Flavonoids

Procyanidin B2 analytical standard provided with chromatographic purity, to be used as reference material for qualitative determination.

6-Methoxy-3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavone is a natural flavonoid derivative, which is primarily sourced from various plants known for their high polyphenolic content. It plays a significant role in the plant's defense mechanism due to its ability to scavenge free radicals and protect against oxidative stress. This compound exerts its mode of action through its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capabilities, primarily by modulating signaling pathways and inhibiting the activity of enzymes involved in inflammation. The uses and applications of 6-Methoxy-3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavone span across numerous scientific and medical fields. It is extensively studied for its potential therapeutic effects, which include the amelioration of chronic inflammatory conditions and protection against neurodegenerative diseases. Researchers continue to explore its role in modulating the immune response and its potential benefits in cancer research due to its ability to interfere with carcinogenesis and promote apoptosis in malignant cells. This compound's multifaceted properties make it a subject of interest in the development of new pharmacological interventions.

5-Hydroxy-7,2',3',4',5'-pentamethoxyflavone is a flavone that can be found in coffee. It has been shown to inhibit the enzyme arabinose isomerase and psiadiarabin, which are involved in the conversion of sugar into energy in plants. 5-Hydroxy-7,2',3',4',5'-pentamethoxyflavone also inhibits the plant enzyme phytase, which breaks down phytic acid. Phytic acid is a naturally occurring substance that binds to minerals such as calcium and zinc, preventing their absorption by the body. This compound has not shown any significant activity against bacterial DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV or human DNA gyrase or topoisomerase II.

3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone is a flavonoid compound, which is a naturally occurring polyphenolic phytochemical. These compounds are commonly sourced from various plants, where they are present in fruits, vegetables, and certain herbs. Flavonoids such as 3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone are known for their role in plant pigmentation and protection against environmental stressors. The mode of action of 3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone involves its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. It achieves these effects by scavenging free radicals and modulating various signaling pathways involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, such as NF-κB and MAPK pathways. This modulation helps in reducing cellular damage and maintaining homeostasis within biological systems. The uses and applications of 3,7,4'-Trihydroxyflavone are extensive in the field of biomedical research. It is studied for its potential therapeutic benefits in various oxidative stress-related and inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative conditions, and cancers. Additionally, its role as a bioactive phytochemical makes it a subject of interest in developing nutraceuticals and functional foods aimed at promoting health and preventing disease.

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Icariin analytical standard provided with w/w absolute assay, to be used for quantitative titration.

Mitochondrial ATPase and phosphodiesterase inhibitor

Quercetin dihydrate used as a Inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase, mitochondrial ATPase and phosphodiesterase inhibitor. It Inhibits PI3-kinase activity and slightly inhibits PIP kinase activity. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

Swertisin is a naturally occurring flavonoid, which is extracted primarily from medicinal plants like Swertia and Enicostemma species. This compound is a C-glycosyl flavone, found in various herbs traditionally used in different cultural medicinal practices. The mode of action of Swertisin involves its interaction with cellular pathways, leading to anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and potential anti-diabetic effects. These bioactivities are primarily mediated through modulation of enzyme activity and gene expression related to oxidative stress and inflammation. Swertisin's applications extend beyond its anti-inflammatory properties. It has been researched for its potential in managing metabolic disorders such as diabetes due to its ability to influence glucose metabolism. Additionally, its antioxidant properties suggest a role in protecting cells from oxidative damage, which is linked to aging and chronic diseases. Current studies are exploring its wider pharmacological potential, including neuroprotective effects. Swertisin represents an area of significant interest in pharmacognosy and phytotherapy, promising a deeper understanding of its mechanism and potential therapeutic benefits.

Skullcapflavone II, from Scutellaria baicalensis, targets inflammation, cancer, asthma, bone health, and fights M. aurum/bovis BCG.

Natural glycoside

2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one hydrate is a flavonoid compound, which is a polyphenolic molecule derived primarily from plant sources, particularly fruits, vegetables, and certain herbs. This compound functions as a potent antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals and reducing oxidative stress at the cellular level by donating hydrogen atoms, which plays a critical role in protecting biological macromolecules from damage and contributing to cellular homeostasis. In terms of applications, 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one hydrate is extensively utilized in biochemical research to investigate its role in signaling pathways, its potential therapeutic benefits, and its pharmacological properties like anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. This compound is also of significant interest in the development of nutraceuticals and functional foods, aimed at improving health and mitigating the risks associated with chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disorders and certain cancers. Its effectiveness and interactions in various biological systems continue to be a focal point of scientific studies.

