Metal Salts

Cesium dichromate is an alkali metal that is used in organic synthesis as a source of cesium ions. It can be produced by the electrolysis of a solution of potassium bichromate in hydrochloric acid and can be purified by precipitation from water. Cesium dichromate decomposes to release molybdenum and cesium ions in a constant, constant pressure environment at temperatures over 150 °C. This process creates an exothermic reaction, which can be used to drive other reactions. Cesium dichromate has been shown to increase the yield of molybdate devices, silicon devices, and organic solvents when used as a filament. It also catalyzes the oxidation of nitrates to nitrites with thermal energy, which is useful for ethylene production.

Applications Nicotinic Anilide (cas# 1752-96-1) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Oxalic acid potassium salt dihydrate is an organic compound that has a molecular formula of C2O4. It can be synthesized by reacting oxalic acid with potassium hydroxide. Oxalic acid potassium salt dihydrate is a crystalline solid, which can be prepared in the laboratory via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Oxalic acid potassium salt dihydrate has a linear calibration curve for chloride and shows good agreement with other methods for chloride determination. It also reacts with electron microscopy to form particles that are microns in size. Oxalic acid potassium salt dihydrate can also react with malonic acid to form thermodynamic data, electron reduction, and affinity constants. This compound is used as an intermediate in chemical reactions.

Stability Hygroscopic Applications Labelled Phosphocholine Chloride, a specific promoter of heparin and serum β-lipoprotein interaction. Phosphocholine Chloride protected the membranes of platelets, erythrocytes, and lysosomes against the labilizing action of various known membrane labilizers. References Mookerjea, S. et al.: Biochem. Res. Biophys. Res. Comm., 53, 580 (1973); Caputi, A.P. et al.: Boll. Chim. Farmac., 117, 553 (1978):

Stability Hygrscopic Applications Calcium Acetate is a salt of acetic acid (A167640), a common chemical reagent used in a multitude of organic reactions. It is the primary constituent of vinegar, contributing to its distinct taste and odor. It is used in the synthesis of dye-sensitized solar cells. References Hara, K. et al.: J. Phys. Chem. 109, 15476 (2005); Nakayama, T. et al.: J. Biochem., 46, 1217 (1959);

Applications Sodium Formate (13c, 99%; D, 98%) (cas# 1215684-17-5) is a useful research chemical.

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

Tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium (IrCl) is a coordination compound that is used as a catalyst to initiate cationic polymerization of biphenyl. It is also used as an analytical reagent for determining the content of fatty acids in oils and fats. The steric interactions between the phenyl groups and the electron-rich iridium atoms lead to a high degree of conversion of ethylene oxide to ethylene glycol, which can be observed by UV absorption. The synthesis of IrCl occurs in two steps: first, the reaction of chloroacetone with phenylmagnesium bromide followed by addition of hydrated iridium chloride. The product crystallizes in red needles, which are analyzed using x-ray crystal structures. Analysis using nmr spectroscopy reveals that IrCl contains four nitrogen atoms and three oxygen atoms. Its redox potentials are -0.9 volts for oxidation and +1.3 volts for reduction, making

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Applications Phosphoric Acid Dibenzyl Ester Silver Salt is a reactant of cortisone 21-phosphate. References Cutler, F. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 80, 6300 (1958)

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Bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)iridium(I) tetrafluoroborate is a proton sponge and an anion receptor. It can be used for the catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of vinylic substrates. This compound is also used in ligand transfer reactions, although it is not a good ligand because it has low stability. Bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)iridium(I) tetrafluoroborate reacts with functional groups such as amines, alcohols, and thiols to form carbonyl compounds. The reaction time varies depending on the nature of the substrate.

Bromochlorophenol Blue sodium salt is a surfactant that is used as an indicator for liquid chromatography. It has been used to detect the presence of avian influenza virus in amniotic fluid samples and to determine the concentration of influenza A virus in chicken eggs. Bromochlorophenol Blue sodium salt is a proton donor and can be used to enhance radiation-induced reactions. This surfactant also has a high solubility, which makes it useful for dissolution of organic compounds prior to analysis by liquid chromatography. The assay sensitivity of Bromochlorophenol Blue sodium salt can be increased by adding chloride ions, which are added as the final step before use.

