Nucleotides

2'-O-Propargylcytidine is a novel nucleoside that has been modified from cytidine. It is designed to inhibit the activity of RNA polymerase and to be used in anticancer therapy. The synthesis of 2'-O-propargylcytidine has been achieved by modifying the nucleotide with propargylic chloride, which is then reacted with sodium cyanide. The resulting product is purified by column chromatography and recrystallization. 2'-O-Propargylcytidine is a phosphoramidite that can be used for DNA synthesis or as a monophosphate in RNA synthesis. This high purity product has a CAS number of 206552-85-4 and it can be used as an activator for ribonucleosides, such as adenosine, guanosine, uridine, cytidine, and thymidine.

N6-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-8-oxoadenosine is a base modified deoxy nucleoside

5'-Azido-5'-deoxyadenosine (Aza-dA) is an adenosine analog that inhibits the deamination of S-adenosylhomocysteine to form adenosine. It has been shown to be more potent than 2-chloroadenosine and inactivates the enzyme s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, which is responsible for the conversion of S-adenosylhomocysteine to adenosine. This leads to decreased levels of adenosine and increased levels of s-adensoylhomocysteine. Aza-dA has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and induce apoptosis in rat hepatocytes. In addition, it is a halogenated molecule that can be used as a modifying agent.

Guanosine-5'-diphosphate disodium salt is used to study the kinetics and characteristics of GTPases such as those associated with G-protein coupled receptors. It is also used to study cell signaling processes mediate by guanine nucleotide exchange factors. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Alfa Aesar product portfolio. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. The original Alfa Aesar product / item code or SKU reference has not changed as a part of the brand transition to Thermo Scientific Chemicals.

1-(5'-O-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-β-L-arabinofuranosyl)thymine is a modified nucleoside analog with structural modifications that enhance its biological properties, stability, and pharmaceutical potential. The compound features thymine (5-methyluracil) as the nucleobase, a pyrimidine derivative. The sugar component is 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-β-L-arabinofuranose, which includes the L-arabinose configuration, a departure from the natural D-ribose or D-deoxyribose configuration typically found in DNA and RNA, influencing how the molecule is recognized by biological systems. The 2'-fluoro substitution at the sugar position improves the compound's stability and resistance to enzymatic degradation, while also potentially enhancing its antiviral activity. A 5'-O-benzoyl group serves as a protecting group, safeguarding the 5'-hydroxyl group during synthesis.

N6-(6-Aminohexyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine is a novel nucleoside that is structurally related to the natural nucleosides, dATP and dGTP. It has been shown to be an activator of ribonucleosides and phosphoramidites, which are used in the synthesis of DNA and RNA. N6-(6-Aminohexyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine has also been shown to inhibit cancer cells as well as antiviral activity against HIV-1.

2'-Deoxy-N6-methyladenosine (2DMA) is a nucleoside that has been found to inhibit the phosphorylation of p2y receptors in rat kidney cells. 2DMA inhibits the production of collagen, which may have a matrix effect on cells. Studies have shown that 2DMA can be used as a sample preparation reagent for nuclear DNA. It has also been shown to be effective at inhibiting transcription and replication of human mitochondrial DNA.

Also known as 3′-azido-ddA, displays potent antiviral activity in primary human lymphocytes and HeLa and T-cell lines. It has particular activity againstinst H.ns.

Adenosine is a nucleoside that interacts with adenosine receptors in the central nervous system. It is found in most body tissues and fluids, including blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and synovial fluid. Adenosine has been shown to inhibit uptake of glucose and other substances in the brain. The uptake of adenosine by neurons is inhibited by solute transport inhibitors such as nevirapine, which prevents the accumulation of toxic levels of adenosine during excitotoxic injury. Adenosine also has thermodynamic properties that promote its removal from solution by binding to water molecules and forming crystals or precipitates. This property may be useful in the treatment of cerebral edema following traumatic brain injury.

N2-Diboc-7/9-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-D-mannopyranosyl)-6-chloro-2-aminopurine is a nucleoside that is modified with a chlorine group. The modification of the nucleoside may enhance its anticancer activity. N2-Diboc-7/9-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-D-mannopyranosyl)-6-chloro-2 aminopurine has been shown to inhibit the growth of virus and cancer cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis. It has also been shown to induce apoptosis in human leukemia cells.