Hematoxylin, a dye from logwood heartwood, stains slides and makes ink.

Natural glycoside

(-)-Homoeriodictyol analytical standard provided with w/w absolute assay, to be used for quantitative titration.

5,7,8-Trihydroxyflavone is a flavonoid compound, which is a type of phytochemical derived from the structural class of polyphenols commonly found in various plants. This specific flavonoid is naturally occurring in certain botanicals and can be isolated through extraction processes. The mode of action of 5,7,8-Trihydroxyflavone involves its interaction with cellular pathways, primarily acting as an antioxidant. It mitigates oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals and upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes. In terms of applications, 5,7,8-Trihydroxyflavone is of significant interest in the field of neuroscience due to its potential neuroprotective properties. Research suggests that it may influence neurotrophic signaling pathways, enhancing neuronal survival and function. Additionally, its antioxidative capabilities are being explored for therapeutic benefits in conditions characterized by oxidative damage and neurodegeneration. Researchers are particularly focused on its implications in aging and age-related neurological disorders, considering its ability to modulate cellular processes related to oxidative damage and neuronal health. Potential applications extend to pharmacological interventions aimed at preventing or mitigating neurodegenerative diseases.

Arvensan is a bioactive compound that acts as a biocide, derived from natural sources such as certain plant species. Its primary mode of action involves disrupting the cellular membranes of target microorganisms, leading to cell lysis and eventual death. This mechanism ensures efficacy against a broad spectrum of bacteria and fungi, demonstrating its potential as a versatile microbial control agent. In practical applications, Arvensan is utilized in various fields requiring microbial management, including agriculture, where it serves to protect crops from pathogen infestation. Additionally, its properties make it suitable for use in the formulation of eco-friendly disinfectants. Research continues to explore its adaptability in other sectors, such as food preservation and healthcare, underscoring its significance as a sustainable alternative to synthetic biocides. The ongoing investigation aims to refine its effectiveness and broaden its application base, making it an intriguing subject for scientific exploration.

Oxygen-heterocyclic compound

Pyraclostrobin is a fungicide, which is a synthetic compound derived from the strobilurin class of fungicidal chemistry. It is characterized as a product of chemical synthesis designed to inhibit fungal growth through its unique mode of action. Pyraclostrobin functions by disrupting mitochondrial respiration in the targeted fungi, specifically inhibiting electron transfer at the cytochrome bc1 complex. This interference halts ATP production, ultimately leading to the death of the fungal cells. The primary use of Pyraclostrobin is in agriculture, where it is applied to crops to control a wide variety of fungal pathogens. Its applications span across numerous crops including cereals, fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals. The compound is valued for its broad-spectrum efficacy and protective qualities, contributing to improved plant health and yield. Researchers are continually investigating the compound's behavior in various environmental contexts to enhance its application and understand any resistance development among target fungi.

7,8-Dihydroxyflavanone is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound, which is typically sourced from various plant species. This compound is structurally characterized by two hydroxyl groups, which are crucial for its biochemical activity. Its mode of action primarily involves the modulation of cellular signaling pathways, including those related to oxidative stress and enzyme inhibition. By interfering with these pathways, 7,8-Dihydroxyflavanone exerts antioxidant and possibly anti-inflammatory effects. In scientific research, this compound is of interest due to its potential therapeutic applications. Studies suggest that it may play a role in neuroprotection, suggesting uses in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Additionally, its antioxidant properties are being explored for broader applications in reducing cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Continued investigation into its bioavailability and mechanistic pathways could further elucidate its potential benefits and applications in pharmacology and medicine.

Conrauinone C is an alkaloid, which is a type of naturally occurring chemical compound. It is derived from certain plants, particularly those found in tropical regions, belonging to the Apocynaceae family. This alkaloid exhibits its mode of action by interacting with specific molecular targets in biological systems, potentially modulating cellular pathways and affecting enzyme activity. The uses and applications of Conrauinone C primarily include research into its pharmacological properties. It is studied for its potential therapeutic effects, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, or antimicrobial activities. These studies typically involve in vitro and in vivo experiments designed to unravel its complex bioactivity profile. By understanding the interactions and effects of Conrauinone C at the molecular level, scientists aim to explore its utility as a lead compound for drug development or as a tool in chemical biology to better understand biological processes.

Schaftoside analytical standard provided with chromatographic purity, to be used as reference material for qualitative determination.

