Glycerophospholipids / Phospholipids

Cholesteryl-phosphorylcholine is a pharmaceutical that inhibits the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines. It is also used as a medicine to lower plasma cholesterol levels and as an anti-inflammatory agent. Cholesteryl-phosphorylcholine binds to bile acids and reduces the reabsorption of cholesterol in the intestines, thereby lowering plasma cholesterol levels. This drug also has anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of substances that cause inflammation, such as prostaglandins.

Tetradecylphosphocholine (TDPC) is a phospholipid that is found in the cell membrane of all eukaryotic cells. TDPC has been shown to be an immunomodulator and can be used as a substitute for cationic liposomes in the delivery of anti-cancer drugs. TDPC also has been shown to have low toxicity and can be used to treat inflammatory diseases. TDPC's main role is to transport molecules through the cell membrane, which makes it a good candidate for delivering therapeutic agents across biological membranes. TDPC has been shown to bind ATP, which may explain its ability to deliver therapeutic agents into cells. The binding of ATP also helps regulate the function of several proteins involved in immune regulation, including multidrug-resistance protein and ABC transporter proteins.

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Hydro Soy PC is a phosphatidylcholine product that has been shown to have high resistance to biological degradation and low toxicity. Hydro Soy PC has been used in blood sampling studies, which showed that it can be used as an alternative for lipids to prevent clotting. This product also has the ability to form stable liposomes with a phase transition temperature of approximately 10°C. Hydro Soy PC is highly soluble in water and sodium salts, making it useful as a model system for studying the surface properties of phospholipids. Hydro Soy PC is toxic at high concentrations, but has shown no signs of toxicity at lower concentrations.

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1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[maleimide(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (ammonium salt) is a lipid conjugate consisting of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-PE and maleimide(polyethylene glycol)-2000. It is synthesized by reacting the PEGylated derivative with an amine terminated lipid. The resulting product is a water soluble compound that can be used to prepare immunoliposomes or siRNA delivery systems.

1,2-Dimyristoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) is a lipid molecule that contains a glycerol backbone and two fatty acid chains. It is an amphipathic molecule with hydrophilic head groups and hydrophobic tails. The phase transition temperature of DMPC is around 37°C, which makes it useful as a model system for studying the effects of temperature on lipid membranes. DMPC has been shown to have interactions with pharmacological agents such as peptide hormones and enzyme inhibitors, which can lead to drug interactions. DMPC also binds copper chloride and calcium ions and has hydrogen bonding interactions with benzalkonium chloride.

Dipalmitoyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) is a phospholipid that has been used as a model system for studying the molecular dynamics of membranes. It is also an important component in biological membranes and can be found in cell membranes, platelets, and mitochondria. DPPC is a major component of biological membranes because it is one of the most hydrophobic molecules, which allows it to form bilayers with water vapor. The phase transition temperature of DPPC is around 37°C and the transition point occurs at around 55°C. This means that DPPC can exist as a liquid crystalline solid at room temperature.

L-±-phosphatidylcholine is a fatty acid that is found in the membranes of cells. It is also a component of liposomes, which are spheres made of phospholipids. L-±-Phosphatidylcholine has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the activity of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2, which are innate immune receptors that recognize bacterial cell wall components and activate inflammatory responses. L-±-Phosphatidylcholine has been shown to inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and Enterococcus faecalis. This drug also inhibits the expression of proinflammatory cytokines through inhibition of NFκB activation.

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1,2-Dierucoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DDPC) is a synthetic molecule that is used in the study of lipid bilayers. DDPC is composed of two subunits, a glycerol backbone and a choline head group. It can be activated by pH change, which changes the fluorescence properties of the molecule. DDPC has been shown to bind peptides and amphipathic molecules such as gramicidin. The carbonyl group and solute in DDPC make it an excellent probe for studying hydrophobic interactions in lipid bilayers and other hydrophobic interactions.

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1,2-Di-O-tetradecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is a phospholipid that is used as an antimicrobial peptide. It has been shown to have antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria and fungi, with MIC values in the range of 0.1 to 1 µg/mL. This compound also has a hydration effect on lipid bilayers, which can be observed by microscopy. The 1,2-Di-O-tetradecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine molecule is structurally similar to phosphatidylethanolamine and orientated in a similar way. In the presence of an acidic environment, this molecule will be converted into phosphatidylcholine.

1,2-Di-O-hexadecyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine is a versatile building block that can be used in the synthesis of complex compounds. It can be used as a reagent or speciality chemical in research and development. 1,2-Di-O-hexadecyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine is also a useful building block for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds. It is often used as an intermediate for reactions in organic synthesis. It has been shown to react with acid chlorides to form alcohols, esters, and amides. 1,2-Di-O-hexadecyl-rac glycero 3 phosphate ethanolamine has also been shown to be useful scaffold for peptide chemistry applications.

18:1-14:0 PC is a phospholipid that belongs to the group of fatty acids. It is a component of cell membranes and has an acyl chain composition of 18:1-14:0. 18:1-14:0 PC can be found in the lamellar phase, which is the most prevalent lipid phase in biological membranes. It has been shown that 18:1-14:0 PC has a higher melting temperature than other phosphatidylcholines, which may be due to its increased content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The biogenic amine profiles for 18:1-14:0 PC include dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, histamine, and tyramine. The biochemical pathway for 18:1-14:0 PC includes glycerophospholipid metabolism.

Edelfosine is a synthetic, membrane-active lipid alkyl ether that selectively induces cell death in cancer cells. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed to 1-octadecyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine (1-OHDGP) in vivo. 1-OHDGP binds to the anionic sites of the lipid bilayer and causes the lysis of target cells by disrupting their membranes. This process, known as membranolysis, leads to ion channel disruption and death of the target cell. Edelfosin has been shown to be effective against cancer cell lines at nanomolar concentrations.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine is a phospholipid that is found in chloroplasts. It has been shown to be an inhibitor of drug transporter proteins and can prevent the transport of drugs into cells. Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine binds calcium and inhibits the kinetics of the enzyme protein kinase C by binding to its catalytic domain. This phospholipid also functions as a fluorescence probe for basic proteins and cyclic lipopeptides. It has been shown to have pluripotent cell properties, which means it can differentiate into many different types of cells. Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine has a phase transition temperature of 65°C, which means it melts at this temperature.

1-O-Hexadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (HPC) is a phospholipid that is synthesized from the essential fatty acid linoleic acid. It has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on leukemia cells, which may be due to its ability to induce apoptosis by inducing the death of tumor cells and inhibiting protein synthesis. HPC also interacts synergistically with other agents such as phorbol esters, which can lead to increased cell death. This drug has been shown to have immunomodulatory effects in fibrosarcoma cells, where it inhibits tumor growth and induces apoptotic cell death. HPC binds to specific antigens and modulates immune responses through the inhibition of diacylglycerol production.

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