Metal Salts

Cesium dichromate is an alkali metal that is used in organic synthesis as a source of cesium ions. It can be produced by the electrolysis of a solution of potassium bichromate in hydrochloric acid and can be purified by precipitation from water. Cesium dichromate decomposes to release molybdenum and cesium ions in a constant, constant pressure environment at temperatures over 150 °C. This process creates an exothermic reaction, which can be used to drive other reactions. Cesium dichromate has been shown to increase the yield of molybdate devices, silicon devices, and organic solvents when used as a filament. It also catalyzes the oxidation of nitrates to nitrites with thermal energy, which is useful for ethylene production.

Applications Nicotinic Anilide (cas# 1752-96-1) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Oxalic acid potassium salt dihydrate is an organic compound that has a molecular formula of C2O4. It can be synthesized by reacting oxalic acid with potassium hydroxide. Oxalic acid potassium salt dihydrate is a crystalline solid, which can be prepared in the laboratory via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Oxalic acid potassium salt dihydrate has a linear calibration curve for chloride and shows good agreement with other methods for chloride determination. It also reacts with electron microscopy to form particles that are microns in size. Oxalic acid potassium salt dihydrate can also react with malonic acid to form thermodynamic data, electron reduction, and affinity constants. This compound is used as an intermediate in chemical reactions.

Stability Hygroscopic Applications Labelled Phosphocholine Chloride, a specific promoter of heparin and serum β-lipoprotein interaction. Phosphocholine Chloride protected the membranes of platelets, erythrocytes, and lysosomes against the labilizing action of various known membrane labilizers. References Mookerjea, S. et al.: Biochem. Res. Biophys. Res. Comm., 53, 580 (1973); Caputi, A.P. et al.: Boll. Chim. Farmac., 117, 553 (1978):

Stability Hygrscopic Applications Calcium Acetate is a salt of acetic acid (A167640), a common chemical reagent used in a multitude of organic reactions. It is the primary constituent of vinegar, contributing to its distinct taste and odor. It is used in the synthesis of dye-sensitized solar cells. References Hara, K. et al.: J. Phys. Chem. 109, 15476 (2005); Nakayama, T. et al.: J. Biochem., 46, 1217 (1959);

Applications Sodium Formate (13c, 99%; D, 98%) (cas# 1215684-17-5) is a useful research chemical.

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

Tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium (IrCl) is a coordination compound that is used as a catalyst to initiate cationic polymerization of biphenyl. It is also used as an analytical reagent for determining the content of fatty acids in oils and fats. The steric interactions between the phenyl groups and the electron-rich iridium atoms lead to a high degree of conversion of ethylene oxide to ethylene glycol, which can be observed by UV absorption. The synthesis of IrCl occurs in two steps: first, the reaction of chloroacetone with phenylmagnesium bromide followed by addition of hydrated iridium chloride. The product crystallizes in red needles, which are analyzed using x-ray crystal structures. Analysis using nmr spectroscopy reveals that IrCl contains four nitrogen atoms and three oxygen atoms. Its redox potentials are -0.9 volts for oxidation and +1.3 volts for reduction, making

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Applications Phosphoric Acid Dibenzyl Ester Silver Salt is a reactant of cortisone 21-phosphate. References Cutler, F. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 80, 6300 (1958)

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Bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)iridium(I) tetrafluoroborate is a proton sponge and an anion receptor. It can be used for the catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation of vinylic substrates. This compound is also used in ligand transfer reactions, although it is not a good ligand because it has low stability. Bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)iridium(I) tetrafluoroborate reacts with functional groups such as amines, alcohols, and thiols to form carbonyl compounds. The reaction time varies depending on the nature of the substrate.

Bromochlorophenol Blue sodium salt is a surfactant that is used as an indicator for liquid chromatography. It has been used to detect the presence of avian influenza virus in amniotic fluid samples and to determine the concentration of influenza A virus in chicken eggs. Bromochlorophenol Blue sodium salt is a proton donor and can be used to enhance radiation-induced reactions. This surfactant also has a high solubility, which makes it useful for dissolution of organic compounds prior to analysis by liquid chromatography. The assay sensitivity of Bromochlorophenol Blue sodium salt can be increased by adding chloride ions, which are added as the final step before use.

Ammonium iron(II) sulfate hexahydrate is a salt that contains the metal ion ammonium and iron (II). It is used in cancer research as an electron-radiating agent. The drug molecules are encapsulated into the cavity of mesoporous silica nanoparticles by ionizing radiation. This process immobilizes the drug molecule and prevents it from diffusing away from the particle surface. Ammonium iron(II) sulfate hexahydrate has been shown to be effective against estrone and 17β-estradiol, which are types of estrogen.