Isoschaftoside is a bioactive flavonoid glycoside, which is derived from various plant sources, particularly those within the Fabaceae and Poaceae families. This compound is a result of the glycosylation of apigenin, a well-known flavonoid. The mode of action of isoschaftoside involves its role as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. It achieves this by scavenging free radicals and modulating inflammatory pathways, thus contributing to cellular protection and immune response regulation. The uses and applications of isoschaftoside are significant in the realm of biochemistry and pharmacology. Due to its antioxidant properties, it is extensively studied for its potential in mitigating oxidative stress-related conditions. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory effects are of interest in developing treatments for inflammatory diseases. Research also explores its antitumor and antimicrobial activities, as its presence in traditional medicine hints at a broader therapeutic potential. Scientists continue to investigate its efficacy and underlying mechanisms to unlock its full spectrum of applications in drug development and nutritional science.

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(-)-Catechin gallate inhibits 6PGD, IDH, Beta-secretase, and fights chloroquine-sensitive/resistant Plasmodium falciparum.

Applications A metabolite of the flavanoid Quercetin (Q509500) with antioxidant properties. It helps to protect H9c2 cardiomyoblasts against H2O2-induced oxidative stress via the modulation of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. References Duenas, M. et al.: Eur. Food Res. Technol., 232, 103 (2011); Ameho, C.K. et al.: J. Nutrit. Biochem., 19, 467 (2008); Angeloni, C. et al.: Biochimie, 89, 73 (2007);

3,7-Dihydroxy-5,8-dimethoxyflavanone is a flavonoid derivative, which is a type of polyphenolic compound commonly found in various plants. Flavonoids are known for their wide-ranging biological activities and are often studied for their roles in plant defense mechanisms. This compound can be sourced from plants such as those in the genus Citrus, where it contributes to the plant's metabolic pathways and confers resistance against pathogens. The mode of action of 3,7-Dihydroxy-5,8-dimethoxyflavanone primarily involves its role as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. It achieves this by scavenging free radicals and modulating signaling pathways that are involved in inflammatory responses. These activities make it a subject of interest in the field of pharmacological research, particularly for its potential applications in mitigating oxidative stress-related conditions. The uses and applications of 3,7-Dihydroxy-5,8-dimethoxyflavanone are primarily in the realm of scientific research. Researchers investigate its properties to explore therapeutic prospects, such as in the development of treatments for diseases linked to inflammation and oxidative stress. It is also utilized in the study of plant biochemistry and the exploration of natural products as novel drug compounds.

(-)-Epiafzelechin is a flavan-3-ol compound, which is a type of flavonoid. It is derived primarily from plant sources, including various tea leaves and cocoa. The compound is known for its potent antioxidant properties, which act by neutralizing free radicals and thereby reducing oxidative stress within biological systems. This action helps in maintaining cellular integrity and function, which is crucial in preventing various oxidative damage-related diseases. (-)-Epiafzelechin is of significant interest in the scientific community due to its potential health benefits. Its capacity to modulate oxidative stress suggests it may play a role in various therapeutic applications, including cardiovascular health, neuroprotection, and cancer prevention. Additionally, this compound is involved in anti-inflammatory processes, adding to its potential in treating chronic inflammatory conditions. Ongoing research aims to explore the full spectrum of its bioactivities, elucidate its molecular mechanisms, and assess its clinical efficacy.

Iridin is an isoflavone glycoside derived primarily from the rhizomes of certain species of the Iris plant. As a phytochemical compound, its source is botanical, particularly extracted from Iris versicolor, known commonly as the Blue Flag plant. The mode of action for Iridin involves its role as a glycoside compound, which influences various biochemical pathways in the body. Glycosides like Iridin are known for their potential to modulate enzyme activities, interact with cellular signals, and participate in the process of detoxification within the liver. Iridin is utilized predominantly in traditional and complementary medicine, owing to its reputed detoxifying properties. It has been studied for its potential effects on liver function and digestive health. Additionally, its use extends to scientific research, where it serves as a chemical compound of interest in studies exploring natural product chemistry and pharmacology. Researchers focus on its biochemical interactions and potential therapeutic applications, which continue to be subjects of scientific investigation. This ongoing research contributes to a deeper understanding of its efficacy and possible benefits.

