Flavonoids

2'-Hydroxyflavonol is a flavonoid derivative, which is a polyphenolic compound commonly found in plants. This compound is derived from natural sources, particularly various fruits, vegetables, and roots. Its mode of action is primarily through its role as an antioxidant, where it scavenges free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress. Furthermore, it can modulate multiple signaling pathways, contributing to its various bioactivities. 2'-Hydroxyflavonol has been studied extensively for its potential applications in the fields of pharmacology and biochemistry. It has exhibited properties such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities in different experimental models. Researchers are interested in its potential as a therapeutic agent due to its ability to interact with and modulate biological processes. Additionally, it serves as a valuable compound in the study of flavonoid activity and their mechanisms of action in living systems, offering insights into its possible roles in disease prevention and health promotion.

Prunetin-4'-glucoside is a specialized flavonoid compound, categorized as a glucoside, which is derived from natural plant sources. This glycosylated form of prunetin is found in various plants and serves as part of the plant's defense mechanism. Its mode of action involves antioxidative properties that neutralize free radicals, thus protecting cellular structures from oxidative damage. This mechanism is crucial as oxidative stress is implicated in numerous diseases. Scientific studies are exploring the potential applications of Prunetin-4'-glucoside in the field of medicine and nutrition due to its antioxidative capabilities. It is being investigated for its role in modulating inflammatory pathways and its potential therapeutic effects in cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. Additionally, the compound's ability to act as a signaling molecule makes it an interesting candidate for further biochemical and pharmacological studies. As our understanding deepens, Prunetin-4'-glucoside may become a significant component in the development of novel therapeutic agents.

Isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside analytical standard provided with chromatographic purity, to be used as reference material for qualitative determination.

Eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside, a flavonoid in pistachio skin, activates Nrf2 and protects against Cisplatin toxicity.

5,6,7-Trimethoxyflavone is a specialized flavonoid compound, which is derived from natural plant sources. This compound exists primarily in certain species of the plant kingdom, such as citrus fruits, where it is part of a group of polyphenolic compounds known for their diverse biological activities. Its structure is characterized by the presence of three methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, and 7 on the flavone backbone, contributing to its distinct biochemical properties. The mode of action of 5,6,7-Trimethoxyflavone involves interaction with various cellular pathways, including enzyme modulation and receptor activity. It has been shown to influence pathways related to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer activities, although the precise mechanisms underpinning these actions are complex and multifaceted. Its ability to interfere with and modulate intricate signaling cascades makes it a compound of great interest in pharmacological research. The applications of 5,6,7-Trimethoxyflavone are broad, encompassing potential therapeutic uses in areas such as oncology, neurology, and cardiovascular health. Research and clinical studies are ongoing to explore its full spectrum of benefits and to better understand its physiological impacts and therapeutic potential.

Oxygen-heterocyclic compound

Quercetin 3-b-D-galactoside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is a type of polyphenolic compound. It is derived primarily from various fruits and vegetables, as it is a naturally occurring plant metabolite. This compound acts as an antioxidant, scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. Quercetin 3-b-D-galactoside is studied for its potential anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive effects. Its antioxidative properties make it a candidate for research into neuroprotective and cardioprotective applications. Additionally, it may play roles in modulating immune responses and protecting cells against various forms of damage. This compound is of interest in the field of natural product research and biochemistry for its potential therapeutic applications, as well as its role in plant biology. Scientists investigate it to understand better the mechanisms by which flavonoids can contribute to health and disease prevention. Its ability to interact with multiple cellular pathways positions it as a valuable compound for further exploration in medicinal chemistry and nutrition science.

