Nucleotides

Inhibitor of reverse transcriptase

8-Bromoinosine is a potent chemical probe that can be used to study the molecular mechanism of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). 8-Bromoinosine reacts with the acceptor site in PKG, which is located at the base of the active site cleft. Electrons from hydrogen bond donor sites on 8-bromoadenosine are transferred to chloride ion and the resulting 8-bromoinosine chloride complex is an effective inhibitor of PKG. It has been shown that stereoselectivity plays a role in this reaction mechanism.

5,6-Dichlorobenzimidazole-1-b-D-ribofuranoside is a chemical compound that has been shown to be neurotoxic in vitro. It has significant cytotoxicity against human leukemia cells (HL60) and induces neuronal death. This drug also inhibits the production of neurotrophic factors, which are vital for the normal development of neurons. 5,6-Dichlorobenzimidazole-1-b-D-ribofuranoside inhibits transcriptional regulation of genes that encode for receptors and enzymes. The compound is chemically stable and does not degrade easily by hydrolysis or oxidation. It can bind to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers and inhibit DNA synthesis. 5,6-Dichlorobenzimidazole-1-b-D-ribofuranoside also affects cell nuclei by inhibiting DNA synthesis and enzyme activities.

N6-Benzyladenosine 5'-diphosphate sodium salt is a modified nucleoside that has a high purity, which is suitable for synthesis of DNA or RNA. It can be used in the modification of deoxyribonucleosides, ribonucleosides, and phosphoramidites. N6-Benzyladenosine 5'-diphosphate sodium salt has been shown to have anticancer effects and antiviral effects. This drug also has novel properties such as an ability to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells.

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3'-Deoxy-3'-fluoroguanosine is a nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor that is used for the treatment of viral hepatitis, cancer, and other diseases. 3'-Deoxy-3'-fluoroguanosine inhibits the replication of RNA by binding to the replicon. It binds to the RNA polymerase in a pharmacophore-based manner and inhibits its activity. When combined with other drugs, it has been shown to increase their efficacy. The combination of 3'-deoxy-3'-fluoroguanosine with interferon alpha 2b for the treatment of Hepatitis B has been shown to be more effective than either drug alone. The inhibition of cellular growth by 3'-deoxy-3'-fluoroguanosine may be due to its ability to inhibit rna synthesis.

ALS-8176 is a benzimidazole compound that has been shown to be effective against both wild-type and syncytial viruses. It is also active against the hepatitis B virus, which causes fulminant hepatitis in humans and death in 30% of cases. The antiviral activity of ALS-8176 was demonstrated by its ability to inhibit viral DNA synthesis and to prevent the release of new viral particles. ALS-8176 has also been shown to have a broad spectrum of activity against paramyxoviruses, including mumps, measles, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). This drug can be used for the treatment of influenza A and B when administered during the early stages of infection. ALS-8176 blocks the antibody response to influenza virus infection as well as monoclonal antibody binding sites on the hemagglutinin protein, preventing fusion between infected cells.

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Trans-zeatin riboside is a cytokinin that is structurally related to adenosine. It has been shown to inhibit the adenosine a3 receptor, which decreases the production of reactive oxygen species in human serum and enhances the uptake of glucose. Trans-zeatin riboside also inhibits nuclear DNA fragmentation and increases water permeability in plant tissues. This chemical has been shown to stimulate photosynthetic activity in plants at an optimum concentration of 10 μg/ml. Trans-zeatin riboside should be stored at -20 degrees Celsius for long-term storage.

2'-Deoxypseudouridine is a nucleotide that is synthesized from the sugar ribose-5-phosphate and uracil. It is used in biological systems to transfer phosphate groups, which are vital to the metabolism of energy. 2'-Deoxypseudouridine also binds to DNA, forming stable complexes with enzymes and other molecules. This nucleotide is often found in oligodeoxynucleotides, which are used as antiviral agents. 2'-Deoxypseudouridine has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against various viruses, including hepatitis B virus (HBV). It has also been tested for its ability to inhibit replication of HIV-1 in vitro. The enzyme glycosylase catalyzes the reaction of 2'-deoxypseudouridine with water, producing an unstable intermediate that spontaneously converts into dUMP and pyrophosphate.

2'-O-Methyl-5-propynyluridine is a nucleoside that is selective to bacterial DNA. It has been shown to inhibit the binding of RNA polymerase and DNA gyrase, as well as the synthesis of RNA and DNA. This nucleoside also inhibits the formation of triplexes in vitro with oligonucleotides complementary to sequences in the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. 2'-O-Methyl-5-propynyluridine has been used for the measurement of RNA polymerase activity in bacteria, and its affinity for triplexes can be measured by gel shift assay.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), is a very important and essential coenzyme formed by the union of two nucleotides covalently bond to each other by their phosphates group. NAD is present in cells either in its oxidative form or in its reduced form, NAD+ and NADH respectively. They take part in many redox reactions, carrying electrons from one molecule to another.