3',5,5',7-Tetrahydroxyflavanone is a flavonoid compound, which is a type of naturally occurring polyphenolic. It is primarily derived from certain plants, often found in those with known medicinal properties. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites in plants and play crucial roles in various biological activities. The mode of action for 3',5,5',7-Tetrahydroxyflavanone involves its antioxidant properties, which enable it to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. This mechanism is pivotal in protecting cellular components from damage induced by reactive oxygen species, thereby contributing to cellular homeostasis and integrity. The uses and applications of 3',5,5',7-Tetrahydroxyflavanone are predominantly in the field of biochemistry and pharmacology. It is studied for its potential health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and heart-protective effects. Researchers explore its therapeutic potential in drug development and nutraceuticals, aiming to harness its bioactive properties for optimizing health outcomes. The compound's ability to modulate various biochemical pathways makes it a subject of interest in ongoing scientific investigations.

Quercetin 3-O-b-D-glucuronide is a flavonoid compound, which is a metabolite of quercetin, found in various fruits and vegetables. This compound, specifically a glucuronide conjugate of quercetin, is derived from plant sources such as apples, onions, and berries. It is formed through phase II metabolism where quercetin is glucuronidated by the enzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. The mode of action of Quercetin 3-O-b-D-glucuronide involves its potential to act as a significant antioxidant, helping neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. It may also influence cell signaling pathways, modulating inflammatory responses and offering protective effects against various oxidative and inflammatory conditions. Applications and uses of Quercetin 3-O-b-D-glucuronide are primarily within the realms of nutritional biochemistry and pharmacology research, where it is studied for its potential benefits in cardiometabolic health, anti-inflammatory action, and neuroprotection. Its role is also being evaluated in the context of dietary supplements, focusing on its bioavailability and contribution to the overarching health benefits of quercetin-rich diets.

Violanthin, from Piper bavinum, blocks AChE (IC50: 79.80 μM) and is a strong antioxidant/antibacterial.

Liquiritin analytical standard provided with w/w absolute assay, to be used for quantitative titration.

6-Prenylnaringenin is a prenylflavonoid, which is a type of isoflavonoid, primarily derived from hops (Humulus lupulus). It is recognized for its potent phytoestrogenic properties, functioning as a selective agonist for estrogen receptors. By binding to estrogen receptors, 6-Prenylnaringenin can modulate estrogenic activities within the body, influencing various biological processes. Research indicates that 6-Prenylnaringenin is particularly effective at interacting with estrogen receptor subtypes, contributing to its potential role in hormone replacement therapies and the alleviation of menopausal symptoms. Additionally, its unique structural features provide it with antioxidant properties, which may offer protective effects against oxidative stress, a contributor to various chronic diseases. Due to its multi-faceted biological activities, 6-Prenylnaringenin has garnered interest for its applications in health supplements and nutraceuticals aimed at supporting women's health, particularly during menopause. Additionally, ongoing research explores its broader implications in metabolic regulation and cardiovascular health, highlighting its potential as a versatile therapeutic agent.

This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

Aureusidin is a flavonoid pigment, which is a type of plant-derived compound. It is primarily sourced from various flowering plants, where it contributes to the coloration of petals. Aureusidin is synthesized through the enzymatic oxidation of chalcones, which involves flavonoid oxidase activity. The mode of action of Aureusidin involves its role as an oxidation catalyst, participating in the modification of chalcones to produce colored compounds within the plant tissues. This process not only impacts the visual attributes of plants but also plays a role in attracting pollinators and providing UV protection. Aureusidin's primary applications are within the fields of botany and plant sciences, where understanding its biosynthetic pathway is essential for manipulating plant pigmentation. This knowledge can be applied in agricultural biotechnology for the development of ornamental plants with desired color traits and in research studying plant-environment interactions. Its role in oxidation processes also makes it a compound of interest for plant physiological studies, particularly those exploring antioxidative responses.

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Oxygen-heterocyclic compound

Natural glycoside

Amentoflavone-7,7'',4',4''-tetramethyl ether is a specialized bioflavonoid derivative, which is synthesized from the natural biflavonoid amentoflavone found in various plant sources, such as Ginkgo biloba and St. John's Wort. The structural modification involving methylation enhances its pharmacokinetic properties, such as bioavailability and metabolic stability, making it a subject of interest in the scientific community. This compound functions through multifaceted modes of action, including modulation of signaling pathways and inhibition of enzymes like cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, which are instrumental in inflammatory and autoimmune processes. Its interactions with cellular receptors and other targets underpin its broad pharmacological profile. The applications of Amentoflavone-7,7'',4',4''-tetramethyl ether span various domains, from serving as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent to providing neuroprotective and antitumor effects. Its role in modulating immune responses and potential therapeutic benefits in neurodegenerative disorders and certain cancers underscore its significance as a compound of interest for further investigation and potential drug development.