Ammonium iron(II) sulfate hexahydrate is a salt that contains the metal ion ammonium and iron (II). It is used in cancer research as an electron-radiating agent. The drug molecules are encapsulated into the cavity of mesoporous silica nanoparticles by ionizing radiation. This process immobilizes the drug molecule and prevents it from diffusing away from the particle surface. Ammonium iron(II) sulfate hexahydrate has been shown to be effective against estrone and 17β-estradiol, which are types of estrogen.

N-(Aminoethyl)-5-naphthylamine-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt (NAES) is a fluorescent dye that has been used to study the structure of proteins. NAES binds to acceptor sites on the protein, which can be either amino acid side chains or other ions in solution. The fluorescence of NAES depends on the environment and the number of acceptors present. This dye has been used in assays for staphylococcus, as it is resistant to staining by Gram stain and stains brightly with fluorescence assay. NAES has also been shown to have a high kinetic rate and sensitivity, making it an effective virus assay.

Sodium propyne sulfonate is a crystalline solid that is soluble in water, has high resistance to hydrochloric acid, and a melting point of about 130 degrees Celsius. It is an intermediate in the preparation of ethylene diamine from propylene oxide and hydrochloric acid. The rate of its formation depends on the temperature and concentration of these reactants. Sodium propyne sulfonate can be prepared by adding sodium hydroxide to an aqueous solution of propyne sulfonic acid. This compound has been shown to have antimicrobial properties against bacteria, algae, fungi, and molds. It has also been shown to inhibit the growth and adherence of microorganisms on metal surfaces such as molybdenum and stainless steel at high concentrations. At low concentrations it has been found to increase the thermal expansion coefficient of various metals, including iron, copper, aluminum and silver. Sodium propyne sulfonate is also used in the production of paints and plastics due to its high

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[(SP-4-2-(1R-trans)]-(1,2-Cyclohexanediamine-N,N') dichlorideplatinum(II) is a platinum based anticancer drug that is used in the treatment of cancer. It has been shown to have an antitumor effect on human ovarian carcinoma, murine leukemia and carcinoma cell lines. This compound also has synergistic effects with other drugs, such as cisplatin and carboplatin. [(SP-4-2-(1R-trans)]-(1,2-Cyclohexanediamine-N,N') dichlorideplatinum(II) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of various types of cancerous tissue. The mechanism by which [(SP-4-2-(1R-trans)]-(1,2-Cyclohexanediamine-N,N') dichlorideplatinum(II) exerts its cytot

Citric acid tripotassium salt monohydrate is a membrane-stabilizing agent that has been shown to improve the function of the circuitry in animals. It has been used for the treatment of motoneurons and muscle pain. Citric acid tripotassium salt monohydrate has also been found to be an effective treatment for chronic pain, which may be due to its ability to block pain signals from reaching the brain. This drug has also shown efficacy in treating neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Citric acid tripotassium salt monohydrate is effective at improving the physiological mechanisms that are responsible for translating nervous system activity into movement.

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HEPES is a buffer solution made up of the salts of an organic acid and a weak base. It is used to maintain pH in biochemical experiments and for buffering solutions in biological systems, such as, blood plasma. HEPES can also be used in dilution assays to measure prothrombin time (PT) with microbial surfactant lysis and it has been shown to have significant neuroprotective effects when exposed to light. HEPES has been used as a solid catalyst in the synthesis of light-sensitive drugs, such as, psoralen and its derivatives. It has also been used in fluid samples for measuring enzyme activity with sephadex g-75 or toxicity effects on cells with sephadex g-100.