N4-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-5'-O-DMT-5-methylcytidine is a connector that is used in optical devices. It is a ligand that binds to the constant region of the antibody, which is part of the molecule that protects against bacteria and viruses. The residue has been shown to have variable conformation in tetrahydrofuran and ethyl group. This molecule can be injected into dimethylformamide with an anion chloride or pyrrolidine ring.

A pyrimidine derivative, widely used for the induction of diabetes in experimental animals. It preferentially accumulates in pancreatic β cells in Langerhans islets via glucose transporter GLUT2. In the presence of intracellular thiols such as glutathione, it gets involved in a cyclic redox reaction with its reduction product, dialuric acid. This triggers the production of toxic levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and directs the cells in necrosis. Alloxan also inhibits glucokinase, which regulates glucose-induced insulin secretion.

Coenzyme A hydrate is essential in the metabolism of fatty acids and the synthesis of acetyl-CoA. It is also employed in pharmaceutical applications, especially in drug development and formulation. Its distinctive properties improve drug solubility and bioavailability, making it an essential component in the creation of therapeutic agents.

3-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine is an uridine analog that is used in the study of protein synthesis. It can be used to determine the amino acid sequence of a protein, or to identify proteins with similar sequences. 3-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine can also be used to study enzymatic reactions, such as those involved in the synthesis of polypeptides. This molecule has been shown to produce disulfide bonds and form covalent bonds with other molecules. The three-dimensional structure of this molecule has been determined by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.

Thymidine-5'-triphosphate sodium salt is a modified nucleoside with anticancer properties. It is a high-quality, high-purity ribonucleoside that can be used as an activator for the synthesis of deoxyribonucleosides and phosphoramidites. Thymidine-5'-triphosphate sodium salt has antiviral activity, which is due to its ability to inhibit viral DNA replication and transcription. This compound also has the potential to be used in the treatment of cancer cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division.

6-Thioinosine 5'-monophosphate (6TIMP) is a hydrogen bond donor that possesses inhibitory properties against protein synthesis. It has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect and can be used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. 6TIMP is also able to inhibit the bcr-abl kinase, which is implicated in the development of renal cell cancer. 6TIMP can be administered intravenously or orally and penetrates tissues well. The rate at which it enters cells is dependent on the transport rate, which is determined by its acidity. 6TIMP has been shown to cause DNA damage, leading to apoptosis and cell death in carcinoma cell lines. The mechanism of action appears to involve inhibition of cellular protein synthesis, acid formation, and DNA damage.

2'-Deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate disodium salt (2DUMP) is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA by inhibiting the enzyme thymidylate synthase. 2DUMP is a covalent inhibitor of thymidylate synthase, which prevents the formation of dTMP from deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate. This compound has been shown to be effective in treating squamous cell cancer and hyperproliferative diseases such as chronic myelogenous leukemia. 2DUMP is also used as an antiviral agent against HIV, herpes simplex virus, and varicella zoster virus. It has been shown to bind to benzalkonium chloride (BAK) in biological samples such as serum or plasma. 2DUMP binds to BAK through a covalent linkage between the 3' hydroxyl group on BAK and the phosphate group on 2DUMP

3'-dATP, a nucleoside analog, which prevents RNA elongation past its incorporation site, potentially leading to truncated protein expression.

6-(3,3-Dimethylallylamino)-9-(b-D-ribofuranosyl)purine is an energy metabolism agent that mimics cytokinin, a plant hormone. It has been shown to affect the angiogenic process and induce apoptosis in HL60 cells through the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. 6-(3,3-Dimethylallylamino)-9-(b-D-ribofuranosyl)purine has also been used as a model system to study the structure of dna, which is important for understanding how it replicates. 6-(3,3-Dimethylallylamino)-9-(b-D-ribofuranosyl)purine is structurally similar to adenosine and binds to the A3 receptor with high affinity. This drug is active as an analogue of adenosine and may be useful for treating diseases such as heart disease or diabetes.

3'-Amino-3'-deoxy-5'-O-DMT-thymidine is a specifically designed building block for introducing a 3'-amino group into oligonucleotides, primarily at the 3' terminus. The DMT protecting group facilitates incorporation during standard solid-phase synthesis, and the 3'-amino group provides a versatile handle for post-synthetic modifications and conjugations.

1-(α-D-Ribofuranosyl)uracil is a nucleoside analog made up of a uracil attached to a ribose sugar at the 1-position, with the sugar in the α configuration. This compound is of interest in biochemistry research and nucleoside chemistry, especially when studying stereochemistry or synthesizing analogs.

