Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) Standards

Applications Metabolite of Tetracycline (T291400). This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). References Diana, J., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 39, 523 (2005), Fritz, J., et al.: Food Chem., 105, 1297 (2007), Gratacos-Cubarsi, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 55, 4610 (2007),

Applications A urinary metabolite from inhalation and dermal exposure to polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons in hot mix asphalt paving workers. A heterocyclic aromatic compound with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.One of the azaarenes found in grilled meat. References Smith, C.J., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 38, 637 (2000), Koehler, D.A., et al.:; J. Ind. Ecol., 9, 143 (2005), Arnot, J.A., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 27, 341 (2008),

Applications Benzo[k]fluoranthene-d12 (CAS# 93952-01-3) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications 3,​5,​6-​Tribromo-​1,​2-​dihydroacenaphthylene is derived from Acenaphthene (1,2-Dihydro Acenaphthylene) (D448330), which is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as carcinogenic agents. References Hansen, B., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 772 (1999), Czub, G., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2406 (2004)

Applications 3-Acenaphthenamine is an impurity of Acenaphthene (D448330), which is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as carcinogenic agent. References Hansen, B., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 772 (1999); Czub, G., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2406 (2004)

Applications Naphthalene-d8, is the labeled analogue of Naphthalene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as micropollutants. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Di Toro, D., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 1971 (2000), Vines, C., et al.: Aquat. Toxicol., 51, 225 (2000), Incardona, J., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 196, 191 (2004), Junghans, M., et al.: Aquat. Toxicol., 76, 93 (2006),

Applications 1-Nitropyrene-d9 is a labelled isotope of 1-Nitropyrene (N519950), which is the most abundant nitropolycylcic aromatic hydrocarbon found in exhaust from diesel engines with potent carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. It is also an intermediate in synthesizing 1-Aminopyrene-d9 (A629287), which is derived from Pyrene-d10 (P849002), which is labelled Pyrene. Occurs in coal tar. Also obtained by the destructive hydrogenation of hard coal. References Arce, R., et al.: J. Phys. Chem. A., 112, 10294 (2008); Winterstein, et al.: Z. Physiol. Chem., 230, 162 (1934);

Stability Light Sensitive Applications Benz[l]aceanthrylene is a mutagenic agent. References Bartczak, A., et al.: Mutagenesis, 2, 101 (1987); Nesnow, S., et al.: Cancer Res., 44, 4993 (1984)

Applications 1,5-Dihydroxynaphthalene has been incorportated into degradable lysine diisocyanate methylester-glycerol polyurethane foam and showed the presence of functional 1-naphthol group-dependent drug release in aqueous solution. References Sivak, W.N., et. al.: Bio-Med. Mater. Eng., 20, 269 (2010)

Applications Benzo[b]thiophene has application in organic as well as pharmaceutical industry as a component in the synthesis of Raloxifene, a breast cancer therapeutic, or hydrodesulfurization reactions. References Buccella, D. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130, 16187 (2008); Gennari, L. et al.: Exp. Opin. Drug Saftey, 7, 259 (2008);

Applications Naphthalene is an abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that is persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic and found in tobacco smoke and urban air. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Sutherland, K.M., et. al.: Am. J. Physiol., 302, L68 (2012); Bahuguna, A., et. al.: J. Pharm. Res., 5, 1600 (2012);

Applications It is listed as a known human carcinogen. Used in manufacturing of dyes, as antioxidant in rubber. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References IARC Monographs, 4, 97 (1974),

Applications Benzo[e]pyrene-d12 (CAS# 205440-82-0) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications 2-​Methylnaphthalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that has been used as an indicator of smoke exposure in food and packaging materials. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs) Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Johnston, J.J., et. al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 42, 1954 (1994)

Applications 1,1’-Diphenyl is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that has been shown to cause genetic effects in yeast and developmental defects and mitotic abnormalities in sea urchins. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Pagano, G., et. al.: Teratogen. Carcin. Mut., 3, 377 (1983)