Apigenin-7-glucoside is a naturally occurring flavonoid glycoside, which is derived primarily from various plant sources, including parsley, celery, chamomile, and some fruits. This compound is formed when apigenin, a flavonoid, is conjugated with a glucose molecule. The interaction with glucose enhances its solubility and bioavailability in biological systems. The mode of action of Apigenin-7-glucoside involves modulation of various biological pathways. It exhibits antioxidant properties by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting oxidative stress. Additionally, it may interact with cellular signaling pathways involved in inflammation and cell cycle regulation, potentially exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. Apigenin-7-glucoside is utilized in research for its potential therapeutic applications. It is studied for its role in preventing oxidative damage and managing inflammatory conditions. Its effects on cellular proliferation and apoptosis make it a candidate for cancer research. Understanding its bioactivity may contribute to the development of pharmaceuticals or nutraceuticals aimed at improving health outcomes related to oxidative stress and inflammation.

Natural glycoside

Flavanone hydrazone (FH) is a natural compound that has been found to have antiviral activity against a number of viruses, including the papilloma virus and picornavirus. The antiviral activity of FH is due to its ability to inhibit the shikimate pathway, which is required for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids from chorismate. This inhibition prevents the production of viral proteins, leading to cell death. FH also has an inhibitory effect on hepatitis C virus and leukoplakia by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis. It may also be used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis.

Applications rac-Hesperetin 7-O-Sulfate Sodium Salt is a metabolite of rac-Hesperetin (H289501); a derivative of Hesperidine (H281185) with potential antihyperglycemic activity. References Zhang, B., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 22, 7194 (2012)

4',7-Dimethoxyisoflavone is a synthetic isoflavone, which is structurally related to compounds naturally found in certain plants, particularly legumes. This compound is engineered to mimic the bioactive properties of naturally occurring isoflavones, which have been studied for their potential health benefits. The mode of action of 4',7-Dimethoxyisoflavone involves modulating signaling pathways that are related to cellular growth and hormonal activity. It may influence pathways such as estrogen receptor signaling, although it possesses distinct properties compared to phytoestrogens found in soy products. Research into 4',7-Dimethoxyisoflavone explores its potential applications in sports science and medicine, primarily focusing on its ability to support muscle growth and recovery, as well as its potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Scientists investigate this compound for its role in modulating metabolic processes, which could have implications for overall health and well-being. Studies continue to examine its precise biological effects, safety profile, and efficacy in various models to fully understand its utility in scientific and medical contexts.

Gallocatechin gallate is a flavonoid compound that can be isolated from the plant Gelsemium elegans and has antiviral activity.

Oxygen-heterocyclic compound

5-Methoxyflavanone is a synthetic flavonoid compound, which is derived from chemical modifications of naturally occurring flavonoids. These modifications often enhance bioavailability and activity compared to their natural counterparts. This compound functions primarily through its antioxidant activity, scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress within biological systems. This mode of action is vital in cellular protection against damage caused by oxidative agents. 5-Methoxyflavanone has been widely studied for its potential applications in various scientific fields, particularly in pharmacology and biochemistry. Its abilities to modulate oxidative pathways make it a candidate for research into therapeutic interventions for diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as neurodegenerative disorders and chronic inflammatory conditions. Further exploration of its cellular interactions and efficacy in vivo can provide deeper insights into its role within biological systems and potential translational applications. Scientists are particularly interested in the compound's interactions at the molecular level to potentially develop novel therapeutic agents.

Isosinensetin is a polymethoxyflavone, which is a type of flavonoid compound. It is primarily sourced from citrus fruits, particularly those belonging to the genus Citrus, such as oranges and tangerines. The compound's mode of action is largely attributed to its various biochemical interactions, such as modulation of signaling pathways, antioxidant activity, and potential anti-inflammatory effects. These actions may influence cellular processes, contributing to its health-promoting properties. In scientific studies, isosinensetin has shown potential applications in a range of therapeutic areas. Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties make it a candidate for research in chronic disease prevention and management. Moreover, its ability to modulate cellular signaling could provide insights into cancer research, where it might affect tumor growth and metastasis. While further studies are necessary to fully understand its mechanisms and efficacy, isosinensetin continues to be a compound of interest for researchers exploring natural products with health benefits.

