Nucleotides

a-Thymidine is a thymidylate analog that is used as an anti-HIV drug. It is the L-enantiomer of thymidine, which is a nucleoside base in DNA. The biological effects of a-thymidine are due to its ability to be incorporated into DNA and act as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme protein synthesis. It also has been shown to have antiviral properties against herpes simplex virus type 1 and hepatitis B virus.

6-Chloro-7-deaza-9-(2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)purine is a monophosphate nucleoside analog that is used as an antiviral agent. It is a synthetic compound that is activated by phosphorylation to form the triphosphate, which inhibits viral DNA synthesis by binding to the RNA polymerase enzyme. 6-Chloro-7-deaza-9-(2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)purine has been shown to be effective against cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and may be useful for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Pseudothymidine is the nucleobase analog of thymidine. It is a synthetic substance that has been used in the polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) to form DNA molecules. Pseudothymidine is not naturally found in cells and can be used as a substitute for thymidine during PCR to make more copies of DNA sequences. It has been shown that pseudothymidine can be incorporated into DNA without disrupting the polymerase chain reaction. The thermal denaturation of pseudothymidine is 10 °C lower than that of thymidine, allowing it to be used at higher temperatures with less risk of degradation. Pseudothymidine may also have medical applications, such as its use in cancer treatment. It may help kill cancer cells by blocking their ability to repair damaged DNA and preventing them from dividing, which could lead to cell death.

Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor with anti-retroviral activity against HIV. Good oral bioavailability, high aqueous solubility and good cerebrospinal fluid penetrance. Synergistic with other nucleoside RT inhibitors such as AZT.

Thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a cofactor in the production of ATP, and is also used as a reagent for determining the activity of dehydrogenases. It is produced by the oxidation of thionocinamide ribonucleotide, which is synthesized from dihydroxyacetone phosphate and phosphoric acid. Thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide binds to NADP+, which acts as a hydrogen acceptor, and transfers two electrons to it. The nadph then donates an electron to the dehydrogenase, which converts a substrate into its product in a redox reaction.

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3'-Amino-3'-deoxyadenosine, also known as spalgomycin, is a natural enediyne antibiotic with potent antibacterial and, more notably, antitumor activity observed in research settings. Its primary use is as a tool to study the mechanisms of enediyne-mediated DNA damage and as a lead compound in the search for novel anticancer therapeutics.

Polyguanylic acid potassium salt is a guanosine analog that is used as a probe for studying the interaction of cellular and target tissue. It has been found to be taken up by cells, with high affinity constants, and to be immobilized on cell surfaces. Polyguanylic acid potassium salt can also be used as an anticancer agent against epidermoid carcinoma cells with high affinity constants. The compound interacts with DNA and inhibits the growth of the tumor cells by interfering with the uptake of nucleic acids.

N6-Benzoyl-2'-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-5'-O-DMT-adenosine is a nucleoside that can be used in the synthesis of oligomers. It is a synthetic nucleoside with an absorption maximum at 410 nm and emission maximum at 522 nm. This compound has been shown to be efficient in the synthesis of phosphoramidites and ligands, as well as in rna synthesis and modifications. N6-Benzoyl-2'-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-5'-O-DMT-adenosine may inhibit bacterial growth by binding to the ribosome, preventing protein synthesis.

5'-O-DMT-thymidine-3'-lcaa-CPG is a nucleoside, ribonucleoside, and diphosphate that inhibits viral DNA synthesis. It is a novel compound with antiviral properties that has been shown to inhibit the replication of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and herpes simplex type 1 virus. 5'-O-DMT-thymidine-3'-lcaa-CPG also functions as an anticancer agent by inhibiting DNA synthesis in tumor cells. This nucleoside analog is phosphoramidite, which can be used for the preparation of modified oligonucleotides. 5'-O-DMT-thymidine-3'-lcaa-CPG has high purity and high quality.