Stability Light Sensitive Applications 7H-Benzo[c]fluorene is a polycyclic aomatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with mutagenic activity. 7H-Benzo[c]fluorene is a major DNA adduct-forming component of coal tar. Recent studies suggest that 7H-Benzo[c]fluorene may be capable of inducing lung tumors. References Lavoie, E.L. et al.: Mutat. Res. Lett., 91, 167 (1981); Koganti, A. et al.: Carcinogenesis, 21, 1601 (2000); Weyand, E.H. et al.: Polycyc. Arom. Comp., 24, 1 (2004);

Stability Hygroscopic Applications 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-hydrobromide-(1S)-6,7-isoquinolinediol has been used in the preparation of (-)-Higenamine (H325800) References Ho, C.L., Ko, J.L., Chen, C.M.: J. Chinese Biochem. Soc., 14, 94 (1985)

Applications 2,3,5-Trimethacarb is a major constituent in landrin insecticide. References Sun, Y., Johnson, E.R.: J. Econ. Entomol., 65, 349 (1972); Slade, M., Casida, J.E.: J. Arg. Food Chem., 18, 467 (1970)

Applications 2-Phenyl-1H-benzimidazole is a reagent used in the synthesis of various aryl-substituted benzimidazole derivatives. Also used in the synthesis of benzimidazole and quinocaline derivatives References Saleh, V. et al.: Org. Chem. Int., 1, (2015); Hasanpour, M. et al.: J. Chin. CHem. Soc., 62, 412 (2015);

Applications 2-Nitrodibenzothiophene is a nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). 2-Nitrodibenzothiophene is removed from coal by hydrogenation in Tetralin. References Watanabe, T. et al.: Mut. Res. Gen. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen., 388, 67 (1997); Gundermann, K.D.: U. S. Environ. Prot. Agency, Off. Res. Dev., 133 (1976);

Applications Benzo[ghi]perylene is one of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s), an environmental pollutant with potential carcinogenic activity. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Alves, C., et al.: Atmos. Environ., 35, 5485 (2001); Jaward, F., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2523 (2004); Lee, R., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 1436 (2005); Augusto, S., et al.: Environ. Pollut., 158, 483 (2010);

Applications Carbophenothion is an organophosphorus pesticide used for fruits and vegetables. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Scott, G., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 4400 (2002), Mezcua, M., et al.: Food Chem., 112, 221 (2009), Mezcua, M., et al.: Anal. Chem., 81, 913 (2009),

Applications A metabolite of Phenanthrene (P294800(P)), which is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; an environmental pollutant. References Boyland, E., et al.: Biochem. J., 84, 564 (1962); Hamada, S., et al.: Mutat. Res., 495, 127 (2001); Shimada, T., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 29, 1176 (2001); Moennikes, O., et al.: Cancer Res., 64, 4707 (2004); Albig, A., et al.: Mol. Biol. Cell., 16, 609 (2005); Di Toro, D. et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 1971 (2000); Vines, C. et al.: Aquat. Toxicol., 51, 225 (2000); Incardona, J. et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 196, 191 (2004); Junghans, M., et al.: Aquat. Toxicol., 76, 93 (2006);

Applications A potent local anesthetic that is active even in acidic conditions. It is used (usually in combination with an antacid) for the relief of pain associated with peptic ulcer disease or esophagitis. References Detrain, M. et al.: Acta. Gastro-Enterol. Belg., 28, 360 (1965); Barbezat, G.O. et al.: Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 13, 321 (1978); Masuda, Y. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 64, 677 (2002);

Applications Fluorene-D10 is a labelled analogue of Fluorene (F462000). Fluorene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that is ubiquitous in the urban environment, and is also a suspected carcinogen. Fluorene is used as a component of fluorescent probes that bind to human serum albumin, allowing researchers to study internal mechanisms more closely. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Harrison, R., et al.: Env. Sci. Tech., 30, 825 (1996); Park, K., et al.: Org. Biomol. Chem., 7, 4225 (2009); Weissenfels, W., et al.: Appl. Micro. Biotech., 32, 479 (1990)

Applications 2-Fluoronapthelene is a naphthalene which shows inhibition towards cytochrom P450 2A6 and 2A5. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Roy, K. et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 44, 1941 (2009); Korhonen, L. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 3808 (2005);

Applications Triphenylene (D12, 98%) (cas# 17777-56-9) is a useful research chemical.