Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) Standards

Applications A mutagenic aromatic nitro compound. References Kier, L., et al.: Pharmacol. Res., 7, 801 (1990), Benigni, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 629 (1995), Benigni, R., et al.: Mutat. Res., 371, 29 (1996),

Applications 1-Pyrenyl Potassium Sulfate is used as a biomarker of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. References Woudneh, M. et al.: J. Chrom. A., 1454, 93 (2016);

Applications Benz[a]anthracene is a PAH that has carcinogenic properties. It is also used in the synthesis of anti-tumor agents. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Murdock, K. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 25, 505 (1982); Song, M. et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 212, 18 (2012);

Applications Dibenzothiophene is commonly used in microbial studies as a sole, organic sulfur and carbon source for growth. Research concerning the biodegradation of dibenzothiophene by different types of bacteria is a currently being carried out, as these bacteria have the ability to breakdown other harmful polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAH) as well. This may prove to be a very practical method in removing PAH’s from soils, sludge and crude oils. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Bastiaens, L., et al.: Appl. Environ. Microb., 66, 1834 (2000); Gunam, I., et al.: J. Microbiol. Biotechn., 23, 473 (2013); Omori, T., et al.: Appl. Environ. Microb., 58, 911 (1992)

Applications 1-Methylchrysene is one of the methylated chrysenes (MeChry), as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist. Methylated chrysenes (MeChry) are important cigarette smoke constituents and 5-MeChry has been listed as possibly carcinogenic to humans. 1-Methylchrysene is a possible carcinogenic agent. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Amin, S., et al.: Cancer Res., 45, 6406 (1985), Blaha, L., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 65, 43 (2002), Brack, W., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 3062 (2003), Andrysik, Z., et al.: Mutat. Res., 615, 87 (2007),

Applications Phenanthrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, an environmental pollutant. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Di Toro, D. et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 1971 (2000); Vines, C. et al.: Aquat. Toxicol., 51, 225 (2000); Incardona, J. et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 196, 191 (2004); Junghans, M. et al.: Aquat. Toxicol., 76, 93 (2006);

Applications 1,2-Dichloronaphthalene is an organic pollutant found in wastewater. References Ryu, J., et. al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 2394 (2013)

Applications Coronene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in smoked fish and was examined for potential toxic and carcinogenic effects. References Mihlca, G. L., et al.: J. Agroliment. Process. Technol., 17, 392 (2011); Zitka, O., et al.: Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 7, 908 (2012); Rogge, W.F., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 401, 3069 (2011)

Applications Benzo[k]fluoranthene is used as an optical sensor for nitro-aromatic compounds due to fluorescence quenching of the molecule. It is also a carcinogen and mutagen. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Patra, D. et al.: Sens. Actua. B. Chem., 80, 278 (2001); Wei-Dong, W. et al.: J. Chrom. A., 1173, 27 (2007);

Applications 1-Methyldibenzothiophene, is an alkyldibenzothiophene present in crude oil. Research concerning the biodegradation of Dibenzothiophene by different types of bacteria is a currently being carried out, as these bacteria have the ability to breakdown other harmful PAH’s as well. This may be used in removing spilled oil from marine and terrestrial environments. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Boberg, F., et al.: Erdoel & Kohle, Erdgas, Petrochemie, 47, 187 (1994); Tanaka, Y., et al.: Applied Microbiology and Biotech., 59 (2), 325 (2002); Prince, R., Spill Sci. Tech. Bulletin, 8 (2), 145 (2003);

Stability Hygroscopic Applications 5-Acenaphthenamine is an impurity of Acenaphthene (D448330), which is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as carcinogenic agent. References Hansen, B., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 772 (1999); Czub, G., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2406 (2004)

Applications 4-Chloro-1,2-dihydro-5-acenaphthylenamine is an impurity of Acenaphthene (D448330), which is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon as carcinogenic agent. References Hansen, B., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 772 (1999); Czub, G., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2406 (2004)

Applications 3,11-Dimethylchrysene is a derivative of Chrysene (C428000), both being part of a group of polycyclic aromatic compounds suspected to have tumour-initiating effects on humans. References Schuetzle, D. & Daisey, J.: Genetic Toxicology of Complex Mixtures, No vol. given, 11 (1990); Shaw, G., et al.: Rev. Environ. Contam. T., No vol. given, 1 (1994)