4-Thiouridine (4-SU) is a photoactivatable ribonucleoside analogue that is widely used for RNA analysis, including short-range RNA-RNA crosslinking and nascent RNA labelling. 4-SU is typically used to modify RNA oligonucleotides, or in structure studies of RNA-protein complexes. The crosslinking thiol moiety is attached directly to the nucleotide base, thus 4-SU differs from the nucleoside uridine only by a single sulfur substitution. This means it can be incorporated into an RNA chain with minimal structural perturbation and with similar base-pairing properties, reducing the likelihood that substitution will significantly impair RNA interactions or activities.

2'-Deoxy-5-formylcytidine is a nucleoside analog that is used as a chemotherapeutic agent. It is cytotoxic to cells by binding to DNA and preventing the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein. The drug has been shown to induce cellular senescence in human fibroblasts, which can be reversed by the addition of deuterium. 2'-Deoxy-5-formylcytidine also inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by inducing the expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase 1. The oxidation products are misincorporated into DNA strands, leading to intramolecular hydrogen bonds with cytosine bases. These modifications lead to denaturation of DNA and inhibition of transcription and replication. 2'-Deoxy-5-formylcytidine also interacts with oligodeoxynucleotides, which leads to misinc

3'-Deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine is a nucleoside analog that is used to diagnose and treat cancer. It is a prodrug that is metabolized intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the 3'-deoxy-3'-fluoro derivative of thymidine, which competes with natural thymidine for incorporation into DNA. Uptake of 18F-flouride (18F-FDG) in tumor cells has been shown to be proportional to the rate constant (k) of cellular uptake. This process can be quantified using positron emission tomography imaging. The cell cycle inhibitor activity of 3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine has also been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo, inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells and normal cells in culture, respectively.

5'-Carboxy-2-chloro-2'-3'-O-isopropylideneadenosine is a monophosphate nucleoside that inhibits viral replication by inhibiting the synthesis of both DNA and RNA. This compound is used to treat cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. It also has antiviral properties that are active against herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human cytomegalovirus (CMV). 5'-Carboxy-2-chloro-2'-3'-O-isopropylideneadenosine is a modified nucleoside with a phosphoramidite group on the 2' position of the ribose sugar.

2'-O-Methyl-2-thiouridine is a modified nucleoside that is categorized as a mismatched nucleotide. It is found in RNA, where it replaces uridine and acts as a mismatch base. 2'-O-Methyl-2-thiouridine has been shown to stabilize duplex DNA against thermal denaturation by forming triplexes with complementary sequences. It also stabilizes dsDNA against hydrolysis by the enzyme ribonuclease H (RNase H) and has been used in the design of antisense therapeutics. Thermophilic bacteria use this molecule to synthesize their own thymine nucleotides, which are structurally similar to 2'-O-methyl-2-thiouridine. This modification prevents mismatches in their own dna and helps protect them from heat stress. The thermodynamic stability of this molecule has been calculated using an algorithm that takes into account the hybridization free energy, enthalpy change, entropy

5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate sodium salt (BrdUMP) is an antiviral agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. It has shown activity against herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus, and has been used in the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma. BrdUMP is a monophosphate prodrug that is activated by ribonucleoside diphosphates to inhibit the production of viral DNA and RNA. This drug has anticancer properties due to its ability to inhibit cell division. BrdUMP is synthesized from 2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate, which is obtained from uracil or thymine. The CAS number for this compound is 51432-32-7, and it can be used as a phosphoramidite for the preparation of DNA, RNA, or oligonucleotide analogues.

2',3',5'-Tri-O-acetylguanosine is a protected form of the nucleoside guanosine which has potential application as a synthetic intermediate in nucleic acid and nucleoside chemistry.

N6-Methyl-2'-O-methyladenosine is a nucleoside that is found in DNA. In some cases, the methyl group in this molecule can be modified, which can change its biological activity. N6-Methyl-2'-O-methyladenosine has been shown to reduce the severity of bowel disease and myocardial infarcts in experimental models. The structural analysis of vessels from patients with atherosclerosis revealed that this molecule inhibits vascular calcification. It also decreases expression of MMP-9, a protein involved in nephropathy and diabetic kidney disease. N6-Methyl-2'-O-methyladenosine is able to inhibit the development of vascular injury by blocking the activation of cells and reducing inflammation through pharmacological agents that are used in experimental models for blood vessel injury.

