Sugars

Stability Hygroscopic Applications γ-Cyclodextrin is used as nanomolecular encapsulation for drug delivery and pharmaceuticals. Used in the synthesis of unilamellar vesicles. References Ikeda, A. et al.: Chem. Comm., 50, 1288 (2014); Gudmundsdottir, B. et al.: J. Ocular Pharm. Ther., 30, 35 (2014);

Please enquire for more information about Beta-phenylethyl b-D-thioglucopyranoside including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

Bisbiguanide antiseptic and disinfectant used in topical antibacterial products

Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive Applications 3-Deoxyglucosone-13C6, is the labeled anologue of 3-Deoxyglucosone (D239150), an intermediate in the Maillard reaction of proteins with glucose, which is metabolised to 3-Deoxyfructose. An intermediate in the formation of pyrraline, which might contribute to a pathological effect, such as carcinogenesis. References Kato, H. et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 51, 683 (1987), Hayase, F. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 264, 3758 (1989), Kato, H. et al.: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1035, 71 (1990)

Applications N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine (cas# 1811-31-0) is a compound useful in organic synthesis. References Nakajima, M., et al.: App. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 83, 109 (2009), Singh, S., et al.: Mol. Immunol., 46, 1240 (2009),

Applications D-Galactose-3-sulfate potassium salt is a sulfated conjugate of D-Galactose (G155250), a epimer of Glucose (G595000) that is found in milk and sugar beets as well as being synthesized by the body. References Turvey, J.R., et al.: J. Chem. Soc., 2242 (1963); Bowker, D.M., et al.: J. Chromatograph., 22, 486 (1966);

Please enquire for more information about Galacto-RGD trifluoroacetate salt including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

Applications Calcium D-gluconate monohydrate (cas# 66905-23-5) is a useful research chemical.

20-Deoxo-23-deoxy-5-O-[3,6-dideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20,23-di-1-piperidinyltylonolide is an antimicrobial agent that belongs to the group of chemotherapeutic agents. It is a fluorinated analog of tilmicosin. The low dose group was treated with this drug for five days, and the high dose group received 20 times the amount of drug. Fluorescence spectrometry showed that there was no significant difference in the fluorescence intensity between these two groups after 24 hours. This drug has been shown to have pharmacokinetic properties in rats and mice, but further optimization may be required to improve its process.

Stability Hygroscopic Applications Isotope labelled analog of α-D-Galactose 1-Phosphate, the phosphate conjugate of α-D-Galactose (G155260), a natural aldohexose which is ubiquitous in bacteria, plants, and animals, including human brains. References Sang, J.L., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 190, 7932 (2008);

Stability Temperature Sensitive Applications Methyl 2,3,4-Tri-O-isobutyryl-D-glucopyranuronate (cas# 1190403-86-1) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

6-Fluoro-6-deoxyglucose (6FDG) is a glucose analog that has been used as a radiotracer in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. 6FDG is not metabolized by the body and accumulates in areas of tissue that are under hypoxic conditions. It is also used to measure glucose uptake, which can be helpful in determining the severity of diabetic nephropathy. 6FDG has been shown to have no effect on fertility or general physiological effects. 6FDG has also been shown to increase insulin sensitivity by reducing glucose production and increasing glucose uptake in adipose cells.

L-Gluconic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H12O6. It is a colourless solid that is soluble in water and has a sour taste. L-Gluconic acid can be produced by the oxidation of glucose and other sugars or by hydrolysis of starch or cellulose. L-Gluconic acid is an intermediate in glycolysis, and it is a reactant in several biochemical processes, such as the citric acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, and non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. It can also be used as a precursor to polymers such as polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, and polycaprolactone. L-Gluconic acid has oxidizing properties due to its carboxylate group which can react with amines to form stable complexes. This property makes L-gluconic acid useful for analytical purposes because it can be used for

Please enquire for more information about 3'-methoxy apiin;Chrysoeiol-7-(2-O-apiosylglucoside) including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

Please enquire for more information about 1-Thio-alpha-D-glucopyranosepentaacetate including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

Applications Isotope labelled analog of α-D-Galactose 1-Phosphate, the phosphate conjugate of α-D-Galactose (G155260), a natural aldohexose which is ubiquitous in bacteria, plants, and animals, including human brains. References Sang, J.L., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 190, 7932 (2008);