Morin is a flavonoid compound, which is a naturally occurring polyphenolic molecule found primarily in the white mulberry tree, Morus alba, and other plant sources. It operates by exhibiting strong antioxidant activity, whereby it scavenges free radicals and chelates metal ions, effectively mitigating oxidative stress within biological systems. Morin's applications are extensive in the field of biochemistry and pharmacology due to its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and potential anticancer properties. It is regularly employed in research settings to study its effects on cellular mechanisms, including apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and gene expression. Additionally, Morin has been investigated for its potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of conventional drugs and protect against drug-induced toxicities. Its role in modulating signaling pathways offers valuable insights into disease prevention and treatment strategies, making it a significant subject of interest in various scientific studies aimed at understanding its comprehensive biological impacts.

Morin hydrate is a flavonoid compound, which is a naturally occurring substance found primarily in the members of the Moraceae family, such as morus or mulberry and other fruits. It possesses significant antioxidant activity, which is achieved through its ability to scavenge free radicals and inhibit oxidative stress pathways. This mechanism of action is primarily due to its capacity to donate hydrogen atoms, thereby neutralizing unstable and reactive oxidative species. Morin hydrate is frequently utilized in laboratory research to investigate its potential therapeutic effects, including its roles in anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. It is commonly used to explore its ability to attenuate oxidative damage in cellular models, making it a valuable tool in studies focused on neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular health, and cancer. Additionally, its potential to modulate enzymatic activities and gene expression further enriches its utility in experimental pharmacology and biochemistry.

Applications A cannabinoid receptor ligand.Synthetic Cannabinoids References Huffman, J., et al.: Bioorg Med. Chem., 9, 2863 (2001), Govaerts, S., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 23, 233 (2004), Bosier, B., et al.: J. Neurochem., 102, 1996 (2007),

Punctatin is a naturally occurring anthraquinone, which is primarily sourced from various plant species. This compound is characterized by its unique chemical structure, which contributes to its potent bioactivity. The mode of action of Punctatin involves the disruption of microbial cell wall synthesis and interference with essential enzymatic functions, rendering it effective against a wide range of microbial pathogens. Punctatin finds applications predominantly in the realm of microbial control, with significant implications in medical and environmental settings. Recent studies have highlighted its efficacy as an antimicrobial agent, making it a candidate for further research in antibiotic development. Additionally, its natural origin and specific mode of action suggest potential utility in situations where conventional antibiotics face resistance issues. Scientists are exploring Punctatin for its potential in diverse applications, from clinical treatments to agricultural uses, where controlling pathogenic microorganisms is critical. This compound thus represents a promising avenue for expanding the arsenal of antimicrobial strategies.

Kaempferol-3,4'-dimethyl ether is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound which is primarily found in various plants. This compound is known for its structural classification as a methylated flavonol, distinguished by the presence of ether groups at the 3 and 4' positions of kaempferol. Derived mainly from botanical sources such as herbs and traditional medicinal plants, it plays a critical role in plant defense mechanisms. Kaempferol-3,4'-dimethyl ether exerts its biological effects through its antioxidant capabilities, scavenging free radicals and potentially modulating various signaling pathways involved in cellular processes. Its mode of action is primarily through the inhibition of oxidative stress, which contributes to its potential protective effects on cellular integrity. The scientific community has shown considerable interest in kaempferol-3,4'-dimethyl ether due to its diverse applications in research focused on cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, it serves as a valuable tool in elucidating flavonoid-related pathways and mechanisms, offering potential insights into therapeutic approaches for oxidative stress-related conditions.

Natural glycoside

Alpinumisoflavone is a naturally occurring isoflavone, which is derived from plants, particularly those in the Leguminosae family. Structurally, isoflavones are a class of phytoestrogens, plant-derived compounds with estrogenic activity. Alpinumisoflavone exerts its effects primarily through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. It modulates key signaling pathways by interacting with cellular components to reduce oxidative stress and inhibit inflammatory responses, making it a valuable compound in studying cellular protection mechanisms. Alpinumisoflavone is primarily used in scientific research to explore its therapeutic potential due to its ability to modulate cellular processes. It has been the subject of studies investigating its efficacy in oncology for its anti-cancer properties, as well as in neuroprotection and cardiovascular health. Furthermore, it serves as a tool for understanding the biological roles of plant-derived compounds in human health, contributing to the discovery and development of novel therapeutic strategies. The compound’s diverse range of effects highlights its significance in biochemistry and pharmacology research fields.