Citric acid, trilithium salt tetrahydrate is a drug with the chemical formula Li[C6H5O7]2·4H2O. It is a white crystalline powder that is insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol or acetone. Citric acid, trilithium salt tetrahydrate has been found to inhibit the excretion of citrate in urine samples. It binds to p2y receptors on cancer cells, which may lead to anticancer effects. Citric acid, trilithium salt tetrahydrate also exhibits high resistance to thermal expansion and has shown no evidence of drug interactions with sodium carbonate. Citric acid, trilithium salt tetrahydrate can be used in blood sampling procedures for infectious diseases.

Applications Labelled 2-acetylthioethanesulfonic acid. Mesna (M225750) impurity.

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Fluvastatin is a statin that lowers blood cholesterol and triglycerides by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that plays a critical role in the synthesis of cholesterol. Fluvastatin has also been shown to reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction, and to reduce atherosclerotic lesions in animal models, reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Fluvastatin also has been shown to inhibit the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which may be related to its anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, through lowering blood cholesterol, Fluvastatin also inhibits tubulointerstitial injury and prevents renal damage caused by high concentrations of the lipid.

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Applications Anionic surfactants, Sodium 1-Decanesulfonate which acts as a reactants to generate defined ubiquitin-protein conjugates by up to 10-fold resulting in high yields even at low concentrations. References Schneider, D., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 24, 995-1001 (2016)

Applications Potassium Sulphate is used in the preparation of chloride-free potash fertilizers by electrodialysis metathesis. References Han, X., et al.: Sep. Purif. Technol., 191, 144 (2018)

Copper(i) trifluoromethanesulfonate benzene complex is a bicyclic heterocycle that can be synthesized by the reaction of copper(i) triflate with an acylation reagent. This compound is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial that inhibits nitrite reductase, which is an enzyme found in bacteria. Copper(i) trifluoromethanesulfonate benzene complex has been shown to inhibit the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other bacterial strains, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Enterococcus faecalis. The asymmetric synthesis of this compound has been developed to reduce the cost associated with production.

N-(4-Azido-2-nitrophenyl)-2-aminoethylsulfonate, sodium salt, dihydrate (NENPS) is a transport inhibitor that is used to study the transport properties of cells. This compound is a stilbene derivative with a sulfonic acid group at the 4 position. NENPS binds to the subunit of ATP synthase, which is responsible for the transport of ions and sugar into the cell. It irreversibly inhibits ATP synthase by binding to cysteine residues on the enzyme's F1 subunit. NENPS also binds to calcium ions in the cell membrane, which may be due to its ability to form disulfide bonds and compete for uptake sites on red blood cells.

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Poly-L-glutamic acid sodium, MW 50,000-100,000 is a treatment agent that belongs to the group of oligopeptides. It is a low-dose therapeutic agent for the treatment of hair loss and alopecia. The amino acid sequence of this product has been shown to be similar to that of methionine and contains carboxyl groups. Poly-L-glutamic acid sodium, MW 50,000-100,000 is formed by the deprotonation and protonation of amino groups and carboxyl groups in an acidic environment.

Proton pump inhibitor; anti-ulcer

Applications Tetraoctyltin was coupled to C-H bonds of 2-aryl- and 2-benzyl-substituted 4,4-​dimethyl-​2-​oxazolines and pyridines to give the benzene ring-​alkylated products in good yields by using 5 mol % Pd(OAc)​2 as the catalyst. References Chen, X., et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, 78 (2006).

Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate is a catalyst that has been used in the oxidation of organic compounds. It is an anti-infective agent with activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate can be used as a catalyst to oxidize a variety of organic substrates, including coumarin derivatives. The mechanism of this reaction involves the formation of an intermediate complex between bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and the substrate, which then undergoes oxidation catalyzed by bismuth nitrate pentahydrate. X-ray diffraction data on bismuth nitrate pentahydrate particles are available in the literature for model systems. This material also has properties that make it suitable for use as a catalyst for zirconium oxide and molybdenum.