Loureirin B is a natural polyphenolic compound, which is derived from the resin of Dracaena cochinchinensis, commonly known as Dragon's Blood. This compound exhibits its mode of action primarily through the inhibition of key inflammatory pathways, including the suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Such mechanisms suggest its potential in modulating inflammatory responses effectively. Loureirin B is utilized in various scientific investigations focused on its pharmacological potentials, particularly in the realms of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant research. Its applications extend to exploring therapeutic strategies for inflammatory diseases and conditions characterized by excessive oxidative stress. This compound is also of interest for its potential roles in vascular biology, including the modulation of platelet aggregation, thus presenting opportunities for the development of novel medical interventions.

Keracyanin chloride (Cyanidin 3-rutinoside chloride), an anthocyanin compound, exhibits antioxidant properties.

Luteolin-6-C-glucoside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is a bioactive compound derived from various plant sources, including celery, parsley, and certain herbs. This compound is characterized by the attachment of a glucose molecule at the C-6 position of luteolin, a naturally occurring flavonoid. The mode of action of luteolin-6-C-glucoside primarily involves its antioxidant properties, where it neutralizes free radicals and reduces oxidative stress within biological systems. In addition to its antioxidant activity, luteolin-6-C-glucoside has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic effects. It modulates signaling pathways and enzymes involved in inflammation, providing a mechanism for its therapeutic potential in chronic conditions. Its applications extend to research in pharmacology and biochemistry, where it serves as a valuable compound in the study of disease mechanisms and the development of dietary supplements and nutraceuticals. Scientific interest in luteolin-6-C-glucoside continues to grow, aiming to elucidate its role in health promotion and disease prevention.

Natural glycoside

Oxygen-heterocyclic compound

Petanin is a natural compound isolated from the fruit of Lycium barbarum. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as protective effects against UV radiation. Petanin is used in dietary supplements and works in synergy with other nutrients to help protect cells and repair skin damage.

Kaempferol 3-O-b-D-glucuronide is a bioactive flavonoid glucuronide, which is a naturally occurring compound found in various plants, fruits, and vegetables. It is formed through the glucuronidation of the parent compound, kaempferol, a process which enhances its solubility and bioavailability. This compound exhibits significant antioxidant activity through its ability to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress within biological systems. The primary mode of action of Kaempferol 3-O-b-D-glucuronide involves modulation of several signaling pathways that are pivotal in the regulation of cellular oxidative responses and inflammation. These pathways include the Nrf2/ARE pathway and the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which contribute to its protective effects in cellular environments. Applications of Kaempferol 3-O-b-D-glucuronide extend to various fields such as nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and functional foods, where its antioxidative properties can be harnessed for the development of products aimed at improving health and well-being. Additionally, it is of considerable interest in research focused on understanding its potential preventive and therapeutic roles in diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer.

3'-Hydroxy-5'-prenylbiochanin A is a prenylated isoflavone, which is a type of naturally occurring polyphenolic compound. It is predominantly sourced from various plant species, particularly those belonging to the Fabaceae family, such as legumes and soy. These compounds are often found in the plant's roots, stems, and leaves and play crucial roles in plant defense mechanisms. The mode of action of 3'-Hydroxy-5'-prenylbiochanin A involves antioxidant activity, where it neutralizes reactive oxygen species and reduces oxidative stress within biological systems. This antioxidant property is attributed to its ability to donate hydrogen atoms or electrons to free radicals, thereby stabilizing them and preventing cellular damage. In terms of applications, 3'-Hydroxy-5'-prenylbiochanin A is of interest for its potential therapeutic benefits in various biomedical fields. Its antioxidant capabilities suggest usefulness in developing treatments for conditions related to oxidative stress, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and certain types of cancer. Additionally, as a compound of interest in nutraceuticals, it may contribute to dietary supplements aimed at promoting general health and wellness by mitigating the effects of environmental stressors on the human body.