2'-Methoxybiochanin A is a naturally occurring isoflavone, which is predominantly derived from the plant Trifolium pratense, commonly known as red clover. This compound is characterized by its unique chemical structure that includes a methoxy group, which differentiates it from other isoflavones. The mode of action of 2'-Methoxybiochanin A involves its interaction with estrogen receptors, as well as its ability to modulate various biological pathways linked to inflammation and oxidative stress. The applications of 2'-Methoxybiochanin A are diverse and promising, spanning potential therapeutic uses such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. Its ability to mimic estrogen also makes it a candidate for research in hormone-related conditions. Additionally, due to its natural origin, it is frequently studied for its role in improving bone health, cardiovascular function, and menopausal symptoms. Scientists are actively exploring its pharmacokinetics and bioavailability to better understand its potential as a therapeutic agent in clinical settings. The compound's promising multifaceted biological activities make it a significant subject in the realm of natural product research.

Vincetoxicoside B is a natural compound, specifically a glycoside, which is derived from plant sources, notably within the genus Vincetoxicum. This compound, isolated from certain medicinal plants, represents a significant interest in phytochemistry due to its complex molecular structure and potential biological activities. Vincetoxicoside B exhibits its mode of action through various biochemical pathways, which are still under investigation to fully elucidate. However, initial studies suggest it may interact with cellular signaling pathways, potentially influencing cellular responses and exerting specific pharmacological effects. Research into Vincetoxicoside B focuses on its potential applications within pharmaceuticals and therapeutics. Its biological activities may include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects, making it a candidate for further exploration in disease management and drug development. Ongoing studies aim to define its efficacy, safety profile, and therapeutic index to establish any potential role in clinical settings. Consequently, Vincetoxicoside B continues to garner attention for its prospective contributions to medical and biochemical research fields.

Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is primarily derived from the root of Astragalus membranaceus, a plant widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. This compound is characterized by its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, mediated through modulation of various signaling pathways in the body, such as the MAPK and NF-κB pathways. It plays a significant role in scavenging free radicals and inhibiting inflammatory mediators, thus contributing to cellular protection and reducing oxidative stress. Research indicates that Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside may be leveraged in pharmacological contexts for its potential to enhance immune responses, protect against cardiovascular diseases, and offer neuroprotective effects. Its ability to modulate enzyme activities and gene expression underscores its extensive applicability in therapeutic interventions. Investigations continue into its efficacy and mechanism of action, with an emphasis on developing novel treatments for chronic inflammatory conditions and degenerative diseases.

Oxygen-heterocyclic compound

Orobol-3'-methyl ether is a synthetic flavonoid compound, which is derived from natural flavonoids that are typically extracted from plants. Flavonoids like Orobol-3'-methyl ether are important due to their roles in various biological processes. This compound operates primarily by interacting with enzymes, potentially inhibiting or modifying their activity. The methyl ether modification can enhance its biological activity or stability, making it a valuable tool in biochemical research. Orobol-3'-methyl ether is used extensively in scientific studies to investigate enzyme mechanisms and pathways, particularly those related to cancer, inflammation, and other diseases. Researchers employ this compound to elucidate cellular signaling pathways and its role in modulating various biological activities. Furthermore, it serves as a reference or standard in bioactivity assays, contributing to the development of new therapeutic targets. Its applications extend to drug discovery and development, where understanding its interactions helps in designing new therapeutics with improved efficacy and safety profiles.

Kaempferol-3-rhamnoglucoside-7-glucoside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is a type of bioactive compound. It is commonly derived from plant sources such as certain fruits, vegetables, and herbs, where it occurs naturally as part of the plant’s secondary metabolites. This compound is structurally characterized by its glycosidic linkages, where sugar moieties such as rhamnose and glucose are attached to the kaempferol backbone. The mode of action of kaempferol-3-rhamnoglucoside-7-glucoside primarily involves its antioxidant properties. It acts by scavenging free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress and protecting cells from damage. This activity is crucial in mitigating inflammation and has implications in inhibiting pathways related to cancer progression, and cardiovascular diseases. Kaempferol-3-rhamnoglucoside-7-glucoside is chiefly used in research to explore its therapeutic potential, particularly in the realms of chronic disease management and cancer treatment. Its capacity to modulate signaling pathways and impact gene expression is of significant interest, offering insights into its role in preventive and therapeutic applications. Continued investigation is warranted to fully elucidate its mechanisms and potential clinical applications.