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Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide is a chemical species that is commonly used in the synthesis of lithium fluoride. Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide has a viscosity that is very low in comparison to other compounds. It also has a low redox potential and high salt transport properties. Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide reacts with hydrogen fluoride to form lithium, which can then be used as an electrode material for rechargeable batteries. The molecular modeling of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide shows that it has a tendency to form dimers. This reaction solution can be analyzed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

Chloro(1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene)copper(I) is a tetrahydrofuran molecule with copper atoms in its structure. It has a pale yellow colour and is soluble in chloroform or glassware. Chloro(1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene)copper(I) reacts with azides to form a carbonyl group and can be used for the preparation of acetone and hydroboration products. This compound also acts as an alkylation agent by reacting with chloride to form a yellow solid.

Applications 2-Ethoxyethanol 1-(Dihydrogen Phosphate) Sodium Salt (1:2), can be used as an intermediate for the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds such as Fosfomycin (F727500), which is an antibiotic. References Goto, M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 20, 393 (1981),

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Triphenylbismuth Diacetate (TPB) is a diphenyl ether with the chemical formula C14H10O4PS. It is a synthetic compound that has been used as an effective dose to treat patients with chronic constipation. TPB works by acting on the colon, which stimulates peristalsis and increases the water content of fecal matter. The effective dose for TPB ranges from 5-20mg/kg, and can be administered orally or rectally. TPB has been shown to be effective in treating symptoms of chronic constipation related to colonic inertia, faecal impaction, and slow transit constipation.

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Applications Betahistine free base (cas# 5638-76-6) is a useful research chemical.

Applications An intermediate in the preparation of DOPA-decarboxylase inhibitors

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Sodium 2-hydroxybenzenesulfonate is a monosodium salt that dissolves in water to form a solution with a pH of less than 7. It has the chemical formula NaHSO3 and can be prepared by reacting sodium carbonate with p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Sodium 2-hydroxybenzenesulfonate is an antimicrobial agent that is used in food processing, animal feed, and other industries. It is also used as an additive to nutrient solutions for bowel disease and as an ingredient in some detergents. The pure form of this compound is unstable at high temperatures, but it can be stabilized by adding sodium citrate or trifluoroacetic acid. Sodium 2-hydoxybenzenesulfonate reacts with particles to form hydroxylamine sulfonic acid, which is able to react with cations such as calcium, magnesium, or potassium. This reaction causes the particle to expand due to increased volume and heat

Applications O,O-Di(Ethyl-d5)phosphate Sodium Salt is labelled Diethyl Phosphate Sodium Salt (D444720) which is used in a cosmetic composition for treating keratin materials, for example, keratin fibers such as the hair.

Disodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous is a sodium salt of phosphoric acid. It is used in the formulation of medicinal products as a buffering agent and as a source of sodium ions. Disodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous also has synergistic effects with other drugs, such as calcium pantothenate and ambroxol hydrochloride injection, which are used for the treatment of infectious diseases. Disodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous has phase transition temperature that is low enough to permit dissolution in water vapor, making it suitable for use in liquid formulations. The solubility of this drug can be increased by combining it with other compounds such as calcium pantothenate or ambroxol hydrochloride injection. This compound can be analyzed using chromatographic methods and microdialysis probes to determine its concentration in reaction solutions.

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium is a bile acid derivative, which is naturally sourced from the bile of mammals. It is synthesized by conjugating chenodeoxycholic acid with taurine, resulting in its sodium salt form. The primary mode of action of taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium involves its role in the emulsification and absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the intestines. Additionally, it acts on the liver, where it enhances bile flow and exhibits hepatoprotective properties by modulating bile acid composition and reducing cytotoxicity. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium is utilized extensively in scientific research and therapeutic applications related to liver health. Its role in altering bile composition makes it valuable for studying liver diseases and cholestatic conditions. Moreover, its hepatoprotective effects are of interest in developing potential treatments for liver disorders, including primary biliary cholangitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Researchers also explore its properties for possible benefits in metabolic and gastrointestinal studies, leveraging its biochemical activities to understand and potentially mitigate various digestive and hepatic pathologies.

