Phytochemicals

Applications Isotope labelled analog of Yangonin (Y100550), a lactone isolated from the Kava plant (Piper methysticum). The active constituents of Kava are a group of approx. 18 compounds collectively referred to as kavalactones or kava pyrones. Kawain, dihydrokawain, methysticin, dihydromethysticin, yangonin, and desmethoxyyangonin are the six major kavalactones. Kava beverages and other preparations are known to be anxiolytic and are used for anxiety disorders. Dietary supplements containing the root of the kava shrub have been implicated in several cases of liver toxicity in humans, including several who required liver transplants after using kava supplements. References Keledjian, J., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 77, 1003 (1988), Clouatre, D., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 150, 85 (2004), Mathews, J., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 1555 (2005), Clayton, N., et al.: Exp. Toxicol. Pathol., 58, 223 (2007),

Applications Labelled Campesterol (C155360). A phytosterol, which may inhibit the intestinal absorption of cholesterol. References Fransen, H., et al.: J. Nut., 140, 1062 (2010), Kojoma, M., et al.: Plant Biotechnol., 27, 59 (2010), Orozco-Solano, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 7539 (2010),

Applications A protected caffeine metabolite with high antioxidant activity. It is a very sensitive biomarker for the consumption of relatively small amount of coffee. References Buchanan, C., et al.: J. Sci. Food Agric., 71, 459 (1996), Andreasen, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 5679 (2001), Poquet, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 36, 190 (2008),

Stability Hygroscopic Applications Constituent of sugar cane juice. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Smyth, H.F., et al.: J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol., 23, 259 (1941),

Applications Neurotoxin. Activates tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na+ channels, inducing presynaptic depolarization, thus blocking the nerve action potential which, in turn, blocks the release of neurotransmitters and decreases the end plate potential at the neuromuscular junction. Aconitine also blocks norepinephrine reuptake. In the heart, aconitine induces ventricular tachycardia after intracoronary injection. In cultured ventricular myocytes, aconitine increases the duration of the action potential and induces the appearance of early after depolarization.Used in producing heart arrhythmia in experimental animals. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Derbre, S., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 398, 1747 (2010), Li, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 53, 1063 (2010),