Cytidine-2'-monophosphate sodium (CMP) is a nucleotide that is used as a monophosphate or diphosphate. It can be used to synthesize DNA and RNA. CMP also has antiviral, anticancer, and high purity properties. CMP is an activator of DNA polymerases and helps in the synthesis of DNA. It has novel properties that make it different from other nucleotides, such as its modified sugar moiety.

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6-Mercapto-9-(2'-deoxy-b-D-ribofuranosyl)purine (6MPD) is a purine nucleoside that is used in the preparation of glycosidic bonds. It forms a glycosidic bond with the terminal residue of an oligosaccharide, which leads to the formation of an oligodeoxynucleotide. 6MPD also has binding properties to DNA binding proteins, and it can be used as a growth factor. 6MPD is obtained by reacting 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid with sodium trifluoroacetate in the presence of mercaptoethanol and sodium hydroxide. This reaction yields 6MPD as a white solid with a melting point of 179°C.

2’-Deoxy-N1-methylguanosine is a modified purine nucleoside composed of a N¹-methylguanine, a guanine base where a methyl group is attached to the nitrogen at position 1 (N¹). This methylation blocks normal Watson-Crick base pairing, especially with cytosine, and can affect RNA structure and function. It also contains a 2′-Deoxyribose and has possible research applications

N3-Methylcytidine methosulfate is a novel antiviral agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA. It has been shown to be effective against hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and cytomegalovirus. N3-Methylcytidine methosulfate was found to be active in a variety of animal models including mice and rats. This drug has anticancer properties in the treatment of leukemia, lymphoma, and breast cancer. The phosphoramidite derivative of N3-methylcytidine methosulfate is used as an activator for oligonucleotide synthesis.

A modified inosine nucleoside with a methyl group, used to investigate the impact of 3'-O-methylation on RNA structure, stability, or interactions, or as a component in the synthesis of modified oligonucleotides.

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3'-Deoxy-2'-O-methyladenosine is a nucleoside that has antiviral and anticancer activity. It is a novel chemical compound with a unique structure, which makes it highly reactive. 3'-Deoxy-2'-O-methyladenosine induces DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in cancer cells. It also inhibits the production of viral DNA and RNA in infected cells by inhibiting the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, which converts ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. 3'-Deoxy-2'-O-methyladenosine can be used as an antiviral agent against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2) and human cytomegalovirus (CMV).

2'-C-Methylguanosine 5'-triphosphate triethyl ammonium salt - Aqueous solution is a synthetic nucleotide analog for use in research

3'-O-Methyluridine is a nucleoside that is used in the preparation of oligonucleotides and as a substrate for uridine phosphorylase. It is used to study the termination of RNA synthesis, which occurs when there are no more ribose residues in the RNA template strand. When this happens, an adenosine residue is added by polyphosphate kinase to the 3' end of the RNA strand. This addition causes a release of pyrophosphate and leads to end of DNA synthesis. The acid hydrolysis technique can be used to separate 3'-O-methyluridine from other nucleotides. This reaction produces guanosine, which can be detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques such as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).

7-Deaza-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine is a nucleoside analogue that is silylated on the 2' and 3' hydroxyl groups. It is also substituted with a deoxygenated 7-deaza-2',3'-dideoxyribose moiety. The substitution of the ribose sugar with deoxygenated 7-deaza-2',3'-dideoxyribose prevents the formation of hydrogen bonds between the sugar and phosphate backbones, which inhibits the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase from catalyzing the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxynucleotides. This in turn blocks DNA synthesis, leading to cell death.br> 7-Deaza-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine has been shown to be effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex.

