Natural and semi-synthetic antibiotics

Cefaclor (Panoral) is a cephalosporin antibiotic.

Stability Unstable in Solution Applications Cefathiamidine is an antibacterial agent that exhibits a broad spectrum of bactericidal activity against gram-positive bacteria. References Chen, H.Y., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 12, 19 (1983); Philpott-Howard, J., et al.: Scand. J. Infect. Dis. Suppl., 39, 109 (1983); Chen, H.Y., et al.: J. Med. Microbiol., 23, 141 (1987);

Cefdinir (FK-482), a semi-synthetic third-gen cephalosporin antibiotic, treats ear, sinus, throat, and skin infections.

Cilastatin (MK0791): protects imipenem from renal breakdown; inhibits leukotriene D4 metabolism.

Aminoglycoside antibiotics

Sisomicin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic isolated from Micromonospora inyoensis. It is highly active against staphylococci.

Applications An antibiotic derived from Tetracycline. Studies have shown that this derivative can have a 250-fold higher toxicity depending on the system under study. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). References Simmons, D., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 55, 1313 (1966), Paemen, L., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 52, 105 (1996),

Cefathiamidine treats respiratory, liver, senses, urinary infections, endocarditis, and sepsis with broad antibacterial properties.

Applications Homoharringtonine (HHT) combined with some botanical drugs could induce cancer cells to resemble normal cells. HHT was prepared by a semi-synthetic method from Cephalotaxine, a major alkaloid of Cepahlotaxus species through the formation of α-ketoester harringtonine. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Baaske, D., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 12, 298 (1977), Tipping, A., et al.: Leukemia, 16, 2349 (2002), Marin, D., et al.: Cancer, 103, 1850 (2005), Levy, V., et al.: Br. J. Cancer, 95, 253 (2006), de Lavallade, H., et al.: Blood, 2779 (2007),