Kinetin riboside-5'-monophosphate sodium salt is a synthetic nucleotide that has been modified to include a phosphate group at the 5' position. Kinetin riboside-5'-monophosphate sodium salt is an activator of DNA synthesis and can be used for the treatment of viral infections. It also shows anticancer activity and is effective against cancer cells that are resistant to other cancer drugs.

3'-O-Allyladenosine is an antiviral agent that inhibits the replication of DNA and RNA viruses. It has been shown to have anticancer properties, and is a novel nucleoside analog with potential as an antitumor agent. 3'-O-Allyladenosine is a modified nucleoside analog that can be synthesized with high purity and quality. This compound has shown antiviral activity against influenza virus and herpes simplex virus type 1. In addition, 3'-O-Allyladenosine has been found to inhibit tumor growth in mice without any significant side effects.

2,2'-Anhydrothymidine is an anhydro version of thymidine. As 2,2'-Anhydrothymidine is a modified version of thymidine it can help researchers understand what happens when DNA is changed or damaged. Other possible uses as in research related to antiviral drug creation.

2-Acetamido-6-chloro-9-(2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-b-D-ribofuranosyl)purine is a modified purine nucleoside, protected with acetyl groups, which protect the sugar during chemical reactions. This compound is based on a purine ring and also contains an acetamido group at position 2, a chlorine atom at position 6 and a β-D-ribofuranosyl sugar.

Coenzyme and regenerating electron donor in catabolic processes

2'-Amino-2'-deoxyinosine is a modified nucleoside, based on inosine. This compound has a 2'-amino substitution instead of a 2'-hydroxyl group, which has the potential to make the nucleoside more resistant to enzymatic degradation and enhance or alter base-pairing properties.

Adenylyl-3'-5'-cytidine (3'-5'-CYT) is a postulated naturally occurring dinucleoside that has been shown to be involved in many metabolic processes. It has been found to interact with serum albumin, which may be related to the molecule's ability to bind with the ligand and form a complex. 3'-5'CYT can be synthesized from cytidine using an enzyme called adenosine deaminase. This process is known as deamination. The product of this reaction can either be uracil or thymine, depending on the enzyme used. 3'-5'CYT is also a component of recombinant human polypeptides that have been shown to have anti-cancer properties.

3'-O-tert-Butyldimethylsilyl-5'-O-DMT-N2-isobutyrylguanosine is a deoxyribonucleoside that is chemically modified to be resistant to nucleases. It is used as an antiviral agent and activates the immune system by inducing cytokines, chemokines, and interferons. 3'-O-tert-Butyldimethylsilyl-5'-O-DMT-N2-isobutyrylguanosine has been shown to have antidepressant effects in mice and rats. This drug also has been shown to inhibit the production of HIV viral particles in vitro.

L-Adenosine is a nucleoside that is naturally synthesized in the body and is also found in certain foods. It has a variety of functions, including as an adenosine receptor agonist, a transport agent, and a substrate for metabolic pathways. In addition to its function as an adenosine receptor agonist, L-adenosine can be transported into mammalian cells by facilitated diffusion. The uptake of L-adenosine into cells is dependent on the concentration of extracellular adenosine and its concentration-response curve has been determined experimentally. L-Adenosine also acts as an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase enzyme which increases cAMP levels in cells. This increase in cAMP leads to increased calcium ion influx into the cell, which may lead to activation of protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC). L-Adenosine has been shown to have cardiac effects at high concentrations. These effects may be

N6-Cyclopentyl-2'-C-methyl-adenosine is an antiviral agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA by preventing the formation of RNA from DNA. It has been shown to be effective against HIV and other retroviruses. N6-Cyclopentyl-2'-C-methyl-adenosine is a synthetic nucleoside that is activated by phosphorylation in cells, which leads to the synthesis of monophosphate (5'-AMP). This compound is used for the treatment of cancer and HIV infection.