Sinensetin is a polymethoxyflavone, which is a type of flavonoid compound. It is predominantly sourced from citrus peels, particularly those of oranges. The compound exhibits multiple biological activities, primarily through its mode of action that involves modulating inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress responses. Sinensetin achieves this by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes such as cyclooxygenase, thereby reducing inflammation processes at the cellular level. The uses and applications of Sinensetin are diverse in the realm of scientific research, particularly in pharmacology and nutraceutical development. It is studied for its potential roles in modulating chronic inflammation-related conditions, such as arthritis and cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, Sinensetin is being explored for its antioxidant properties, contributing to cell protection against oxidative damage, which is a crucial aspect in the prevention of various degenerative diseases. In addition to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities, ongoing research aims to uncover further therapeutic potentials of this bioactive compound, enhancing our understanding of its role in human health.

Sophoraflavanone C is a flavonoid compound, which is derived from the root of the Sophora flavescens plant. This natural product is categorized as a prenylated flavonoid, a group known for diverse biological activities. Sophoraflavanone C exerts its effects through multiple modes of action, including the inhibition of microbial growth and anti-inflammatory pathways. Its antimicrobial properties are attributed to the disruption of bacterial cell walls and inhibition of critical microbial enzymes. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory effects are mediated by the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of key signaling pathways such as NF-kB. Sophoraflavanone C has been researched extensively for its potential applications in pharmaceutical and therapeutic contexts. It is primarily studied for its role in treating infections and inflammatory conditions. Moreover, its efficacy against certain strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria makes it a compound of interest in the development of new antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, the compound’s ability to modulate inflammation highlights its potential in managing diseases characterized by chronic inflammation. As research continues, Sophoraflavanone C holds promise as a significant tool in the arsenal against microbial resistance and inflammatory diseases.

Natural glycoside

Natural glycoside

Oxygen-heterocyclic compound

Calopogoniumisoflavone B is a naturally occurring isoflavone, which is a type of phytochemical compound derived primarily from Calopogonium species. This product is isolated from the plant's roots and stems, where it functions as a secondary metabolite. Isoflavones are well known for their phytoestrogenic properties, meaning they can mimic or modulate the action of estrogen in the body by binding to estrogen receptors. This mode of action allows isoflavones to potentially influence various biological pathways related to hormone regulation and cellular growth. Calopogoniumisoflavone B is primarily investigated for its applications in the field of medicinal and pharmaceutical sciences. It has been studied for its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. These properties make it a candidate for research into therapies for conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and hormone-related disorders. Its ability to interact with cellular mechanisms involved in oxidative stress and inflammation positions it as a subject of interest for developing novel therapeutic agents. Continued research is focused on elucidating the full range of biological activities and potential health benefits associated with this isoflavone.

Biochanin A-7-O-glucoside is a naturally occurring isoflavone glucoside, which is derived from various plants, particularly red clover and soy. It is a secondary metabolite, commonly found in legumes and other related species. The mode of action of Biochanin A-7-O-glucoside involves its structural ability to act as an antioxidant, scavenging free radicals and mitigating oxidative stress. This biochemical property allows it to influence various molecular pathways related to cell signaling and gene expression. Biochanin A-7-O-glucoside is utilized extensively in scientific research due to its potential therapeutic applications. It is studied for its role in modulating enzyme activities, such as those involved in phase I and phase II drug metabolism, and its interactions with estrogen receptors. Additionally, it is being explored for its anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential, aiming to elucidate mechanisms that could be leveraged in disease prevention and treatment. Biochanin A-7-O-glucoside’s multifaceted biological activities make it a compound of interest in pharmacological and nutraceutical research, providing insights into its effects at cellular and molecular levels.

Linarin analytical standard provided with w/w absolute assay, to be used for quantitative titration.

7,3',4',5'-Tetramethoxyflavanone is a flavanone derivative, which is a type of polyphenolic compound. These compounds are prevalent in various plant sources, particularly in citrus fruits and other flavonoid-rich botanicals. Flavanones, such as this compound, are synthesized through the methylation of hydroxy flavanones, which alters their solubility and bioactivity profiles. The mode of action of 7,3',4',5'-Tetramethoxyflavanone is associated with its role as an antioxidant and potential modulator of certain biological pathways. It may interact with cellular signaling cascades involved in oxidative stress response, exhibiting activity that can influence enzyme function and gene expression. This flavanone has been studied for its potential effects on various health parameters, offering insight into its therapeutic potential. The uses and applications of 7,3',4',5'-Tetramethoxyflavanone are primarily explored within the realm of biochemical and pharmaceutical research. Its ability to engage in antioxidant activities and modulate pathogenic mechanisms makes it a candidate for investigation in the development of novel therapeutics. Researchers are particularly interested in its implications for addressing inflammation, cancer, and other chronic conditions where oxidative damage plays a crucial role.