N-(Aminoethyl)-5-naphthylamine-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt (NAES) is a fluorescent dye that has been used to study the structure of proteins. NAES binds to acceptor sites on the protein, which can be either amino acid side chains or other ions in solution. The fluorescence of NAES depends on the environment and the number of acceptors present. This dye has been used in assays for staphylococcus, as it is resistant to staining by Gram stain and stains brightly with fluorescence assay. NAES has also been shown to have a high kinetic rate and sensitivity, making it an effective virus assay.

Sodium propyne sulfonate is a crystalline solid that is soluble in water, has high resistance to hydrochloric acid, and a melting point of about 130 degrees Celsius. It is an intermediate in the preparation of ethylene diamine from propylene oxide and hydrochloric acid. The rate of its formation depends on the temperature and concentration of these reactants. Sodium propyne sulfonate can be prepared by adding sodium hydroxide to an aqueous solution of propyne sulfonic acid. This compound has been shown to have antimicrobial properties against bacteria, algae, fungi, and molds. It has also been shown to inhibit the growth and adherence of microorganisms on metal surfaces such as molybdenum and stainless steel at high concentrations. At low concentrations it has been found to increase the thermal expansion coefficient of various metals, including iron, copper, aluminum and silver. Sodium propyne sulfonate is also used in the production of paints and plastics due to its high

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[(SP-4-2-(1R-trans)]-(1,2-Cyclohexanediamine-N,N') dichlorideplatinum(II) is a platinum based anticancer drug that is used in the treatment of cancer. It has been shown to have an antitumor effect on human ovarian carcinoma, murine leukemia and carcinoma cell lines. This compound also has synergistic effects with other drugs, such as cisplatin and carboplatin. [(SP-4-2-(1R-trans)]-(1,2-Cyclohexanediamine-N,N') dichlorideplatinum(II) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of various types of cancerous tissue. The mechanism by which [(SP-4-2-(1R-trans)]-(1,2-Cyclohexanediamine-N,N') dichlorideplatinum(II) exerts its cytot

Citric acid tripotassium salt monohydrate is a membrane-stabilizing agent that has been shown to improve the function of the circuitry in animals. It has been used for the treatment of motoneurons and muscle pain. Citric acid tripotassium salt monohydrate has also been found to be an effective treatment for chronic pain, which may be due to its ability to block pain signals from reaching the brain. This drug has also shown efficacy in treating neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Citric acid tripotassium salt monohydrate is effective at improving the physiological mechanisms that are responsible for translating nervous system activity into movement.

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HEPES is a buffer solution made up of the salts of an organic acid and a weak base. It is used to maintain pH in biochemical experiments and for buffering solutions in biological systems, such as, blood plasma. HEPES can also be used in dilution assays to measure prothrombin time (PT) with microbial surfactant lysis and it has been shown to have significant neuroprotective effects when exposed to light. HEPES has been used as a solid catalyst in the synthesis of light-sensitive drugs, such as, psoralen and its derivatives. It has also been used in fluid samples for measuring enzyme activity with sephadex g-75 or toxicity effects on cells with sephadex g-100.

Citric acid, trilithium salt tetrahydrate is a drug with the chemical formula Li[C6H5O7]2·4H2O. It is a white crystalline powder that is insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol or acetone. Citric acid, trilithium salt tetrahydrate has been found to inhibit the excretion of citrate in urine samples. It binds to p2y receptors on cancer cells, which may lead to anticancer effects. Citric acid, trilithium salt tetrahydrate also exhibits high resistance to thermal expansion and has shown no evidence of drug interactions with sodium carbonate. Citric acid, trilithium salt tetrahydrate can be used in blood sampling procedures for infectious diseases.

Applications Labelled 2-acetylthioethanesulfonic acid. Mesna (M225750) impurity.

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Fluvastatin is a statin that lowers blood cholesterol and triglycerides by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that plays a critical role in the synthesis of cholesterol. Fluvastatin has also been shown to reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction, and to reduce atherosclerotic lesions in animal models, reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Fluvastatin also has been shown to inhibit the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which may be related to its anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, through lowering blood cholesterol, Fluvastatin also inhibits tubulointerstitial injury and prevents renal damage caused by high concentrations of the lipid.

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Applications Anionic surfactants, Sodium 1-Decanesulfonate which acts as a reactants to generate defined ubiquitin-protein conjugates by up to 10-fold resulting in high yields even at low concentrations. References Schneider, D., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 24, 995-1001 (2016)