2-Acetamido-1,4,6-Tri-O-Acetyl-2,3-Dideoxy-3-Fluoro-D-Glucopyranose is a glycoconjugate that has been shown to be present on the surface of human colon carcinoma cells and human ovarian carcinoma cells. It is synthesized by the glycosyltransferase enzyme α1,4 glucosyltransferase. This glycoprotein has been shown to have lectin activity and is capable of binding to various types of lectins. The carbohydrate moiety is composed of an oligosaccharide chain with a terminal glucose residue linked by a β(1→4) linkage. This chain may contain up to 11 different sugars including mannose, galactose, fucose, sialic acid, NANA (N acetylneuraminic acid), glucose, asparagine and glucuronic acid. The 2

Rengasin-3'-O-glucoside is a fine chemical, useful building block, and research chemical. It is a versatile building block that can be used in the synthesis of complex compounds. Rengasin-3'-O-glucoside is also a useful intermediate or scaffold for reactions. This compound has been shown to react with 1,2-ethanediol and form an ester, which can be hydrolyzed to release glycerol and the original rengasin-3'-O-glucoside.

The enzyme b-D-galactopyranosyl fluoride is a glycosylase that catalyzes the removal of a D-galactose from the 3 position of a β-D-galactopyranosylsucrose. This enzyme is found in bacteria, such as E. coli and B. subtilis. The rate of the reaction is enhanced by fluoride ions, which are required for catalysis. The second order rate constants for the reaction have been determined using wild-type and mutant enzymes expressed in E. coli cells. The values obtained were 0.0025 ± 0.0005 and 0.002 ± 0.001 s−1, respectively, corresponding to an activation energy of 12 ± 4 kJ mol−1 (kcal mol−1).

Magnesium borogluconate is a dietary supplement that can be used to treat cardiovascular disorders such as tachycardia and hypertension. It is also used in the treatment of intestinal disorders, including constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Magnesium borogluconate has been shown to be effective for humans in increasing serum magnesium levels. Magnesium borogluconate is not recommended for animals due to its toxicity.

Rengasin-4'-O-glucoside (RG4G) is a natural glycoside that belongs to the category of sugar derivatives. It has versatile uses and can be used as a building block for complex compounds, as well as in research chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. RG4G also has many applications in chemistry, including being used as a reagent or speciality chemical. RG4G is also an important intermediate in organic synthesis, which can be used to synthesize many useful compounds. The compound is often used as a scaffold for larger molecules.

Please enquire for more information about Mono-2-O-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-a-cyclodextrin including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

Applications D-Mannose is a carbohydrate that is important in the glycosylation of molecules in a variety of cellular processes. It is involved in N and O glycosylation of bovine why protein products, used in infant formulas. It is also responsible for the O-glycosylation of the T helper cell-derived cytokine interlukin-17A, an important cell-signaling molecule. This is the labeled analog. References Van Leeuwen, S. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 60, 12553 (2012); Geoghegan, K. et al.: Prot. Express. Purif., 87, 27 (2013);

Deoxynivalenol is a mycotoxin that is found in wheat and other cereals. The presence of deoxynivalenol in food can cause gastrointestinal disorders, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. 3-Glucoside is one of the major metabolites of deoxynivalenol. It has been shown to be carcinogenic in mice when administered orally. The major metabolites of deoxynivalenol are hydrolyzed by hydrochloric acid in the stomach, which is then absorbed by the intestines into the bloodstream. This 3-glucoside metabolite can be extracted using dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) and analyzed using LC-MS/MS. Deoxynivalenol 3-glucoside is an important analytical marker for mycotoxin contamination in humans and animals.

Applications β-Cyclodextrin Deuterated is an isotope analog of β-Cyclodextrin (C987830), which is a cyclic oligosaccharide produced from starch via enzymatic conversion. β-Cyclodextrin is commonly used to produce HPLC columns allowing chiral enantiomers separation. References Motoyama, A. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 28, 97 (2002); Nakamura, N. et al. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 19, 87 (1977); Riddle, L. A. et al.: J. Chrom. Sci., 45, 330 (2007);

Please enquire for more information about a-Spinasterol-3-O-b-D-glucoside including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

Applications Galactinol Hydrate is an α-galactoside of Inositol (I665995), which is the structural basis for a number of signaling and secondary messenger molecules including; insulin signal transduction, cytoskeleton assembly, nerve guidance, membrane potentials, serotonin activity and the breaking down of fats and reducing cholesterol. References Graca, G., et al.: J. Prot. Res., 9, 6016 (2010); Rovio, S., et al.: Food Chem., 124, 1194 (2010);

