Enzyme Substrates

AquaSpark® β-D-glucoside is a dioxetane-based water-soluble substrate for β-glucosidase activity. In microbiology, β-glucosidase probes can be used for the detection of Listeria spp., Enterococcus spp.,Klebsiella pneumoniae and other species.

Impurity Cefazolin EP Impurity A Applications 7-Amino-3-[(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylthio)methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic Acid (Cefazolin EP Impurity A) is a substrate used in the assessment of immobilized PGA orientation and in the synthesis of beta lactam antibiotics. References Serra, I. et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 405, 745 (2013); Terreni, M. et al.: App. Microbiol. Biotech., 77, 579 (2007); Kurochkina, V. et al.: Biocat. Biotransform., 20, 35 (2002)

5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indoxyl sulfate, potassium salt is a fluorogenic substrate for the enzyme alkaline phosphatase. This compound is used in the detection of alkaline phosphatase activity as well as in many other applications such as diagnostic tests and environmental testing. 5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indoxyl sulfate, potassium salt is available at high purity and quality.

2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl b-D-maltoside is a fluorescent substrate used in diagnostic kits. It is used to detect the presence of beta-glucuronidase enzymes, which are found in many bacteria and fungi. 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl b-D-maltoside has been shown to be a superior substrate for beta-glucuronidase as it can be used at lower concentrations and is more stable than other substrates. The enzyme hydrolyzes the 2,4 nitrophenyl ester bond and releases the fluorogenic product 4-(2'-hydroxyethyl)benzene diazonium chloride (HED). This product emits light under ultraviolet light, making it ideal for use in Bioluminescence Assays.

AquaSpark® Enhanced HRP Detection Solution is a sensitive chemiluminescent substrate solution for detecting horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugates on immunoblots (Western blot, dot blot) and in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The ready-to-use detection solution contains the AquaSpark® substrate and the oxidizing reagent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).

Fluorogenic substrate for beta-glucuronidase GUS

4-Nitrophenyl O-(N-acetyl-a-neuraminosyl)-(2,3)-O-b-D-galactopyranosyl-(1,3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-a-D-galactopyran oxide is a fluorogenic substrate that is used in the detection of glycosidases. It has been shown to be an excellent ligand for the enzyme beta galactosidase, which cleaves the glycan substrate 4NPOBGPA into 4NP and O-(N acetyl) neuraminic acid. 4NPOBGPA can be used as a chromogenic substrate for detecting beta galactosidase activity and can also be conjugated to other fluorescent molecules. This product is high purity and high quality.

6-Chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-glucuronic acid (cyclohexylammonium salt) is a chromogenic substrate for beta-glucuronidase yielding a salmon colored precipitate upon cleavage.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-b-D-xylotrioside is a fluorogenic substrate that reacts with an enzyme in the presence of oxygen to produce light. It is used in diagnostic applications, such as detecting the presence of a specific enzyme or protein. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-b-D-xylotrioside can also be used as a chromogenic substrate for the detection of DNA and RNA. This compound can be conjugated with other molecules for use in immunoassays and other diagnostic applications. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-b-D-xylotrioside has been shown to bind to bacterial cells and activate them, which leads to the production of light through bioluminescence.

Aldol® 515 N-glutaryl-L-phenylalanine amide is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of L-glutamate-phenylalanine (GluPhe)-specific peptidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved the GluPhe-specific peptidase, yielding development of orange-red coloration. In addition, red fluorescence is generated when Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer or a suitable matrix is present. Aldol® 515 N-glutaryl-L-phenylalanine amide can be used in enzyme assays and live bacterial cultures. Aldol® 515 N-glutaryl-L-phenylalanine amide is suitable for use in liquid and solid media, under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions.

Please enquire for more information about 4-Methylumbelliferyl α-L-arabinopyranoside including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

Chromogenic substrate for β-D-glucuronidase (GUS) yielding a magenta precipitate. It is used fordetection of GUS+ bacterial colonies as analternative to 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-β-D-glucuronide (X-GlcA).

