Botanical Source

Arteannuin B and artemisinic acid are biogenetic precursors of artemisinin, an important antimalarial produced by the herb Artemisia annua, they are active against different bacteria and certain fungal species. Arteannuin B has potential antimalarialand antitumor activity.

Gambogic acid is a tissue-specific proteasome inhibitor, which has anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenesis activities. Gambogic acid induces LRIG1 (leucine-rich repeat and Ig-like domain-containing-1) upregulation, which is responsible for EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) degradation and its downstream Akt/mTORC1 inhibition.

Curdione has anti-inflammatory, cancer chemopreventive activities, significant anti-platelet aggregation and antithrombotic activities , the inhibitory mechanism of curdione on platelet aggregation may increase cAMP levels and subsequently inhibit intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. plays an important role in the CYP3A4 inhibitory activity of C. aromatica.

Isofraxidin has definite anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, analgesic,and anti-inflammatory activities, it inhibits expression of MMP-7 and in vitro cell invasion at a non-toxic level through inhibiting ERK1/2 phosphorylation in hepatoma cell lines.Isofraxidin is one possible radio-protector, it can protect leukemia cells from radiation-induced apoptosis via ROS/mitochondria pathway in a p53-independent manner.

Jatrorrhizine hydrochloride has lipid lowering effects, it can ameliorate hyperlipidemia via the suppression of lipogenesis and the enhancement of lipid oxidation in the liver. It exhibits a potent inhibitory effect toward neuraminidase of the H7N9 (N9) avian influenza virus, it also can potentiate the neuraminidase inhibitory effect of oseltamivir towards H7N9 influenza. Jatrorrhizine hydrochloride is a potential new antimelanoma drug candidate, can inhibit the proliferation and neovascularization of C8161 metastatic melanoma cells with low toxicity.

Rebaudioside I is a steviol glycoside, which is a high-intensity sweetener derived from the leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana plant. As a natural compound, it is extracted and purified through a water or alcohol-based process from the plant’s leaves, which have been traditionally used for their sweetening properties. This sweetener functions by interacting with the sweet-taste receptors on the tongue, specifically the TAS1R2 and TAS1R3 taste receptor complex. This interaction elicits a sweet taste perception without the caloric impact, making it a valuable sugar substitute in various industries. Rebaudioside I is primarily used in the food and beverage industry as a non-caloric sweetener. It is especially useful in products aiming to reduce calorie content, such as diet beverages, sugar-free confectioneries, and low-calorie desserts. Its stability under heat and acidic conditions expands its applications in baking and cooking. Moreover, in pharmaceutical formulations, it can serve as a sweetening agent to enhance the palatability of medications.

Gomisin A has anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, neuroprotective, and anti-proliferation properties, it induces marked protective effects against hepatic and renal injury induced by CCl(4) exposure through differential regulation of the MAPK signal transduction pathway. Gomisin A inhibits COX-2, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α and NO through the down-regulation of RIP2 and NF-κB activation.