3',5'-Di-O-acetyl-2'-deoxy-5-iodouridine is an inorganic, deoxyribonucleoside. It is the acetyl derivative of 2'-deoxy-5-iodouridine, which is an analog of uracil. 3',5'-Di-O-acetyl-2'-deoxy-5-iodouridine has been shown to have antiviral properties against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2) in animals. This drug also has antiangiogenic properties, inhibiting the growth of new blood vessels and tissues at the site of a tumour. Studies have shown that 3',5'-di-O acetyl 2'-deoxyuridine can be incorporated into exudates from human cancer patients and can inhibit tumor cell proliferation in vivo.

2'-Deoxy-5-formyluridine (2DFO) is a nucleobase analogue that inhibits the enzymatic activity of DNA glycosylases, which are enzymes that remove sugar residues from damaged DNA. 2DFO has been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis and promoting oxidative damage to the cell's DNA. 2DFO has also been shown to inhibit the growth of DU-145 cells in vitro and in vivo models. This drug was found to be more effective at preventing metastasis of colorectal cancer when it was administered with a platinum-based chemotherapy drug.

2'-Amino-2'-deoxyadenosine is a modified nucleoside, closely related to adenosine in which the 2'-hydroxyl group is replaced by an amino group. This compound has potential research applications

3'-Azido-N4-benzoyl-2',3'-dideoxycytidine is a novel nucleoside analog with antiviral and anticancer activities. It is used for the treatment of HIV, hepatitis B and C, herpes, and influenza. 3'-Azido-N4-benzoyl-2',3'-dideoxycytidine has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of cells in culture and to induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. The synthesis of 3'-azido-N4-benzoyl-2',3'-dideoxycytidine starts with the condensation of 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenylacetic acid (1) with 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid chloride (2) in the presence of triethylamine to give 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenylacetic acid chloride (3). The N4 benzoyl

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2'-Phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate tetralithium salt (mixture with 3'-isomer) is a novel, modified nucleoside. It has antiviral properties and can be used for the treatment of cancer. 2'-Phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate tetralithium salt (mixture with 3'-isomer) inhibits viral replication by inhibiting the synthesis of viral DNA and RNA. This compound also inhibits cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis.

2'-Azido-2'-deoxyadenosine is a synthetic nucleoside analog of adenosine in which the 2'-hydroxyl group of the ribose sugar is replaced by an azido group (-N₃), and the 3'- and 5'-hydroxyl groups remain intact. This modification confers unique chemical properties, including the ability to participate in bioorthogonal "click" chemistry reactions, particularly azide-alkyne cycloadditions, making it useful for labeling and tracking nucleic acids in biochemical studies. Additionally, the azido substitution can influence enzymatic recognition and incorporation by polymerases, allowing its use in studying nucleic acid metabolism, drug design, and therapeutic nucleoside analog development.

Uridine-5-oxyacetic acid is a molecule that is synthesized from uridine and 5-oxo-4-pyrone. It is an intermediate in the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides, which are important for DNA replication, repair, and transcription. Uridine-5-oxyacetic acid has been shown to form stable complexes with subtilisin. These complexes have been determined by X-ray crystallography to be glycosidic bond between the uridine and the enzyme. The enzymatic activity of subtilisin can be inhibited by these complexes, which may lead to frameshifting during bacterial translation. This inhibition leads to a less efficient protein synthesis process and a decrease in the production of gene products.

5'-O-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl-7-deaza-2'-deoxy-7-iodoadenosine is a novel synthetic nucleoside with antiviral and antitumor activities. It has been shown to inhibit the activity of the HIV virus by preventing DNA replication. 5'-O-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl-7-deaza-2'-deoxy-7-iodoadenosine also inhibits the synthesis of RNA and proteins, which can lead to cell death. The compound's high purity and quality are ensured by its CAS number.

9-(b-D-Arabinofuranosyl)guanine is an arabinoside derivative that has high affinity for DNA. 9-(b-D-Arabinofuranosyl)guanine binds to the phosphate groups in DNA and inhibits the synthesis of DNA. It is used in vitro assays to study molecular pathogenesis and in vivo as a drug against leukemia, lymphomas, and other cancers. 9-(b-D-Arabinofuranosyl)guanine also inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes. This drug can cause significant side effects such as gastrointestinal distress, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. It can also cause blood dyscrasias and liver damage.

Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine is a nucleotide that is a precursor of uridine 5'-triphosphate and cytidine 5'-monophosphate, which are important for DNA synthesis. Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine is used in the preparation of samples for experiments. This compound has been shown to induce neuronal death in an experimental model. It has also been shown to inhibit polymerase chain reactions and affect the activity of enzymes such as alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and glutamate decarboxylase. Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine has been found to have no effect on basic fibroblast cells, but it does have physiological effects on human erythrocytes.

A valuable chemical tool for synthesizing modified oligonucleotides with specific functionalities at the 3' end, primarily used in oligonucleotide synthesis.

N6-Benzoyl-2'-O-methyladenosine is a nucleoside that is chemically synthesized. It has been shown to be an inhibitor of the polyhedrosis virus, which causes an infectious disease in silkworms. N6-Benzoyl-2'-O-methyladenosine also inhibits viral replication by interfering with the synthesis of messenger RNA. This compound can be used as a silver nitrate or silver salt prodrug for treating diseases caused by viruses and bacteria. This drug is not active against DNA viruses because it does not possess phosphate groups on its structure.

5-Chloro-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Cl-dC) is a nucleoside analog that inhibits DNA synthesis by blocking the action of thymidylate synthase. It can be used in animal models to study bowel diseases, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. 5-Cl-dC has been shown to be effective in treating the effects of radiation and chemical toxicity in HL60 cells, a type of human leukemia cell line. 5-Cl-dC has also been shown to enhance the cytotoxicity of eosinophil peroxidase, which is an enzyme that may be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. This drug is currently being evaluated for its safety and efficacy in clinical trials involving patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia who are at risk for developing leukemia.

7-Methyl-6-thioguanosine inner salt is a compound that inhibits the activity of creatine kinase and phosphatase, which are enzymes involved in energy metabolism. It also binds to actin filaments and prevents their depolymerization. The binding mechanism of 7-methyl-6-thioguanosine inner salt is believed to be due to its ability to form disulfide bonds with cysteine residues on the surface of the enzyme. This inhibition has been shown to reduce the ATP production in mammalian cells and has been used as a model system for studying cellular processes.

8-Aminoguanosine is a synthetic purine nucleoside that inhibits DNA synthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells, which are a model for human monocytes and neutrophils. 8-Aminoguanosine has been shown to bind to the template strand of DNA and inhibit the incorporation of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates into the newly synthesized strand. This binding prevents DNA replication by preventing access to the template strand of DNA. 8-Aminoguanosine inhibits cyclin D2, an enzyme required for cell division, at concentrations as low as 0.1 mM, and it also inhibits microtubule assembly. 8-Aminoguanosine has shown in vitro activity against various tumor cell lines including Molt-4 and MCF7 cells, and in vivo activity in a mouse model against C3H/HeJ mice transplanted with Lewis lung carcinoma cells.

5'-O-Tosylthymidine is a bifunctional reagent that is used in the synthesis of DNA. It is a nucleophilic, inorganic compound that reacts with the electrophilic acrylonitrile group on 5'-hydroxythymidine to form a stable thiophosphate linkage. The reaction takes place stepwise and is catalyzed by an enzyme called DNA polymerase. This product has been used as an antimetabolite in medicine, mainly for treating leukemia.

2'-C-Methylguanosine 5'-monophosphate triethyl ammonium salt - Aqueous solution is a synthetic nucleotide analog for use in research

(R)-N-(2,3-Dihydro-1H-indenyl)adenosine is a purine nucleoside with the attachment of a 2,3-dihydro-1H-indenyl group via a nitrogen atom. This adenosine-based product can be used for research purposes

Inosine 5'-triphosphate trisodium (ITP) is a nucleotide that is found in human cells. It is produced by the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and acts as an intermediate in cellular metabolism. ITP has been shown to be involved in a number of diseases, such as infectious, autoimmune, and cardiovascular diseases. For example, ITP has been shown to induce the expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. The molecule also plays a role in pediatric disease activity, bowel disease, and congestive heart failure.