Kaempferol 6-C-glucoside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is a natural compound found in various plant sources, particularly in leaves and fruits. It is a type of C-glycosyl flavonoid, where the glucose moiety is bound directly to the carbon atom of the flavonoid skeleton, differentiating it from the more common O-glycosides. The mode of action of Kaempferol 6-C-glucoside involves its antioxidant capabilities, which enable it to scavenge free radicals and mitigate oxidative stress within biological systems. Additionally, it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, possibly by modulating signaling pathways and inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Kaempferol 6-C-glucoside has a range of research applications due to its bioactive properties. It is extensively studied for its potential roles in health-related areas, including cancer prevention, cardiovascular health, and neuroprotection. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions make it a molecule of interest in understanding and developing therapeutic strategies for chronic diseases influenced by oxidative and inflammatory processes. Researchers are exploring its pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and the molecular mechanisms underlying its biological effects.

3,7,3'-Trimethoxyflavone is a type of flavonoid, which is a class of polyphenolic compounds. It is naturally occurring and can be derived from certain plant species. Flavonoids are well-known for their presence in fruits, vegetables, and various other plant sources, contributing to the plants' color, flavor, and disease resistance. The mechanism of action of 3,7,3'-Trimethoxyflavone primarily involves modulation of various cellular pathways, often exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. By influencing signaling pathways, it may alter gene expression and enzymatic activity, thereby impacting cellular responses and physiological processes. This compound has been studied for its potential therapeutic applications, including roles in cancer prevention, cardiovascular health, and neuroprotection. Due to its ability to interact with different biochemical pathways, it is also considered of interest in pharmaceutical research, particularly for its potential in developing novel therapeutic agents that can target multiple disease processes simultaneously. Further investigations are warranted to fully elucidate its mechanisms and optimize its use in scientific and medical settings.

3,5,6,2'-Tetrahydroxyflavone is a hydroxylated flavone compound, which is a type of polyphenolic compound widely recognized for its potential antioxidant properties. Naturally occurring in various plant sources, it can be isolated from species commonly known for their medicinal or nutritional benefits. The mode of action of 3,5,6,2'-Tetrahydroxyflavone involves its ability to scavenge free radicals and chelate metal ions, thereby interrupting oxidative stress pathways. Its potent antioxidant activity is attributed to the hydroxyl groups that play a crucial role in neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS). This compound has gained attention for its potential applications in biological and medical research. It is studied for its role in mitigating oxidative stress-related cellular damage, which has implications in chronic diseases, aging, and cancer research. Additionally, it may contribute to research areas exploring neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. Given its multifaceted action, 3,5,6,2'-Tetrahydroxyflavone is a significant focus in the development of nutraceuticals and functional food components aimed at health promotion and disease prevention.

Nujol is used for the synthetic resin used for cosmetics, fiber oil, food, medicine, as automotive lubricant, home decoration and in candle making. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

Oxygen-heterocyclic compound

Natural glycoside

Oxygen-heterocyclic compound

Natural glycoside

Natural glycoside

Dihydrocitrin is a natural product that belongs to the group of flavonoids. It is an HPLC standard and can be used as a reference material. The concentration of dihydrocitrin in plants varies depending on the type of plant. Dihydrocitrin is found in various plants, such as citrus fruits, grapes, apples, and tea leaves. Dihydrocitrin has been shown to have antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory effects.