2'-Deoxyadenosine 5'-O-thiophosphate sodium salt is a synthetic nucleotide that has antiviral, anticancer and antitumor properties. It is a modified deoxyribonucleoside and it activates the synthesis of DNA by acting as an activator. This drug is not found in nature and it has shown to inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells in cell culture.

2',3',5'-Tri-O-benzoyl-N6-benzyl-2'-C-methyladenosine is an adenosine analog for potential use in research into antiviral drug development or nucleoside analogs.

N2-Benzoylguanosine is a nucleotide derivative that is formed by the acetylation of guanosine. It has been shown to act as a buffer in alkaline solutions and isomerizes to its n-oxide form when heated. N2-Benzoylguanosine reacts with peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide, glyoxal, and organic peroxides, forming hydroperoxide intermediates that can be converted into other products. The acidic hydrolysis of N2-benzoylguanosine yields the corresponding 6-benzoyladenosines. It has been shown to enhance the activity of uridine in inhibiting bacterial growth, while also acting as an inhibitor of viral RNA synthesis. This compound also reacts with nitrous acid to form an n6-benzoyladenosine derivative that inhibits the formation of RNA chains during transcription.

5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (5-BrDU) is a nitrate reductase inhibitor that prevents the reduction of nitrate to nitrite by inhibiting the enzyme nitrate reductase. It is a genotoxic agent that has been shown to cause DNA damage and cell death in vitro. 5-BrDU has been shown to induce preconditioning in vivo, reducing neuronal injury after ischemia. This drug also binds to NMDA receptors and may be useful as a model system for studying neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. 5-BrDU has been shown to inhibit the polymerase chain reaction in wild-type strains of bacteria, but not in strains with a mutation in their DNA gyrase genes.

Malonyl coenzyme A lithium salt - 90% is a fatty acid that is involved in the biosynthesis of fats. It is also involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins, which are hormone-like substances that have a wide variety of effects on many different tissues. Malonyl coenzyme A lithium salt - 90% may be useful for the treatment of insulin resistance and obesity due to its ability to stimulate glucose uptake by fat cells and increase insulin sensitivity. The following product details are for a supplement:

2'-Chloro-2'-deoxycytidine is a synthetic nucleoside analog. It is a modified deoxycytidine with a chlorine atom at the 2'-position of the deoxyribose sugar. This molecule can be used in research applications

3-Methyl-8-(2-deoxy-b-D-ribofuranosyl)isoxanthopterin is a nucleoside analog that is used as an activator of phosphoramidite. It can be used as a building block in the synthesis of modified phosphoramidites and it has antiviral, anticancer, and antiinflammatory properties. 3-Methyl-8-(2-deoxy-b-D-ribofuranosyl)isoxanthopterin is a novel nucleoside analog that can be used to synthesize DNA or RNA. It is also an inhibitor of deoxyribonucleoside kinase, preventing the conversion of deoxyribonucleosides into diphosphate monophosphates.

5,6-Dihydro-5-azacytidine acetate is a monophosphate nucleoside that is used in the synthesis of DNA and RNA. It is an antiviral agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA by preventing the conversion of deoxyribonucleotides to diphosphates. 5,6-Dihydro-5-azacytidine acetate has been found to have anticancer properties and is used in cancer treatment. This chemical also has a high purity and quality, making it a suitable reagent for use in phosphoramidite coupling reactions for oligonucleotide synthesis. 5,6-Dihydro-5-azacytidine acetate has been shown to be active against a variety of human tumor cell lines, including leukemia cells.

N6-Benzoyl-2'-deoxyadenosine (BADA) is a nucleoside analog that is used in the diagnosis of infections caused by bacteria. BADA binds to DNA duplexes and alters their structure, which can be detected using electrophoresis. BADA has been shown to have low bioavailability and is insoluble in water, so it must be administered intravenously. It has also been found to have anti-inflammatory properties, which may be due to its ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.

2′,3′-O-Isopropylideneuridine serves as a key intermediate in the chemical synthesis of N-benzoyl uridine derivatives and N3-substituted 2′,3′-O-isopropylideneuridines, which exhibit central nervous system (CNS) depressant properties