Morelloflavone is a natural biflavonoid compound, which is primarily isolated from the Garcinia species, belonging to the Clusiaceae family. This compound is derived from plant sources that have been traditionally used in various medicinal systems. Morelloflavone exhibits its mode of action through multiple biochemical pathways, prominently including its antioxidant activity. It effectively scavenges free radicals, thereby protecting cells from oxidative stress, which is implicated in numerous pathological conditions. The uses and applications of Morelloflavone are diverse, owing to its potent biological activities. Researchers have extensively studied its therapeutic potential, highlighting its anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective effects. The compound's ability to modulate key signaling pathways makes it a promising candidate for further examination in pharmacological and clinical research. Additionally, its involvement in inhibiting specific enzymes and pathways associated with chronic diseases underscores its potential as a lead compound for drug development. Continued investigation into Morelloflavone may reveal more about its utility in treating various health conditions, substantiating its role in natural and integrative medicine.

Kaempferol-3-glucoside(6”-O-acetate)-7-rhamnoside is a flavonoid glycoside derivative, which is naturally sourced from various plants, particularly those in the Brassicaceae family. This compound is known for its significant antioxidant properties, allowing it to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress within biological systems. Its mode of action involves the modulation of several cellular pathways, including the inhibition of protein kinases and the regulation of anti-inflammatory responses. This results in potential therapeutic benefits in conditions related to oxidative stress and inflammation. The applications of Kaempferol-3-glucoside(6”-O-acetate)-7-rhamnoside extend to research in pharmacology and biochemistry, where it is studied for its efficacy in cancer prevention, cardiovascular protection, and neuroprotection. Its role in modulating cell signaling pathways makes it a promising candidate for the development of novel therapeutic agents. Additionally, its presence in a diet rich in fruits and vegetables contributes to general health maintenance and disease prevention. Research into its bioavailability and synergistic effects with other phytochemicals continues to be a significant focus in scientific studies.

4',5,7,8-Tetrahydroxyflavanone is a naturally occurring flavonoid, which is a type of polyphenolic compound found in various plants. These compounds are well-regarded for their potential health benefits and are often derived from natural sources such as fruits, vegetables, and certain herbs. The mode of action of 4',5,7,8-Tetrahydroxyflavanone involves its interaction with free radicals, effectively neutralizing them due to its antioxidant properties. By mitigating oxidative stress, it may exert a protective effect at the cellular level. The compound has garnered interest for its possible therapeutic applications in areas such as cardiovascular health, cancer prevention, and neuroprotection. Understanding the precise biochemical pathways and mechanisms of this flavonoid could be valuable for developing novel therapeutic agents. Research continues to explore its efficacy in vivo, as well as its potential synergistic effects when used alongside other bioactive molecules.

7-Methoxyisoflavone is a synthetic isoflavone, which is a type of flavonoid compound typically found in plants. This compound, however, is artificially synthesized in laboratories, differentiating it from naturally occurring isoflavones found in sources like soy and other legumes. Its structure allows it to act as a non-hormonal anabolic agent, meaning it purportedly enhances anabolic processes without directly interacting with hormonal pathways, such as those involving testosterone or other steroids. The primary action of 7-Methoxyisoflavone is believed to involve the modulation of cellular signaling pathways that promote protein synthesis, contributing to increased muscle growth and improved physical performance. It is thought to influence the body's ability to adapt to training by possibly enhancing nitrogen retention and muscle protein synthesis. This compound has been explored for its potential applications in sports and fitness, where it may aid in muscle building and strength enhancement. Additionally, it has attracted interest for potential benefits in reducing muscle wasting in clinical settings. Researchers continue to investigate its efficacy and safety to establish a clearer understanding of its mechanisms and potential applications.

Cannflavin B is a specialized flavonoid compound, which is a secondary metabolite derived from Cannabis sativa. It exhibits a distinct mode of action as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Cannflavin B exerts its effects through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. These biochemical pathways are typically linked with the cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes, and Cannflavin B effectively interferes with these enzymatic processes to reduce inflammation at the molecular level. The uses and applications of Cannflavin B are predominantly within research focused on inflammation-related disorders. Its capacity to modulate inflammatory pathways makes it of interest for studies on diseases such as arthritis, neuroinflammatory conditions, and potentially other chronic inflammatory disorders. While its applications are currently more research-based, understanding its mechanisms could contribute to the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting inflammation without the side effects often associated with traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