5'-Azido-5'-deoxythymidine is a synthetic analogue of thymidine. The compound has been synthesised and fluorescently labelled with ferrocene. 5'-Azido-5'-deoxythymidine is not cytotoxic to cancer cells, but it is shown to be an effective inhibitor of DNA synthesis by binding to the enzyme DNA polymerase. This causes a decrease in the rate of DNA synthesis and thus inhibits cancer cell growth.

5'-O-Tritylthymidine is a nucleoside that is found in human mitochondrial DNA. It is synthesized from uridine by the enzyme thymidylate synthase and can be converted to thymine by the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase. 5'-O-Tritylthymidine has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth, but its mechanism of action is not clear. It may inhibit xylene production. 5'-O-Tritylthymidine also causes an increase in p53 activity, which may lead to apoptosis of cancer cells.

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N-Pyrrolo-2'-deoxycytidine is a nucleoside analog that is used in the laboratory as a template for DNA synthesis. It has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of human pathogens. N-Pyrrolo-2'-deoxycytidine binds to DNA and prevents replication by interfering with the binding of the enzyme polymerase to the template strand, which leads to denaturation of the complementary strand and blocking of DNA elongation. This drug has been shown to bind specifically to sequences that are unpaired in duplexes, such as single-stranded telomeres. N-Pyrrolo-2'-deoxycytidine can also be used as a fluorescence probe for detecting dsDNA duplexes.

2'-Deoxy-5'-O-DMT-cytidine is an organic compound. It is a synthetic, combinational and amine nitrogen containing heterocyclic compound that is used in organic synthesis. This chemical is also used as a building block for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with other functional groups such as thionyl, formulae, chlorides and hydrogen atoms.

2'-C-Methylcytidine 5'-triphosphate triethylammonium salt - aqueous solution, is a synthetic nucleotide analog. It has potential application in antiviral research, particularly for studying RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity in RNA viruses. It mimics the natural cytidine triphosphate (CTP) but includes a 2'-C-methyl modification on the ribose sugar.

3'-O-Propargylcytidine is a monophosphate nucleoside that belongs to the group of synthetic, novel nucleosides and deoxyribonucleosides. It is a modified form of cytidine with an extra methyl group attached to the 3' position of the ribose sugar. 3'-O-Propargylcytidine has been shown to inhibit cancer cells by binding to DNA and preventing transcription and replication. This compound also inhibits virus replication and has antiviral properties. 3'-O-Propargylcytidine is highly pure and high quality, which makes it a good candidate for use in pharmaceuticals or other applications requiring high purity.

C2-Methyladenosine is a x-ray crystal structure of the mutant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that has an efficient method for binding to the substrate. The uptake of C2-methyladenosine by the wild type strain was found to be at least four times higher than that of adenosine. The analog was also shown to have pharmacokinetic properties in fat cells, which leads to a decrease in ATP levels.

2',5'-Dideoxyguanosine is a modified nucleoside analog of guanosine, one of the four natural nucleosides found in RNA and DNA. This synthetic molecule has hydroxyl groups removed from the 2' and 5' positions of the sugar component, which alters its ability to participate in nucleic acid synthesis.

5'-O-DMT-a-thymidine is a modified nucleoside that is used in the synthesis of DNA and RNA. This product is a high quality and pure monophosphate, which has been modified to reduce its potential for activation by phosphatases. It is suitable for use in anticancer drugs and antiviral agents.

2'-Deoxy-N2-methylguanosine is a nucleoside with anticancer properties. It is a phosphoramidite, which is an analog of the natural nucleotide guanosine, where the 2'-hydroxyl group has been replaced by a methylene group. This compound is used in DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis. It can be used as a monophosphate or diphosphate. It also has antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as N2-methylamino moiety that can be used for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.

5-Methylcytidine-5'-monophosphate is a nucleotide that is an intermediate in the synthesis of DNA. It is a neutral form and has been sequenced. 5-Methylcytidine-5'-monophosphate is found in cellular components, such as mitochondria and nuclei. The biochemical properties of this molecule are dependent on its methylation state. This molecule also plays a role in mitochondrial functions and nuclear DNA modifications.

7-Deazaguanosine is a low energy analog of guanosine that has been shown to be activated by trifluoroacetic acid, which is a chemical reagent that can be used for the activation of nucleosides. 7-Deazaguanosine is used in the treatment of human serum and urine viruses such as hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus, and cytomegalovirus. The compound has also been shown to have receptor agonism activity on toll-like receptors. 7-Deazaguanosine has been shown to have antiviral effects against HIV and influenza A (H1N1). 7-Deazaguanosine binds at the viral receptor site and blocks the entry process into cells. This drug also stimulates macrophages to produce cytokines, which are proteins that regulate immune responses.