Glyasperin C is a bioactive compound derived from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, commonly known as liquorice. This product is a phytochemical isolated from the roots of the liquorice plant, a member of the Fabaceae family. Glycyrrhiza uralensis has been traditionally utilized in various medicinal practices, primarily due to its diverse range of biologically active constituents. The mode of action of Glyasperin C involves modulation of inflammatory pathways, exhibiting significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. This is achieved through the inhibition of enzymes and cytokines involved in inflammation, as well as the scavenging of free radicals. Glyasperin C is used extensively in research focusing on inflammatory diseases, liver protection, and gastric ulcer healing. It is also employed in studies of antiviral activity due to its ability to interfere with viral replication. As a natural product with therapeutic potential, Glyasperin C continues to be of high interest in pharmacological and biomedical research, inviting further investigation into its mechanisms and applications.

Oxygen-heterocyclic compound

Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside analytical standard provided with w/w absolute assay, to be used for quantitative titration.

Cirsimarin is a natural flavonoid compound, which is extracted from certain plant species, primarily in the Asteraceae family. It functions by modulating various biochemical pathways through its potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective activities. Cirsimarin exerts its effects by scavenging free radicals, inhibiting inflammatory mediators, and supporting liver function through upregulation of detoxifying enzymes. This compound is primarily studied for its therapeutic potential in managing conditions associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, such as liver diseases and cardiovascular disorders. Researchers are particularly interested in its ability to reduce oxidative damage and improve lipid profiles, making it a subject of interest in the development of supplements or pharmacological agents aiming to mitigate the risks associated with chronic inflammatory and oxidative conditions. The ongoing exploration of Cirsimarin underscores its significance in the field of natural product chemistry and pharmacology.

Peltatoside analytical standard provided with w/w absolute assay, to be used for quantitative titration.

Oxygen-heterocyclic compound

Luteolin analytical standard provided with w/w absolute assay, to be used for quantitative titration.

Silymarin, a liver-aiding polyphenolic flavonoid, is extracted from milk thistle seeds.

Hamaudol, from Saposhnikovia divaricata, has pain-relief and anti-inflammatory effects, inhibits COX-1/COX-2 (0.30/0.57 mM).

3,7,4'-Trihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-prenylflavanone, (2R,3S)- is a naturally occurring prenylated flavanone, which is primarily sourced from various plant species. This compound is part of the larger flavonoid family and is often found in certain medicinal plants known for their wide range of therapeutic properties. Its structure comprises a flavanone backbone, modified by hydroxyl, methoxy, and prenyl groups that contribute to its distinctive chemical profile. The mode of action of 3,7,4'-Trihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-prenylflavanone is attributed to its interaction with various biomolecular targets, which may include enzymes, receptors, or regulatory proteins. This interaction frequently leads to modulation of cellular pathways, exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or anti-cancer effects depending on the context. Scientifically, this compound is valuable for its potential applications in developing novel therapeutic agents. Research often explores its role in mitigating oxidative stress or as part of combinatorial strategies in cancer treatment, leveraging its ability to modify key signaling pathways. Further investigation is warranted to fully elucidate its mechanism and exploit its bioactive potential in pharmacological settings.

Quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is a specialized type of bioactive compound found predominantly in various plants. Structurally, it constitutes quercetin-a well-known flavonoid-conjugated with a glucose molecule, specifically at the 7th position of the quercetin structure. This compound is primarily sourced from fruits, vegetables, and various herbs. The mode of action of Quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside involves its role as a potent antioxidant. This functionality is mediated through its ability to scavenge free radicals and modulate oxidative stress pathways within biological systems. By directly interacting with reactive oxygen species (ROS), it can mitigate cellular damage and influence signaling cascades related to inflammation and cellular survival. In terms of its uses and applications, Quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is extensively studied for its potential health benefits. It is of particular interest in research related to cardiovascular health, cancer prevention, and anti-inflammatory activity. Additionally, due to its structural properties, it is increasingly evaluated within pharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulations seeking to leverage its bioefficacy.

