Botanical Source

Matrine, an alkaloid purified from the chinese herb Sophora flavescens Ait, is well known to possess activities including anti-inflammation, anti-fibrotic and anticancer, it could inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells in vitro by up-regulating Fas/FasL expression and activating caspase-3 enzyme.

Qingyangshengenin is a a glycoside from the roots of Cynanchum otophyllum.

Aescin monosodium salt is a semisynthetic, anti-inflammatory product derived from escin, which is a mixture of saponins extracted from horse chestnut seeds (Aesculus hippocastanum). It functions primarily by enhancing the integrity of venous walls and decreasing vascular permeability. This is achieved through the stabilization of lysosomal membranes and the inhibition of enzymes that contribute to the breakdown of the vascular endothelium, as well as promoting the release of prostaglandins with vasoprotective properties. Aescin monosodium salt is utilized in scientific research and medicinal applications for its efficacy in treating conditions associated with impaired venous circulation and edema. It is often applied in studies focusing on chronic venous insufficiency, varicose veins, and in reducing postoperative or traumatic swelling. Its roles in modulating inflammatory responses and improving capillary resistance make it a valuable compound in exploring cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory therapeutics.

Forsythoside B inhibits inflammatory response, has antioxidant, antisepsis properties, and also has potent neuroprotective effects with a favorable therapeutic time-window, reduce of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury degree, attenuating blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown. Forsythoside B could inhibit TNF-alpha, IL-6, IκB and modulate NF-κB.

Camelliaside B is a bioactive compound, which is a glycosylated flavonoid derived from the leaves of *Camellia sinensis*, the tea plant. It functions through its antioxidant properties, scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress in biological systems. The molecular structure of Camelliaside B allows it to interact with cellular components, providing protective effects against reactive oxygen species. The compound is of significant interest in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical research due to its potential health benefits. Its applications span a range of uses, including the development of supplements for improving cardiovascular health, enhancing neuroprotection, and reducing inflammation. Additionally, it is explored for its ability to synergize with other natural compounds, enhancing the overall efficacy of complex formulations. Scientists are continuing to investigate its molecular interactions and potential therapeutic roles in various chronic conditions.

Ziziphin is a triterpene glycoside which exhibits taste-modifying properties and derives from the leaves of Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae). In a study, Ziziphin was up to 4 times more active in suppressing the sweet taste of sucrose than other anti-sweet constituents (Suttisri, 1995). Ziziphin suppressed the sweetness induced by D-glucose, D-fructose, stevioside, glycine, sodium saccharin, aspartame and naringin dihydrochalcone. Ziziphin however showed no uppressive effect on the sour taste of hydrochloric acid and the bitter taste of quinine, indicating that ziziphin is highly specific to the sweet taste (Kurihara, 1992). Ziziphin was found to inhibit the sweet taste receptors in humans (Smith, 1983) by a mechanism known as taste modification. In comparison with known gymnemic acids, effects suggest that net dissociation of ziziphins from taste receptor membranes and/or inactivation in the membrane may be much faster than with gymnemic acids (Mahajan, 2009).

Dehydrotrametenolic acid is a promising candidate for a new type of insulin-sensitizing drug; it can be a potential anticancer agent against H-ras transformed tumor.

Neoruscogenin represents a universal pharmacological tool for RORα research due to its specific selectivity profile versus other nuclear receptors.