3'-Methoxypuerarin is a specialized isoflavone derivative, which is a type of phytochemical compound. This compound is primarily sourced from the roots of *Pueraria* species, which are well-known for their rich content of isoflavones. As an organic chemical, 3'-Methoxypuerarin exhibits potential pharmacological activity by interacting with various cellular pathways, often involving signal transduction mechanisms. The primary mode of action of 3'-Methoxypuerarin involves modulating the activity of specific enzymes and receptors, thereby influencing cellular responses. These interactions can contribute to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects, which are of considerable interest in the field of medicinal chemistry and pharmacology. The uses and applications of 3'-Methoxypuerarin span a range of therapeutic areas. It has been investigated for its potential benefits in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. Its ability to influence oxidative stress and inflammation makes it a promising candidate for research in developing novel therapeutic agents. Ongoing studies are expanding our understanding of its efficacy, safety, and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Rare natural product belonging to the flavone sub-group of flavonoids

4',7-Dimethoxyisoflavone analytical standard provided with chromatographic purity, to be used as reference material for qualitative determination.

7-Methoxyflavanone is a bioactive compound, specifically a methoxylated flavanone, which is derived from various plant sources. This compound plays a role in the modulation of several biological pathways due to its structural attributes. As a flavanone, it is known to interact with various cellular mechanisms including enzyme inhibition, receptor binding, and antioxidant activity. These interactions result in diverse pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. The uses and applications of 7-Methoxyflavanone are primarily in the realms of pharmacology and biochemistry, where it is studied for its potential therapeutic benefits. Researchers have been exploring its efficacy in modulating oxidative stress, a factor implicated in numerous chronic diseases. Additionally, its neuroprotective actions are of notable interest in neurodegenerative disease research. While research is ongoing, understanding the biochemical pathways influenced by 7-Methoxyflavanone may lead to the development of novel therapeutic agents. Scientists continue to investigate its comprehensive effects and applications through rigorous in vitro and in vivo studies to fully elucidate its potential benefits.

Dihydrorobinetin is a flavonoid derivative, which is a naturally occurring compound found in certain plant sources. It belongs to the larger group of polyphenolic compounds known for their diverse biological activities. Dihydrorobinetin is primarily extracted from plants such as locust trees, where it occurs as a secondary metabolite. The mode of action of Dihydrorobinetin involves its antioxidative properties. It functions by scavenging free radicals and chelating metal ions, thereby reducing oxidative stress within biological systems. This mechanism contributes to the stabilization of cellular structures and the mitigation of damage caused by reactive oxygen species. In the scientific community, Dihydrorobinetin is explored for various applications, including its potential role in therapeutic and preventive healthcare. Researchers study its antioxidative capabilities to assess its effectiveness in combating oxidative stress-related diseases. Additionally, its potential anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties are being investigated, making it a compound of interest in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical research. The compound's role in extending the shelf life of food products through its preservative attributes is also a subject of study.

Patulin is a mycotoxin, which is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by certain species of fungi, particularly those within the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Byssochlamys. It is predominantly sourced from moldy fruits, especially apples and apple-derived products, where these fungi thrive and synthesize the compound. The mode of action of patulin involves disrupting cellular processes by forming covalent adducts with proteins and nucleic acids, ultimately leading to cellular damage and oxidative stress. In terms of applications, patulin is primarily studied in the context of food safety and toxicology. Its presence in food products is a concern due to its potential health risks to humans, including immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. As such, patulin serves as a critical marker in food quality control, prompting the need for rigorous detection and quantification methods to ensure compliance with safety regulations. Additionally, patulin is used in scientific research to study its toxic effects, mechanism of action, and potential mitigation strategies in food processing, contributing to the broader understanding of mycotoxin management in food systems.

Tamarixetin is a natural flavonoid, derived from quercetin, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, guarding against cardiac hypertrophy.

Glycitein is an isoflavone compound, which is a type of phytoestrogen primarily derived from soy products. It is sourced from soybeans, where it functions as a secondary metabolite. In biochemical terms, glycitein exhibits modes of action characterized by its estrogenic and antioxidant activities. It interacts with estrogen receptors in the body, mimicking the hormone's effects to a certain extent, which can influence numerous physiological processes. The uses and applications of glycitein are particularly notable in fields such as nutrition and healthcare. Its estrogen-like properties make it of interest in managing menopausal symptoms and potential implications in bone health. Additionally, its antioxidant characteristics are significant in studying cellular oxidative stress and its role in various degenerative diseases. Understanding the molecular pathways influenced by glycitein can also provide insight into its broader impacts on health and disease prevention.