Genistein is a naturally occurring isoflavone, which is derived primarily from soy products and other legumes. Its chemical structure allows it to mimic the function of 17-beta-estradiol, a form of estrogen, by binding to estrogen receptors. This selective binding primarily targets estrogen receptor beta, leading to a range of biological effects. Moreover, Genistein exhibits antioxidant properties by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting oxidative stress. The uses and applications of Genistein are vast and varied within the scientific community. It is extensively studied for its potential benefits in cancer research, particularly in reducing the risk of hormone-dependent cancers such as breast and prostate cancer. Additionally, its role in modulating bone metabolism makes it a compound of interest in osteoporosis studies. Genistein's ability to influence cellular processes via signal transduction pathways also underlines its importance in cardiovascular health research, where it may contribute to improved vascular function and reduced cholesterol levels. As a phytoestrogen, Genistein's impact on menopausal symptoms and its potential neuroprotective effects are further areas of active investigation.

Biochanin A analytical standard provided with w/w absolute assay, to be used for quantitative titration.

3,7-Dihydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxyflavone analytical standard provided with chromatographic purity, to be used as reference material for qualitative determination.

Scutellarein tetramethyl ether (4',5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavone) is extracted from Siam weeds and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through NF-κB pathway.

Silybin analytical standard provided with chromatographic purity, to be used as reference material for qualitative determination.

5-Hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound, which is typically isolated from plant sources, most notably citrus fruits. The compound functions primarily as a modulator of various biological pathways through its interaction with enzyme systems and receptor sites. This includes the modulation of signaling pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular apoptosis. The action of 5-Hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone is characterized by its ability to influence the activity of key cellular enzymes, including kinases, and it is known to exhibit antioxidant properties by scavenging reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, it has been observed to interact with estrogen receptor sites, suggesting potential endocrine-related applications. Researchers are exploring its uses in a variety of therapeutic contexts, particularly due to its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Studies investigate its potential for application in the management of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, as well as its role in reducing inflammation-related conditions. Its broad-spectrum activity makes it a compound of significant interest in the development of new pharmacological treatments.

3,5,7,8,3',4'-Hexahydroxyflavone is a specialized flavonoid, which is a type of polyphenolic compound found naturally in plants. This compound is derived from various botanical sources, particularly in leaves and peels where flavonoids are abundant. The presence of multiple hydroxyl groups contributes to its potent antioxidant activity, allowing it to scavenge free radicals effectively. The mode of action of 3,5,7,8,3',4'-Hexahydroxyflavone involves the stabilization of free radicals and prevention of oxidative stress at the cellular level. By donating hydrogen atoms or electrons, it neutralizes reactive oxygen species, thus protecting cellular components such as lipids, proteins, and DNA from oxidative damage. This compound's uses and applications pertain primarily to biomedical research due to its antioxidant properties. It is being studied for its potential role in mitigating oxidative stress-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancer. Researchers are also exploring its therapeutic potential in enhancing skin health and its possibilities in nutraceutical formulations. The multifaceted biochemical interactions and protective mechanisms of this flavonoid make it a subject of significant interest in scientific investigations.

5-Methyl 7-methoxyisoflavone is a synthetic isoflavone derivative, which is typically sourced in the laboratory through chemical synthesis processes involving the modification of plant-derived isoflavones. This compound is structurally similar to certain natural flavonoids but is characterized by the addition of the methyl and methoxy groups, which are not found in its natural counterparts. The proposed mode of action for 5-Methyl 7-methoxyisoflavone involves the modulation of various signaling pathways related to muscle growth and bone health. It may influence calcium and nitrogen retention, potentially enhancing protein synthesis or reducing protein breakdown in muscle tissue. However, the precise biochemical mechanisms and pathways remain a subject of ongoing research and scrutiny. In terms of applications, 5-Methyl 7-methoxyisoflavone has been investigated primarily in the realm of sports science and nutrition, where it is hypothesized to offer anabolic-like effects without the adverse side effects commonly associated with steroid use. Its purported uses include supporting muscle growth, enhancing physical performance, and improving bone density. Nonetheless, the scientific validation of these claims requires further rigorous, peer-reviewed studies to substantiate efficacy and safety in human models.

Oxygen-heterocyclic compound