Enzyme Substrates

4-Methylumbelliferyl phosphate dilithium is a fluorogenic substrate for alkaline phosphatase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate dilithiumas a substrate for measuring the alkaline phosphatase activity is used for bone metabolism disorder studies and hypophosphatasia diagnosis.

Applications Maltoheptaose is a maltooligosaccharide consisting of seven glucose units. It has been used as a substrate to study α-amylase transglycosylaion activity. References Kuriki, T., et al.: J. Biosci. Bioeng., 87, 557 (1999), Meulenbeld, G., et al.: Biotechnol. Bioeng., 70, 363 (2000), Moon, Y., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 1230 (2006), Uitdehaag, J.C.M., van Alebeek, G.-J.W.M., van der Veen, B.A., et al. Structures of maltohexaose and maltoheptaose bound at the donor sites of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase give insight into the mechanisms of transglycosylation activity and cyclodextrin size specificity. Biochemistry 39(26), 7772-7780 (2000).

This botanical is a download for the Floral Database.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl-b-D-cellotetraoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the specific enzymatic activity of cellulase. After cleavage, 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl is released, resulting in a blue to blue-green color change in bacterial colonies or media. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl-b-D-cellotetraoside is used in bacterial cellulase detection and biomass conversion research.

For fluorogenic detection of caspase 3

2-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-galactopyranoside is a carboxymethyl derivative of the natural substrate of β-galactosidase, which is used as a substrate for the production of recombinant proteins in the corynebacterium glutamicum. The enzyme β-galactosidase hydrolyzes this substrate to produce an acid molecule and a sugar molecule. This product can be used in biotechnological processes for the production of recombinant proteins or other bioactive molecules. It can also be used in the isolation of nucleic acid from bacteria or fungi, or to study bacterial membrane transport systems. 2NPGAG can be expressed as a recombinant protein with expression vectors such as pET21a and pET24a. It has been shown that this product inhibits transport through membranes by binding to cellulose, which may be useful for studies on cellulose biosynthesis

Fluorogenic substrate targeting caspases 3 and 7

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Chromogenic substrate for beta-glucosidase

4-Methylumbelliferyl beta-D-apiofuranoside is a fluorescent substrate that is used in the detection of enzyme activity. It is a yellow crystalline powder with a melting point of 132°C and an optical rotation of +27°. 4-Methylumbelliferyl beta-D-apiofuranoside can be used as a conjugate for fluorescence, chemiluminescence, or bioluminescence detection of enzymes such as β-galactosidase, phosphatases, esterases, and peroxidases. It is also used to stain cells and tissues for microscopic analysis. This product has been tested for its effects on the environment and found to have little potential for harm to the environment. 4-Methylumbelliferyl beta-D-apiofuranoside has been shown to be high purity with no significant impurities detected in testing. The chemical has shown high quality characteristics in

6-Bromo-2-naphthyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect alpha-glucosidase enzyme activity. When cleaved by the enzyme alpha-glucosidase, it releases 6-bromo-2-naphthol, which can be coupled with diazonium salts (for example 4'-amino-2,3'-dimethylazobenzene, also known as Fast Garnet GBC) to form a colored precipitate. 6-Bromo-2-naphthyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside is used in biochemical assays, histochemistry, and diagnostic tests for conditions like lysosomal storage disorders (e.g. Pompe disease) and carbohydrate metabolism studies.

2,4-Dinitrophenyl)-L-lysine hydrochloride monohydrate is a lysine derivative that has been modified with a 2,4-dinitrophenyl group. It could be used as an enzyme substrate to monitor enzymes that recognize and modify lysine residues, such as lysine methyltransferases and demethylases, lysine acylases and lysine oxidases.

This Clips-O substrate rac-7-(3',4'-Dihydroxybutyloxy)coumarin-4'-phosphate allows the detection of single and dual enzymatic activity (phosphatase and oxidation of 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyloxy spacer either enzymatically or by exposure to sodium periodate) with a single substrate resulting in a fluorescent signal. The main virtues of Clips-O substrates are an increased stability towards non-enzymatic hydrolysis that results in a reduced background and high sensitivity.

1-Naphthyl a-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the presence of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds, such as alpha-glucosidase. When the substrate is cleaved by the enzyme, it produces a colored product that can be visualized and quantified.

4-Chloro-3-indoxyl-1,3-diacetate is a chromogenic substrate used in the identification of bile acids. It reacts with 4-chlorophenol to form a red dye. This compound is also used as a ligand for metal ions.

4-Nitrophenyl 4-O-(b-D-mannopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used for the detection of β-glucosidase activity in biological samples. It is an excellent substrate for the enzyme β-glucosidase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester bonds in glycosides with release of glucose and formation of a phenolic product. The 4-nitrophenol group reacts with oxygen to produce light, making it useful as a chemiluminescent or bioluminescent substrate. The conjugate may also be used to detect β-glucosidase activity in culture media by adding the substrate to the culture medium and measuring its fluorescence. 4NP4OBG has been shown to have high purity, with only trace amounts of impurities detected such as benzaldehyde and 2,6-dinitro

4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside tetraacetate is a drug that has been shown to have antidiabetic effects in diabetic patients. It has been shown to inhibit tyrosinase activity and increase the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in brain cells. This compound also has a protective effect against glutamate toxicity, and is being studied as a potential treatment for epilepsy. 4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside tetraacetate inhibits the production of tyrosinase, which is an enzyme responsible for the conversion of tyrosine to melanin. This process can be inhibited by inhibiting tyrosinase activity with 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside tetraacetate.

Coelenterazine cp is a coelenterazine analog for Renilla luciferase. In certain studies, it has been shown to be highly sensitive for the detection of human papilloma virus (HPV) and can be used in the diagnosis of cervical cancer.