Applications 2-Methylphenanthrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutant from polystyrene plastic. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Rochman, C.M., et. al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 13976 (2013)

Applications Fluoranthene is a commonly occurring environmental pollutant and can be classified as either a tumour initiator or a cocarcinogen in humans. Fluoranthene is widely used as an intermediate to synthesize fluorescent dyes. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Hecht, S., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 16, 1433 (1995); Storer, J., et al.: Arch. Dermatol., 120, 874 (1984); Ma, X., et al.: Dyes Pigments, 82, 353 (2009)

Applications The metabolite in soil and sugar beets of Chloridazon. References Smith, D.T., et al.: Weed Sci., 18, 260 (1970),

Applications 1-Methylnapththalene is a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that can be measured using 1-hydroxypyrene in urine as a biomarker. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs) Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Moen, B.E., et. al.: Occup. Environ. Med., 53, 692 (1996)

Applications 2,7-Naphthalenediol is a reagent used in the preparation of monomers of high carbon materials. Also used in the synthesis of splitomicin analogues. References Neenan, T. et al.: J. Org. Chem., 53, 2489 (1988); Posakony, J. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 47, 2635 (2004);

Applications Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as micropollutants. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Di Toro, D., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 19, 1971 (2000), Vines, C., et al.: Aquat. Toxicol., 51, 225 (2000), Incardona, J., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 196, 191 (2004), Junghans, M., et al.: Aquat. Toxicol., 76, 93 (2006),

Applications 2,4-Dichlorophenol-d3 (cas# 93951-74-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package

Stability Light Sensitive Applications Acepyrene is a novel constituent discovered that belongs to the pyrene class of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Acepyrene occurs in a large variety of carbon black soots, in cigarette smoke and is the major representative of PAH in car engine exhaust gases. References Murray, R.W., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 8, 239 (1995); Mari, M., et al.: Sci. Total. Enviro., 408, 2387 (2010); Todorov, P.D., et al.: Chem. Phys. Lett., 454, 30 (2008);

Applications 3-Nitro-1-pyrenol is an nitroarene which may contribute to genotoxicity associated with air pollution. References Kameda, T., et al.: J. Health. Sci., 57, 372 (2011); Van, B., et al.: Chem. Biol. interact., 117, 15 (1999);

Applications 4-Bromopyrene is an intermediate in the synthesis of Acepyrene (A130950), a novel constituent discovered that belongs to the pyrene class of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. References Pratap, R., et al.: J. Heterocycles. Chem., 18, 973 (1981);

Applications 1,4-Dihydroxynaphthalene is frequently used in organic synthesis as a reagent. In particular, it is used in the synthesis of a pH independent and cell permeant fluorescent dye, a hydroxyl regioisomeric 3',4'-benzorhodol, which can be used as a fluorescent chemosensor and biomarker for biological applications. References Jiao, X., et al.: Org. Biomol. Chem., 13, 6647 (2015);

Applications Labelled Benz[j]aceanthrylene (B197910). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their PAH-DNA adducts in lung tissues, and their ability to mutate the Ki-ras oncogene in PAH-induced tumors. Seven PAHs were studied: cyclopenta[cd]pyrene (CPP), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[b]F), dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA), 5-methylchrysene (5MC), benz[j]aceanthrylene (B[j]A), and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P). References Nesnow, S., et al.: Cancer Lett., 73, 73 (1993), Herzog, C., et al.: Cancer Res., 54, 4007 (1994), Prahalad, A., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 18, 1955 (1997),

Applications 1,7-Dimethyl-phenanthrene is an environmental pollutant. References Benner, B., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 2382 (1995);

Applications Occurs in coal tar. Is formed during distillation of coal, in very small amount during distillation or pyrolysis of many fats and oils. Chrysene is one of the basic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) which is toxic environmental pollutant and consistently exposed to sunlight. However, little information is available on its photogenotoxicity.  The objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of Chrysene, under environmental intensity of UVB (0.6 mW/cm2) in human skin epidermal cell line (HaCaT). Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Anderson, D., et al.: Mutat. Res., 307, 261 (1994), Diamond, S., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 25, 3015 (2006), Fotakis, G., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 160, 171 (2006),