Copper acetate is a chemical compound that is composed of copper and acetic acid. Copper acetate monohydrate, the form used in this product, is an ionic salt that has the chemical formula Cu(CHCO)2. The copper atom has a coordination geometry of 4.5 and is surrounded by six oxygen atoms and two hydrogen atoms. The reaction mechanism for this compound involves methyl ethyl malonic acid as shown below: The first step in the reaction mechanism is the formation of a carbanion intermediate with the loss of a proton from one of the methyl groups on malonic acid. This carbanion attacks the copper atom to form an intermediate with two positive charges on it, which then breaks down into two molecules of malonic acid and one molecule of water. The other methyl group then reacts with another molecule of malonic acid to form methyl ethyl dicarboxylate and release another proton. This proton can be accepted by water or react with

Applications Sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate, also known as the BARF anion, is a compound used in catalytic cycles due to its inability to coordinate to metal centres. References Brookhart, M.; et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 114, 5894 (1992).

Applications Sodium 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid is used in biological studies as flavor precursor extraction from different grape varieties and its effect on wine aroma during alcohol fermentation. Sodium 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid is required for complete removal of carbohydrate anomeric acetates using ammonium acetate References Loscos, N., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 6674 (2007); Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, 2012, 2, 379-383

Dexamethasone sodium phosphate is a water-soluble glucocorticosteroid used in the treatment of inflammation and pain. In a rabbit model, the inclusion of dexamethasone sodium phosphate into liposomes has improved its delivery to the eye compartments (Al-Muhammed, 1996). To improve the acceptability by paediatric patients, dexamethasone sodium phosphate has been tested in formulations with sweeteners and chocolate (Synaridou, 2020). A pollutant of hospital wastewater, dexamethasone sodium phosphate is degraded by Pseudomonas alcaligenes during bioremediation (Yi, 2014).

Sodium (2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate is a cytosolic calcium ionophore that was found to inhibit sugar transport in the presence of an erythrocyte membrane. It binds to the alpha 1 subunit of the sodium-dependent glucose transporter. Sodium (2-sulfonatoethyl)methanethiosulfonate also inhibits cation channels, which are important for cell membrane potential, and has an inhibitory effect on tissue culture cells. This drug is not reversible, but it does have a regulatory domain that can be used for drug design.

Applications Methylparaben Sodium Salt is used as postharvest treatment against citrus green and blue molds since it possess curative antifungal activity. References Moscoso-Ramirez, P., et al.: Postharvest Biol. Technol., 77, 128 (2013);

Potassium 2-iodo-5-methylbenzenesulfonate is a thiazole that can be synthesized from potassium and methyl iodide. The reaction mixture can then be filtered and the filtrate can be concentrated to yield a high yield of potassium 2-iodo-5-methylbenzenesulfonate. This compound is used in organic synthesis as a reagent for the preparation of thiophene derivatives.

Sodium pyrophosphate decanhydrate is a methyltransferase inhibitor that blocks the enzyme form of the DNA methyltransferase, which is responsible for maintaining DNA methylation patterns. It has been shown to inhibit the enzymatic activity of this enzyme in a model system. Sodium pyrophosphate decanhydrate inhibits the growth of bacteria by binding to water molecules and preventing them from binding to other molecules, causing dehydration. This drug also has potential as a natriuretic peptide levels inhibitor, with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies showing that it may have a high affinity for sodium ions. Studies have also shown that sodium pyrophosphate decanhydrate has no toxicity in mice.

Silver chloride is a chemical compound of silver and chlorine. It is used as an antimicrobial agent because of its bactericidal activity against bacteria and fungi. Silver chloride has shown to have high efficacy against gram-positive bacteria, such as staphylococci and streptococci, but is not active against gram-negative bacteria or fungi. Silver chloride can be used in wastewater treatment with copper chloride or potassium dichromate, which have been shown to act synergistically with silver chloride. Silver chloride also has been found to have physiological effects on the human body, including decreased heart rate and blood pressure. The addition of zirconium oxide increases the antibacterial properties of this compound.