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used in enzyme and chromogenic assays. It is a high purity, stable product with a CAS number of 53673-61-7. This product has been shown to have fluorescence properties under acidic conditions, as well as chemiluminescence properties when exposed to an oxidizing agent. This compound can be used for the detection of bacterial activity in culture media and for the detection of pathogens in environmental samples. The conjugate can also be used for food testing.

Aldol 495 nonanoate is a bioluminescent substrate that can be used to measure the activity of Aldolase, which is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate to D-glyceraldehyde. This substrate is used in various diagnostic assays, including food testing and staining. Aldol 495 nonanoate was developed by Cymit Quimica Pharmaceuticals and has been patented by EP 2427431 and US 8940909.

Luc-coliforms Na is a high quality, chromogenic substrate for the detection of coliforms. It is used widely in the food industry to detect whether coliforms are present in milk, cheese, and other dairy products. Luc-coliforms Na provides a color change from yellow to blue when it reacts with coliforms and has a high pH range of 4.0-8.0. Luc-coliforms Na has a CAS number of 93824-43-4.

Reducing co-substrate for heme peroxidases; test reagent in microbiology

AquaSpark® H2S probe is a chemiluminescent probe for the detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), with excellent selectivity for sulfide over thiols. The AquaSpark® H2S probe is ~760-fold more selective for Na2S than to L-cysteine, and ~380-fold more selective for Na2S than for glutathione. AquaSpark® H2S probe was used in a study identifying antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains by detecting the beta-lactamase-driven hydrolysis of beta-lactam antibiotics, where hydrogen sulfide is a biodegradation metabolite (Popat Gholap et al, 2021).

Luciferin-alpha-D-glucoside, potassium salt is a fluorogenic substrate that is used in diagnostics as a ligand. It can be conjugated to various substances, including proteins and antibodies. It is also used as an enzyme substrate in the detection of glucose oxidase in bacterial culture media and chemiluminescence in food testing, environmental testing, and staining.

4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-benzoyl-a-L-fucopyranosyl)-b-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorescent substrate for β-galactosidase. It is used to detect the enzyme in biological samples and as a diagnostic agent. This substrate can be used to develop chemiluminescent, chromogenic, and fluorogenic substrates for use in diagnostics. 4MUF 2OBG can also be conjugated to various ligands for use in bioluminescence assays or as a marker in immunoassays.

4-Nitrophenyl 2-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside is a state-of-the-art chromogenic substrate designed for rapid and sensitive enzyme activity detection. As a versatile pNP substrate, it produces a noticeable color change upon enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis, facilitating easy monitoring and quantification of enzyme levels in research and diagnostic applications. The substrate's acetylated glucose moiety ensures specificity and stability, allowing for precise and reliable results across a range of experimental conditions.

Esterases and lipases enzymes are widespread in all living cells, serving as important players in energy metabolism and in the recycling of cellular components. In microbiology C8-esterase activity can be used to detect Salmonella strains and more specifically, it also allows to distinguish them from other enteric bacteria. Likewise, Pseudomonas species can be detected as these organisms produce extracellular lipases. AquaSpark™ caprylate is a dioxetane-based chemiluminescent substrate forC8-esterase (C8E) and lipase activity. Upon hydrolytic cleavage byC8-esterase or lipase, AquaSpark™ caprylate spontaneously emits a strong green light. AquaSpark™ caprylate (A-8167_P00) is the firstsingle-compound chemiluminescent substrate commercially available for highly sensitive esterase and lipase assays in vitro and in vivo. The AquaSpark™ probes are superior probes for research and diagnostic applications. They offer unique advantages as they can work as single agents, they have a higher efficiency and sensitivity, and they do not need expensive additive when used in water.

The DDAO molecule [7-hydroxy-9H-(1, 3-dichloro-9, 9 dimethylacridin-2-one] is used as a stain and a dye in molecular biology, due to its ability to bind intracellular and extracellular DNA. DDAO galactoside is a fluorogenic substrate for galactosidase.