Stability Hygroscopic Applications Guaiacol-beta-D-glucopyranoside-d3, is a labeled analogue of Guaiacol-beta-D-glucopyranoside (G245565), a Guaiacol Conjugate, that has shown to present in fermentation of grapes that had been exposed to bushfire smoke and can potentially yield unpalatable, smoke-affected wine. References Hayasaka, Y.m et al.: J. Arg. Food Chem., Vol. 58, Issue 4, P: 2076; 2081 (2010);

Peroxynitrite is a reactive oxygen species that can cause cellular damage. It has been shown to be synthesized by the reaction of nitric oxide with superoxide, and is an important mediator of cell damage. Pre-incubation of cells with peroxynitrite leads to the modification of proteins in the extracellular environment, which causes a loss of function. The 6-hydroxyl group then reacts with amines and leads to the formation of nitrosamines which are cytotoxic. Peroxynitrite also inhibits RNA synthesis and DNA repair, leading to cell death. Peroxynitrite is cytotoxic to Mcl-7 cells and other cell lines, as well as myeloid leukemia cells (HL-60). The following product details have been generated by a computer program:

Glucostrophanthidin is a cardiac glycoside, which is derived from natural plant sources, specifically from species in the Apocynaceae family. This compound exerts its effects primarily through inhibition of the sodium-potassium ATPase enzyme, leading to an increase in intracellular sodium concentration. The downstream effect of this process involves an increase in intracellular calcium via the sodium-calcium exchange mechanism, ultimately enhancing the contractility of cardiac muscle fibers. In scientific research, Glucostrophanthidin is often utilized for its role in modulating heart function, providing valuable insights into cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. Its primary applications include experimental studies related to heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias, where it serves as a tool to understand the mechanisms governing heart muscle contraction. Despite its potent effects, the use of Glucostrophanthidin requires careful handling due to its narrow therapeutic index and potential for toxicity. This compound continues to be an important subject of study in the context of developing therapeutic strategies for cardiac conditions.

3-Hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acidb-D-glucopyranosylester is a sulfonic acid that is a hepatoprotective agent. It belongs to the group of sulfonic acids, which are used as corrosion inhibitors. 3-Hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acidb-D - glucopyranosylester has been shown to inhibit the activity of the ginsenoside glycosidase enzyme and have anticarcinogenic properties. This compound also has a low bioavailability due to its hydrophobic nature, which may be due to its conjugation with cyclohexane ring. 3HOLA is an effective inhibitor of rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation and it also binds to the active site of triterpenoid saponin.

Applications Isotope labelled D-galactose (G155250), A C-4 epimer of Glucose (G595000) found in milk and sugar beets as well as being synthesized by the body. Potential use in oral therapy for nephrotic syndrome in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. References De Smet, E. et al.: Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., 24, 2938 (2009); Kivele, R. et al.: Carb. Pol., 85, 645 (2011);

Stability Hygroscopic, Moisture Sensitive Applications D-Galactal is an important building block for both solution- and solid-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides.

Applications D-Galacturonic Acid-13C6 is labelled D-Galacturonic Acid (G186500, Monohydrate) which is used in the synthesis of N-(D-galacturonoyl) amino acids and dipeptides. References Klaus, U., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 3514 (2000),

Applications α-D-Mannose 1-Phosphate is used in the synthesis of non-natural mannoglucans by α-glucan phosphorylase-catalyzed enzymatic copolymerization;Also, it is derived from D-Mannose (M168000), which is a carbohydrate that is important in the glycosylation of molecules in a variety of cellular processes. It is involved in N and O glycosylation of bovine why protein products, used in infant formulas. It is also responsible for the O-glycosylation of the T helper cell-derived cytokine interlukin-17A, an important cell-signaling molecule. References Baba, R., et al.: Carbohydr. Polym., 151, 1034-1039 (2016); van Leeuwen, S. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 60, 12553 (2012); Geoghegan, K. et al.: Prot. Express. Purif., 87, 27 (2013);

Applications Dextrin (cas# 9004-53-9) is a versatile polymer used in a variety of applications such as in the preparation of probiotic beer and polymer solar cells. References Senkarcinova, B.; et al.: LWT, 100, 362 (2019); Lin, P.; et al.: ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 6, 14621 (2018).