4-Nitrophenyl b-D-cellopentaoside hexadecaacetate is a fluorogenic substrate that is used to study the activity of various enzymes. It reacts with hydrolytic enzymes in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to produce light, and it can be used for food testing, environmental testing, and diagnostics. 4-Nitrophenyl b-D-cellopentaoside hexadecaacetate is a conjugate of 4-nitrophenol and cellobiose pentaacetate that has a high purity and high quality. The CAS number for this compound is 129411-66-1.

4-Nitrophenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside is a versatile chromogenic substrate designed for the detection and quantification of various glycosidase enzymes. This substrate is widely used in enzyme assays, producing a yellow color upon cleavage by target enzymes. The 4-Nitrophenol released in this reaction can be easily monitored spectrophotometrically, allowing for rapid and accurate enzyme analysis. This high-quality substrate provides a convenient and reliable tool for researchers in biochemistry, enzymology, and related fields.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-b-D-glucose-6-phosphoethanolamine is a fluorescent substrate that can be used to identify the presence of beta-glucosidase in biological samples, such as wine or cheese. It has been shown to offer high purity and quality, with a CAS number of 70750-68-6. This product is often used for diagnosing bacterial infections, as it will fluoresce when hydrolyzed by beta-glucosidase enzymes. 4MMUFBE can also be used for food testing, environmental testing, and chromogenic substrate reactions in the laboratory.

An indoxyl substrates targeting the enzyme beta-D-glucuronidase; blue color

CENTA²-Lactamase Substrate is a purified peptide that has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of lactamase enzymes. It is used as a signal peptide in the detection of pro-apoptotic proteins and peptide hormones, for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, and for the study of lactogenic hormones. The CENTA²-Lactamase Substrate can also be used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify the presence of DNA from human serum. In addition, it is often used as a basic protein to detect antibodies in human serum or other biological samples by ELISA or Western blotting.

4-Methylumbelliferyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for the enzyme beta galactosidase. It is used in food testing, environmental testing, and diagnostics. 4MUF3A2DGAL is an enzyme substrate that provides high quality chemiluminescence and bioluminescence signals. This product has a CAS number of 124167-43-7 and is available in both high purity and conjugate forms.

Aldol® 455 beta-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of beta-glucosidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by beta-glucosidase producing bacteria grown in liquid or solid media, yielding a yellow color and green to orange fluorescence. Aldol® 455 beta-D-glucopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Fluorogenic substrate for carboxylesterase

5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for beta-D-galactosidase, yielding a magenta precipitate and contained in a chromogenic culture media. It is an indolyl carbohydrate that is the alpha-D-mannoside of indoxyl, in which the indole moiety is substituted at positions 4 and 5 by chlorine and bromine, respectively.

D-Psicose 6-phosphate sodium is an analog from D-psicose, a rare, natural monosaccharide with 70% the sweetness of sucrose. It is used as a low-calorie sweetener in food industry. In research, it is used to investigate its effects on metabolism, diabetes, and other health conditions.

4-Methylumbelliferyl 3-O-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate. It is used for the detection of glycoproteins and glycolipids in food testing, staining, environmental testing, and diagnostics. It can also be used as a fluorogenic substrate for the detection of glycoproteins and glycolipids in fluorescence microscopy. 4-methylumbelliferyl 3-O-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside has been shown to be a ligand for the lectin receptor Galectin 9, which is involved in inflammation and cancer cell growth. 4-methylumbelliferyl 3-O-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside has been shown to be an enzyme substrate for alkaline phosphatase, β

The Methionine Assay Kit (Fluorometric) is a kit containing the fluorogenic substrate needed for the determination of total methionine content. The kit is used to detect and quantify methionine in various food products, as well as in environmental samples. This assay can be used to measure free or protein-bound methionine. The fluorometric kit contains a conjugate that binds to the methionine molecule and provides a fluorescent signal proportional to the amount of bound methionine. The fluorescence intensity is measured on a fluorometer and converted into concentrations of methionine per gram of sample.

4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside is an efficient chromogenic pNP enzyme substrate ideal for monitoring enzyme activity and understanding carbohydrate metabolism. This galacto-glucoside compound is designed specifically for use with glycosidases such as hexosaminidases and delivers unparalleled performance in your enzymatic assays.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for alpha-L-rhamnosidase. After enzymatic cleaveage, free 4-methylumbelliferone (also known as hymecromone) is released, exhibiting blue fluorescence upon excitation with UV light. The strongest fluorescence of 4-methylumbelliferone requires deprotonation of the hydroxyl group (thus requires alkaline pH), with a maximal fluorescence intensity obtained with excitation at 350 to 370 nm and emission at 440 to 470 nm. The use of 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosideas a substrate for measuring the alpha-L-rhamnosidase activity is used for detection of bacterial infection.

Targets Factor C substrate and peptidase

Chromogenic substrate targeting beta- galactosidase and whose color is dependent on the metal chelating.Alizarin-2-beta-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for enzymes based on alizarin and has been reported for the detection of bacterial beta-galactosidase by researchers at the University of Northumbria and the Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne in the UK (James, 2000).

Bioluminescent substrate for luciferase

2-Nitrophenyl butyrate is a chromogenic enzyme substrate that is commonly used in enzymatic assays to detect lipases and esterases. When hydrolyzed by these enzymes, the substrate yields a yellow product that can be detected spectrophotometrically at 405 nm. The advantage of using 2-nitrophenyl butyrate is its high sensitivity and specificity for detecting lipolytic and esterolytic activities. This substrate is widely used in various applications, including enzyme kinetics studies, inhibitor screening, and the determination of esterase activity in biological samples such as serum, plasma, and cell lysates.