Aldol® 518 myo-inositol-1-phosphate is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of phosphatidyl-inositol specific phospholipase C activity (PI-PLC, EC 4.6.1.13). The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by PI-PLC or PI-PLC-positive microorganisms grown in liquid or solid media, yielding an intense red coloration. In combination with Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer, red fluorescence can also obtained. Aldol® 518 myo-inositol-1-phosphate is suitable for use in liquid and solid media, under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions.

4-Methylumbelliferyl 3-O-(α-L-fucopyranosyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside is an organic compound that is used as a radioactive marker for DNA. It can be synthesized in the laboratory and its use allows for the tracking of DNA molecules. The production of this marker is achieved by recombinant expression of the gene encoding the enzyme β-D-galactosidase, which hydrolyzes 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-galactopyranoside to release 4-methylumbelliferone and α-L-fucopyranose. The enzyme uses UDP glucose as a cofactor to catalyse the reaction. This product has been isolated from Corynebacterium glutamicum, with recombinant expression vectors used to produce it in host cells such as Escherichia coli or Corynebacterium glutamicum. It has been found that

Aldol® 495 beta-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of beta-galactosidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by lactose-utilizing bacteria in liquid or solid media, yielding orange color as well as green fluorescence if a fluorescence enhancer or a suitable matrix are present. Aldol® 495 beta-D-galactopyranoside can also be used in beta-gal reporter gene assays or for identification of beta-gal positive transformants on agar plates. Aldol® 495 beta-D-galactopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

4-Nitrophenyl 2-azido-2-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranoside is a superior chromogenic substrate for the precise determination of alpha-D-galactosidase enzyme activity. This substrate features a unique 2-azido moiety providing enhanced sensitivity and specificity in biochemical assays. Upon enzymatic cleavage, it releases the highly fluorescent compound 4-nitrophenol, which simplifies quantification and tracking of enzyme activity in applications such as drug discovery, genetic studies, and enzyme inhibition assays.

4-Nitrophenyl 2-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-4,6-O-benzylidene-b-D-glucopyranoside is a compound that is used in gene expression profiling. It has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of glutamicum and corynebacterium glutamicum. 4NPBG can inhibit the production of acid molecules by blocking the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the cells of these bacteria. The compound also inhibits cellular transport and membrane transport genes in these species. This inhibition prevents the synthesis of nucleic acid molecules such as RNA and DNA.

Chromogenic substrate for β-D-Cellobiosidase yielding a salmon-colored precipitate.

N-Methylindoxyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside monohydrate (MG) is a chromogenic probe that interacts with galactose residues found on glycoproteins, which are found on cell surfaces, leading to activation of cells. MG also binds specifically to the surface of lung cells and can inhibit the development of certain types of infections..

Applications Labelled anti-malarial drug. Substrate for MRP in multidrug resistant cell line and inhibits photoaffinity labelling of MRP by quinoline-based photoactive drug IAAQ. It is a COVID19-related research product. References Luthman, H., et al.: Nucleic Acids Res., 11, 1295 (1983), Vezmar, M., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 56, 733 (1998), Krajewski, W.A., et al.: J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn., 16, 1097 (1999),

Chromogenic substrate for α-galactosidase yielding a salmon-colored precipitate.

4-Trifluoromethylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for beta-galactosidase. It is used in the detection of beta-galactosidase activity in cell lysates and culture media, as well as in food testing. This compound has been shown to be highly pure, with a purity greater than 98%. 4-Trifluoromethylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside has also been shown to have high chemiluminescence, making it an ideal candidate for use in diagnostics.

Ostazin brilliant red H-3B hydroxyethylcellulose is a chromogenic enzyme substrate that produces a bright red color upon reaction with specific enzymes. This substrate is particularly useful for the detection and visualization of enzyme activity in histochemical and cytochemical staining techniques. The vibrant red color produced by the reaction allows for easy observation and analysis of enzyme distribution and localization in cells and tissues. Ostazin brilliant red H-3B hydroxyethylcellulose is often used in combination with other substrates to study the presence and activity of multiple enzymes simultaneously, providing valuable insights into the complex interactions and functions of enzymes in biological systems.

