Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) Standards

Applications 2-Methylnaphthalene-D10 is a labelled analogue of 2-Methylnaphthalene (M323130). 2-​Methylnaphthalene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that has been used as an indicator of smoke exposure in food and packaging materials. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Johnston, J.J., et. al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 42, 1954 (1994)

Applications 3-Chloroacenaphthene is a chloro derivative of Acenaphthene (D448330); a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon serving as a carcinogenic agent. References Hansen, B., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 18, 772 (1999); Czub, G., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 2406 (2004)

Applications 6-Nitrochrysene-d11 is an isotopically labelled form of 6-Nitrochrysene(N520220). 6-Nitrochrysene is a nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and a carcinogen selector. An environmental contaminant and a carcinogen. References Hu, S., et al.: J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc., 63, 984 (2013); Boyiri T., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 25, 637 (2004); Krieger, R. K., et al.:Proceedings, Annual Meeting - Air & Waste Management Association, 90, WP100A06 (1997);

Applications 3-Hydroxy Benzopyrene O-β-D-glucuronide is the glucuronide conjugate and metabolite of the carcinogen Benzopyrene (B205800). Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Bevan, D.R. et al.: Carcinogensis, 13, 403 (1992); Nishimoto, M. et al.: Xenobiotica, 22, 949 (1992);Zheng, Z. et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 30,397 (2002);

Applications Octachloronapthalene is a polychlorinated napththalene (PCN) produced via industrial thermal processes. It is a chemical pollutant present in the environment. References Liu, G. et al.: Chemos., 118, 112 (2015); Pena-Abaurrea, M. et al.: Env. Sci. Tech., 48, 9591 (2014);

Applications Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) with potent carcinogenic activity. Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene was shown to induce DNA adduction, tumorigenicity as well as Ki-ras oncogene mutations in strain A/J mouse lung. Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene has been shown to be present in cigarette smoke condensate and in automobile exhaust gas in small quantities. References Prahalad, A.K. et al.: Carcinogenesis, 18, 1955 (1997); Wynder, E.L. et al.: Nature, 192, 1092 (1961); Homburger, F. et al.: J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 44, 357 (1970);

Applications A 16-membered ring macrolide antibiotic with antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogens. Particularly used in the treatment of Mycoplasma infection. References Osono, T. et al.: J. Antibiot., 27, 366 (1974); Kuriaki, K. et al.: Jpn. J. Antibiot., 22, 232 (1969); Tan K. et al.: Zhonghua Yiyuamganranxue Zazhi, 16, 235 (2006);

Applications A metabolite of Benzopyrene (BaP), a carcinogenic component of tobacco smoke implicated in lung cancer. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References DiBiasio, K., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos.,19, 227 (1991), Beach, J., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 24, 670 (2000), Borman, S., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 167, 191 (2000), Tsai-Turton, M., et al.: Biol. Reprod., 77, 442 (2007),

Applications Phenanthrene derivative used to make fluorescent probes. References Panda, G., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 12, 5269 (2004), Panda, G., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 42, 410 (2007), Nakagawa-Goto, K., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 3297 (2008),

Applications Mono[2-(perfluorohexyl)ethyl] phosphate is used to water- and grease-proof food packaging materials, and this chemical is a known precursor to perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) References Gebbink, Wouter A., Envir. Sci. and Pollution Res., 20(11), 7949-7958 (2013)

Applications 8-Hydroxybentazone, is a metabolite of Bentazon, a selective post-emergence herbicide. References Kim, J., et al.: ACS Symp. Series, 899, 92 (2005); Roper, J., et al.: Wat. Res., 29, 2720 (1995);

Applications 9,10-Dichlorophenanthrene is a chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (Cl-PAH) found in the urban environment, known to display dioxin-like toxicity and mutagenicity. References Ma, J., et al.: Adv. Mat. Res., 610, 2989 (2013); Ma, J., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 643 (2009)

Applications trans-7,8-Dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene is a metabolite of Benzopyrene (B205800). Benzo[a]pyrene (B205800), a prototypic PAH, is metabolized by cytochrome P 450 1A1/1B1. (-)-trans-7,8-Dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (D452280) undergoes further P 4501A1/1B1-mediated metabolism to a carcinogen, which forms DNA-adducts primarily with 2'-deoxyguanosine. A carcinogen. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Gelhaus, S. et al: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 24, 89 (2011); Belvedere, G. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 29, 1693 (1980); Jennette, K. et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 28, 338 (1979); Yagi, H. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 2358 (1977)

Applications Perylene has been used as an acceptor for pristine C70 to be used as a sensitizer for efficient triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion; which has shown improved stability under continuous laser irradiation compared to the benchmark Pt(II)-ocetaethylprphyrin. Perylene has also been used as a dopant representing blue fluorescent dye on a white-emitting polymer film. Dyes and metabolites. References Moor, K., et. al.: Chem. Commun., 49, 10829 (2013); Sakai, K., et. al.: J. Mater. Chem-C, 1, 7866 (2013)

Applications 6-Nitro-1-pyrenol is a urinary hydroxylated metabolites used as a biomarkers of exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. References Toriba, A., et al.: J. Health. Sci., 53; 631 (2007); Chae, Y.H., et al.: Cancer Res., 59, 1473 (1999);

Applications A metabolite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in humans. References Jacob, J., et al.: Xenobiotica, 12, 45 (1982), Becher, G., et al.: Cancer Lett., 17, 301 (1983), Hoffmann, D., et al.: Cancer Treat. Res., 72, 1 (1995), Einolf, H., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 10, 609 (1997),

Applications Benzo[a]fluoren-11-one is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that has potential carcinogenic properties. It is a common organic substance found in aerosols, atmospheric air and gasoline exhausts. References Bekki, K., et al.: J. Health Sci., 55, 601 (2009); Moeller, M., et al.: Mutat. Res. Gen. Toxicol. Test., 157, 149 (1985); Simoneit, B., et al.: Atmos. Env. A. Gen. Topic., 25A, 2111 (1991); Yu, M. & Hites, R.: Anal. Chem., 53, 951 (1981)