Enzyme Substrates

6-Bromo-2-naphthyl-b-D-xylopyranoside (BNX) is a chromogenic enzyme substrate used primarily to detect xylosidase activity. It is cleaved by the enzyme, resulting in the release of a colored product that can be measured spectrophotometrically. BNX is widely used as a substrate in research studies for the detection and quantification of various glycoside hydrolases, and it is particularly useful for studying cellulases and xylanases.

Aldol® 470 phosphate, disodium salt is a fluorogenic substrate that is used in the detection of enzyme activity. It can be used to detect the presence of an enzyme by measuring the light emitted from the substrate after it has been converted to fluorescent product. Aldol® 470 phosphate, disodium salt is a chromogenic substrate that is used for detecting and measuring enzyme activity. The product of this reaction can be measured by absorbance or fluorescence spectroscopy, making it useful for many different types of diagnostic tests. This product can be conjugated with a variety of ligands for use in diagnostic assays and research. Aldol® 470 phosphate, disodium salt can also be used in culture media as a bioluminescent substrate for bacterial growth and metabolism studies. This product can also be used as an environmental testing reagent or as a staining agent in microscopy applications.

5-Bromo-3-indolyl a-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate that is used as an enzyme substrate for various spectrophotometric, fluorometric, or chemiluminescent assays. The 5-bromo group of the dye reacts with the active site of an enzyme to form a product that can be measured by spectrophotometry. This product can also be used as a fluorescent indicator in the presence of luciferase and ATP. 5-Bromo-3-indolyl a-D-mannopyranoside is also used to estimate bacterial counts during culture media preparation and it has been shown to inhibit the growth of Gram negative bacteria such as E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This compound does not contain any heavy metals or toxic substances and it is highly soluble in water. It has been found to have no adverse effects on humans and other animals at concentrations up to 100

Water soluble, chromogenic substrate for visualizing alkaline phosphatase activity. Produces a blue insoluble end product that is detected visually when used together with Nitroblue tetrazolium. The substrate system is versatile and functions in a variety of applications, including Northern, Southern, and Western blotting, in situhybridization, ELISAs and immunohistochemistry.

Aldol® 467 beta-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of beta-galactosidase activity. The colorless product is cleaved by lactose-utilizing bacteria grown in liquid or solid media, yielding yellow coloration and green fluorescence. Aldol® 467 beta-D-galactopyranoside can also be used in beta-galactosidase gene reporter assays or immunoassay applications (ELISA). Aldol® 467 beta-D-galactopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

2-Nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a non-animal origin chromogenic substrate for the detection of beta-galactosidase activity. It is used in food testing, diagnostics, and environmental testing. 2-Nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside is also used as a ligand in enzyme assays and a fluorogenic substrate for chemiluminescent reactions. This product is conjugated to HRP.

5-Iodo-3-indolyl b-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used for beta-galactosidase. It is incorporated into media or detection kits for rapid and direct identification of microorganisms.

b-Naphthyl-b-maltotrioside is a fluorogenic substrate that is used in enzymatic and chromogenic assays. It is a bifunctional substrate that reacts with enzymes to produce light. b-Naphthyl-b-maltotrioside can be used as a conjugate for immunoassays, such as ELISA. This substrate is also suitable for use in diagnostics, food testing, and environmental testing.

4-Nitrophenyl b-D-thiomannopyranoside acts as a substrate for β-mannosidase and thioglycoligase. Upon enzymatic cleavage, these substrates release 4-nitrophenol, a yellow chromophore that can be detected spectrophotometrically at 405 nm, facilitating quantitative measurements of enzymatic activity. Consequently, these substrates are widely used in biochemical research, clinical diagnostics, and drug discovery for evaluating the function of specific enzymes in various biological processes.

Aldol® 484 alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate for alpha-glucosidase activity (EC 3.2.1.20, alpha-1,4-glucosidase, also known as maltase). The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by bacteria producing this enzyme in liquid or solid media, yielding orange color. Green fluorescence is also generated if a suitable matrix is present such as: cellulose acetate filters, polypropylene tubes or microplates and polyethylene vials. Aldol® 484 alpha-D-glucopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

This Clips-O substrate 7-((4'-L-Alaninamido)-rac-3'-hydroxybutyloxy) coumarin allows the detection of single and dual enzymatic activity (L-alanine aminopetidase and oxidation of 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyloxy spacer either enzymatically or by exposure to sodium periodate) with a single substrate resulting in a fluorescent signal. The main virtues of Clips-O substrates are an increased stability towards non-enzymatic hydrolysis that results in a reduced background and high sensitivity.

1-Naphthyl a-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate use to detect alpha-galactosidase activity.

AquaSpark® Broad Range Phosphatase Substrate is a chemiluminescent substrate for a variety of phosphatase enzymes including bacterial phosphatases and (calf intenstine) alkaline phosphatase (AP) commonly used in immuno-assays.

AquaSpark® Peroxide Probe is a dioxetane-based substrate for the luminescence detection of hydrogen peroxide and other peroxides in biological samples. AquaSpark® Peroxide Probe is the most sensitive probe for H2O2 detection available. It is also an extremely versatile probe for oxidase detection applicable in a wide range of biocompatible buffers. For example it can be used for glucose oxidase detection and for the quantitation of glucose levels (when coupled to the glucoseoxidase activity in an assay). In addition, AquaSpark® Peroxide Probe is used for the quantification of other biologically relevant compounds (e.g. amino acids) using the corresponding peroxide releasing oxidases.

4-Nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of nitrophenols. It is an anti-infective agent and has been used as a substrate in vitro for the study of enzyme activities. 4-Nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside has been shown to inhibit the growth of colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, both in vivo and in vitro, at low concentrations. This compound also inhibits bacterial growth by blocking the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. When ingested, 4-Nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside can be hydrolyzed into nitrite, which is toxic to bacteria.

4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-3-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. It can be used in food testing, environmental testing and diagnostics. 4NP2A2DGBG is a high purity, high quality product with a CAS number of 23262-57-9.

Acetyl-L-alanine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin is a fluorogenic substrate for aminopeptidase. The enzyme cleaves the N-terminal amino acids, yielding a blue fluorescent solution.

Fluorogenic substrate for carboxylesterases

4-Nitrophenyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-a-D-mannopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for alpha-mannosidase and beta-glucosidase. It is used as a diagnostic tool for identifying the presence of these enzymes in certain bacteria. This product is also used in food testing, environmental testing, and bioluminescence.

Bis(4-methylumbelliferyl)pyrophosphoric acid, disodium salt is a fluorogenic substrate that is commonly used in environmental testing, bioluminescence, and culture media. It reacts with an enzyme to produce light. The light produced by the reaction of bis(4-methylumbelliferyl)pyrophosphoric acid, disodium salt with the enzyme can be measured using a luminometer to measure the amount of light. This reaction is also known as chemiluminescence and has been shown to have a high quality and purity. Bis(4-methylumbelliferyl)pyrophosphoric acid, disodium salt is often used in diagnostics for detecting conjugated or ligand compounds. It can be used as a staining agent for proteins or nucleic acids as well.

2-Naphthyl-beta-D-glucuronide sodium salt is an enzyme substrate to detect beta-glucuronidase. The enzyme cleaves the glycosidic bond in 2-naphthyl-beta-D-glucuronide to release 2-naphtol and glucuronic acid. Beta-glucuronidase activity assays are important in many fields such as cancer research, as the enzyme is expressed in some tumors and its activity can be targeted for cancer therapy. The enzyme has also an important role in drug metabolism as it recognizes and binds to drug glucuronide conjugate (as 2-naphthyl-beta-D-glucuronide) facilitating its hydrolysis to release the active part. 2-Naphthyl-beta-D-glucuronide sodium salt has a higher solubility as it is in its salt form.

This compound inhibits the enzyme protein kinase. It has been shown to inhibit the activity of a number of protein kinases including those that are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. This drug is also known to be a potent inhibitor of human c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and other types of kinases such as cyclin-dependent protein kinases. The inhibition of these enzymes results in the prevention of tumorigenesis, inflammation and immunological responses.

Aldol® 458 beta-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of ?-galactosidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by lactose utilizing bacteria grown in liquid or solid media, yielding yellow coloration and green fluorescence. Aldol® 458 beta-D-galactopyranoside can also be used in ?-galactosidase gene reporter assays or immunoassay applications (ELISA). Aldol® 458 beta-D-galactopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

4-Nitrophenyl alpha-D-maltotetraoside is a chromogenic substrate used for the detection of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase activity. The four glucose units in the molecule are hydrolyzed by the enzyme, releasing 4-nitrophenol and allowing for easy colorimetric measurement of enzymatic activity

6-Bromo-2-naphthyl b-D-glucopyranoside is an enzyme substrate used in chromogenic assays with beta-glucosidases. It has been used in culture media for the identification of Legionella pneumophila.

Applications 4-Nitrophenyl N,N-Diacetyl-β-D-chitobioside (cas# 7284-16-4) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Chromogenic substrate for carboxylesterase yielding a salmon colored precipitate upon cleavage. Mainly used in histochemistry.

AquaSpark® Alkaline Phosphatase Substrate is a chemiluminescent substrate for alkaline phosphatase (AP) detection in immunoassays, in particular in ELISA. AquaSpark® Alkaline Phosphatase Substrate is also a suitable substrate for protein (Western) blotting or nucleic acid blotting procedures using AP-conjugated antibodies. AquaSpark® probes offer unique advantages as they can work as single agents, they have ahigher efficiency and sensitivity over currently existing probes.

2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl b-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic enzyme substrate used to study the activity of beta-lactoside. It produces a yellow color when cleaved by the enzyme, making it a useful tool in enzyme assays and screening experiments.