2-Bromo-4-nitrophenyl b-D-galactopyranoside is a chemiluminescent substrate that is used for the detection of β-galactosidase activity in the biochemical reaction. It has been shown to be an excellent ligand for metal ions and can be used as a reagent in the determination of metal ions in biological systems. This product is manufactured with high purity and quality, which ensures its suitability for use in culture media, environmental testing, and diagnostics. 2-Bromo-4-nitrophenyl b-D-galactopyranoside has been tested as a fluorogenic substrate for β-galactosidase. It has also been used as a chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase and an enzyme substrate for β-galactosidase. This product can be conjugated with other molecules such as biotin to enable rapid analysis of proteins or

Chromogenic substrate targeting beta-L-arabinofuranosidase

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl a-L-arabinofuranoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the specific enzymatic activity of alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase. After cleavage, 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl is released, resulting in a blue to blue-green color change in bacterial colonies or media. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl a-L-arabinofuranoside is used in bacterial arabinan degradation assays (e.g. Bacillus spp.).

A non-metabolizable allolactose analogue, widely used in molecular biology for overexpression of recombinant proteins from inducible systems under the control of lac promoter. IPTG binds to the LacI repressor and causes its release from the lac operator, allowing gene expression to take place. Present in vectors of pGEX, pGEM-T, pET, pRSET, pMAL class and others.

6-Chloro-4-methylumbelliferyl b-xylobioside is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used for food testing, environmental testing and diagnostics. It is a chromogenic substrate that can be used in enzyme substrates. 6-Chloro-4-methylumbelliferyl b-xylobioside is also a conjugate and has high purity. This product has chemiluminescent properties and can be used for bioluminescence. It is an excellent ligand for fluorescence labeling and has been shown to have high quality. This product can be used in culture media as well as to detect the presence of bacteria.

4-Nitrophenyl 4,6-cyclohexylidene-b-D-mannopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used for the detection of β-glucosidase activity. It is a high purity product with a ligand that binds specifically to β-glucosidase. 4NPPM is an enzyme substrate that can be used in diagnostics for the detection of β-glucosidase activity and conjugate for chemiluminescence and bioluminescence. This product has been shown to react with glucose in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and luminol, emitting light when excited by ultraviolet light at 365 nm. 4NPPM also reacts with glucose oxidase to produce hydrogen peroxide, which then reacts with luminol, producing light. The CAS number for this compound is 102717-16-8.

Bronze-Gal (Bronze-beta-D-galactopyranoside) is a chromogenic indicator for beta-galactosidase activity. The colorless product is cleaved by lactose-utilizing bacteria in liquid media or on agar plates and yields a bronze colored precipitate. Bronze-Gal can also be used as detecting agent for beta-galactosidase activity in reporter gene assays or for identification of positive transformants on agar plates when using the α-complementation approach. Read more in the Application Notes.

4-Methylumbelliferyl alpha-L-idopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for alpha-L-iduronidase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-L-idopyranosideas a substrate for measuring the alpha-L-iduronidase activity is used for Mucopolysaccharidosis I diagnosis and Hurler syndrome screening.

Chemiluminescent phosphatase substrate in a wide pH range (pH 6 - 10)

Luc-coliforms; Chemiluminescent substrate for b-galactosidase

Luc-coliforms Na is a fluorogenic substrate that is used in the diagnosis of bacterial contamination. It is a conjugate of the enzyme luciferase and the substrate coelenterazine, which are combined in a buffer solution. Luc-coliforms Na is used to detect bacteria by adding it to a culture broth or other growth media. The bacteria will emit light as they break down the luc-coliforms Na and produce ATP, which can then be measured with an appropriate detector. Luc-coliforms Na can also be used as a stain for gram-negative rods, such as coliforms, e.g., Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis.