the metaphase of mitosis. This mechanism underlies its utility in inhibiting the proliferation of virally-infected cells and certain fungi. In clinical applications, Podophyllol is primarily used for its antiviral properties, particularly in the treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related warts. Its antifungal activity also makes it a candidate for further investigation in fungal infection management. Additionally, efforts are being made to explore its potential applications in cancer treatment, leveraging its antimitotic effects. The compound's complex bioactivity profile continues to attract scientific interest for its therapeutic potential in diverse pathological conditions.

Picropodophyllotoxin (AXL 1717) is a cyclolignan alkaloid found in the mayapple plant family (Podophyllum peltatum), and a small molecule inhibitor of the

4-Deoxypodophyllotoxin is a natural lignan, which is a type of secondary metabolite. It is primarily sourced from the roots and rhizomes of several plants belonging to the Podophyllum species, such as Podophyllum hexandrum. This compound exhibits its mode of action by interfering with microtubule assembly, thus disrupting cell division and leading to apoptotic cell death. Its effectiveness at halting mitosis makes it a subject of interest in cancer research. The uses and applications of 4-Deoxypodophyllotoxin extend beyond oncology; it has been investigated for its antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. The compound’s ability to induce apoptosis in cancerous cells without affecting normal cells highlights its potential as a therapeutic agent. Furthermore, its role in modulating biological pathways offers promising prospects for developing new treatments targeting various diseases. Research efforts continue to explore its full range of activities, aiming to harness its therapeutic potential safely and effectively.