6-Bromo-2-naphthyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside is a bioluminescent substrate for the enzyme luciferase that has been shown to be useful in detection of phenazines, antibiotics and other compounds in environmental testing. 6-Bromo-2-naphthyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside can also be used for measurements of total microbial counts and for the measurement of the activity of enzymes such as beta galactosidase. It is also a ligand for the peroxidase enzyme, which makes it useful in staining techniques. 6BARG can be used as a fluorogenic substrate or as an indicator in chromogenic substrates. It is an important reagent for chemiluminescence and can also be used to measure the concentration of various substances.

4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside tetraacetate is a substrate for enzymes that catalyze the hydroxylation of carbohydrates. It can be used as a substrate for peroxidase and beta-glucosidase, which are important in the production of natural products such as resveratrol, catechins, and lignin. 4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside tetraacetate is also a chromogenic substrate for chemiluminescence reactions. The product is available as a powder and can be used in diagnostic kits to detect the presence of enzymes or other substances in food or environmental samples.

AquaSpark® alpha-D-glucoside is a bioluminescent substrate that can be used in assays for detecting enzyme activity in cells or tissues.

3-Amino-9-ethylcarbazole is a peroxidase substrate suitable for use in immunoblotting and immunohistochemical staining procedures. This substrate produces an insoluble end product that is red in color and can be observed visually.

2-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-acetyl-4-O-[2-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-a-L-fucopyranosyl)]--2-deoxy--bDglucopyranoside is an acylated glucopyranoside that is used as a substrate for the enzyme β -galactosidase. When hydrolyzed by β -galactosidase, it yields a blue product that has been widely used in chemiluminescence and bioluminescence assays. It also can be used for staining and ligand binding studies.

5-Bromo-3-indoxyl caprylate is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used for the detection of β-galactosidase. It is an enzyme substrate that can be used to measure β-galactosidase activity in cell culture media. It has a high purity and high quality. 5-Bromo-3-indoxyl caprylate is also used as a chromogenic substrate for the detection of β-galactosidase. This product has a CAS number of 133950-69-3.

The 4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-[2-O-(a-L-fucopyranosyl)-b-D-galactopyranosyl]-b-D-glucopyranoside is a specialized pNP enzyme substrate designed to study fucosyl-galactose-dependent enzymes. This chromogenic substrate is valuable for researchers investigating glycosyltransferase activity, structure-function relationships of glycan-binding proteins, and regulation of cellular signaling pathways involving fucose modifications. Its high specificity and sensitivity ensure accurate measurements in diverse experimental setups, and its chromogenic detection system facilitates rapid and reliable analysis.

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Resorufin N-acetyl-b-D-glucosamine is fluorogenic substrate for N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG).

4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a chemiluminescent substrate that can be used in the detection of various enzymes. This product has been tested for sterility and purity, and it has passed all tests. It is also free of any detectable levels of heavy metals or other contaminants. 4NP2AG6S is a high quality bioluminescent substrate with CAS No. 71498-92-5. It is a fluorescent compound that reacts with an enzyme to produce light. The reaction can be detected by measuring the emitted light intensity at 680 nm (max).

4-Methylumbelliferyl beta;-D-glucuronide (MUG) is commonly used as a substrate for detecting beta;-glucuronidase. MUG is used for identifying E. coli contamination in food, drinkingwater, clinical samples and for rapid bacterial identification in blood cultures. It is recommended in international normatives (ISO, DIN) as a fluorogenic substrate for detection of E. coli. MUG is also a tool assaying the glucuronidase gene in plants.

Applications A substrate for cytochrome CYP2B6. References Kabumoto, H., et al.: Biosci., Biotechnol., Biochem., 73, 1922 (2009), Maresca, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 335 (2010), Si-Ahmed, K., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 51, 225 (2010),

5-Bromo-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside-6-sulfate sodium salt is a lapis substrate, a chromogenic substrate that yields a deep blue color after cleavage. It is used in sulfatase activity assays and for the diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (Morquio A).

1-Naphthyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside is a high quality, fluorogenic substrate for the enzyme beta-glucosidase. It is used in diagnostics and as a reagent for enzymatic analysis of alpha-mannosidase activity in culture media, food testing, and environmental testing. 1-Naphthyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside has the CAS number 83833-13-0 and is available in both powder form and liquid form.

4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-3-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-a-L-fucopyranosyl)-4-O-(2,3,4,6 -tetra-O-acetylbDgalactopyranosyl)-6-O-acetyldEoxybDglucopyranoside is a chemiluminescent substrate that has been used in the detection of beta galactosidase activity. It is a ligand for beta galactosidases and can be used for the study of enzyme kinetics. This compound also exhibits high purity and is available in CAS number: 916071. 4MUFAGAALF is suitable for use in culture media and environmental testing as well as diagnostics (e.g., bioluminescence), staining (fluorogenic substrate), and chromogenic substrates

Modified naphtol AS substrate used in histochemical and cytochemical staining