Applications Guaiacol-beta-D-glucopyranoside, is a Guaiacol Conjugate, that has shown to present in fermentation of grapes that had been exposed to bushfire smoke and can potentially yield unpalatable, smoke-affected wine. References Hayasaka, Y.m et al.: J. Arg. Food Chem., Vol. 58, Issue 4, P: 2076; 2081 (2010);

Applications N,N-[Iminobis(trimethylene)]bis-D-gluconamide (cas# 86303-20-0) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Fluorine-18 labelled 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoroglucose (FDG) is a radioactive glucose analogue that is used as a diagnostic agent in nuclear medicine. FDG is taken up by cells, metabolized to fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), and trapped inside the cell. The uptake of FDG is often increased in tumors and inflammatory bowel disease. The level of uptake can be measured by positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, which detects the emission of positrons from FDG. This technique can be used to diagnose diseases such as cancer and bowel disease.

Please enquire for more information about 3a-Amino-3a-deoxy-(2aS,3aS)-gamma-cyclodextrin hydrate including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

Applications Intermediate used in the addition of protected Glucopyranuronic Acid.

Ferrous gluconate dihydrate is a fine chemical that has many applications in research and development. It is a versatile building block that can be used as a starting material for the synthesis of complex compounds, such as drugs, pesticides, and perfumes. Ferrous gluconate dihydrate can also be used as a reaction component to produce speciality chemicals, such as benzyl alcohols. In addition to its usefulness in research, ferrous gluconate dihydrate is an important reagent for the production of high-quality pharmaceuticals.

Sodium stibogluconate is a drug that has been widely used in the treatment of leishmaniasis. It is administered as an intramuscular injection or intravenous infusion, depending on the severity of the infection. The drug targets the parasite by inhibiting its DNA topoisomerase, which disrupts DNA replication and transcription. Clinical data have shown that this drug is effective against infantum and other strains of leishmania. Sodium stibogluconate is used to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis, which are skin lesions caused by Leishmania parasites. This drug can be administered as an intramuscular injection or intravenous infusion depending on the severity of the infection. Sodium stibogluconate works by targeting Leishmania parasites by inhibiting their DNA topoisomerase, which disrupts DNA replication and transcription. Clinical data has shown that this drug is effective against infantum and other strains of leishmania.

N-Fluoroacetylgalactosamine is a chitin derivative that is used as a calcium supplement. It can be synthesized from pueraria lobata and chitosan, both natural polymers. The reaction rate of N-fluoroacetylgalactosamine is constant in the range of pH 7.5 to 8.5, with x-ray diffraction data confirming the presence of nitrogen atoms. This molecule also has low allergenicity and does not induce allergic reactions in animals or humans when administered at high doses up to 10%. The particle size and formation rate are dependent on the concentration of N-fluoroacetylgalactosamine and its activation energy, which can be calculated using the Arrhenius equation.

Sec-O-Glucosylhamaudol is a natural product that was isolated from the plant Pueraria lobata. Sec-O-Glucosylhamaudol binds to DNA and has an inhibitory effect on the synthesis of fatty acids in H9c2 cells, which are human heart muscle cells. The binding of this compound to DNA appears to be reversible, as it can be released by heating. This compound also has an anti-complement activity and an antinociceptive effect at concentrations of 10 mg/kg. It has been shown to have anticancer properties against breast cancer cells and is effective in inhibiting the growth of these cells at concentrations of 25-100 μg/mL.

Please enquire for more information about Kaempferol 3-O-D-galactoside including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

3-Deoxy-3-Fluoro-D-Gluconic Acid is a metabolite in the biosynthesis of 3-deoxy-3-fluoro--d--glucose. It is localized in tissues such as cerebral cortex, kidney cortex, and cecropia. 3DG is found at high concentrations in the hemolymph of cecropia larvae. It has been shown to produce significant effects on the magnetic susceptibility of water and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The enzyme responsible for its synthesis is glucose dehydrogenase and it can be found in anaerobic bacteria that use 3-deoxy-3-fluoro--d--glucose as their sole carbon source. This compound also inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, which are aerobic bacteria.

Isolevoglucosenone is a disaccharide molecule that can be used as a sugar-based hybridization agent. It has been shown to selectively bind to the surface glycoprotein of mammalian cells and inhibit their growth. Isolevoglucosenone also has the ability to form conjugates with phosphites, carbonyls, and other molecules that are effective in inhibiting enzymatic activity. The effective dose for Isolevoglucosenone is between 50 and 100 μM.