Enzyme Substrates

L-Serine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used in the detection and quantification of enzymes. L-serine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride reacts with the enzyme to produce an excited state, which then emits light. The emitted light can be detected by a luminometer, which will then generate a signal proportional to enzyme concentration. L-serine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride can also be used as a chromogenic substrate for the detection and quantification of ligands such as antibodies, antigens, or DNA probes. In addition, L-serine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride is a bioluminescent substrate that can be used for cell culture media and food testing.

3-Indolyl b-D-glucuronide sodium salt is a specialized enzyme substrate that features an indole moiety linked to a glucuronide group. This compound is commonly used in various biochemical assays to study the activity of glucuronidase enzymes, which play a crucial role in the metabolism and detoxification of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. The sodium salt form of this substrate ensures enhanced solubility and stability in aqueous solutions, making it a valuable tool for researchers investigating the function and regulation of glucuronidase enzymes in biological systems. 3-Indolyl b-D-glucuronide sodium salt is also used for the detection of E. coli.

3-Indoxyl sulfate, potassium salt (3ISK) is a chemical compound that is soluble in water. It has been used as a marker for bowel disease, and it has been shown to react with analytical methods such as titration calorimetry and lc-ms/ms. 3ISK can be used to determine the optimum concentration for pharmacological treatment of bowel disease. The metabolic fate of 3ISK has been studied extensively and it is found that 3ISK is metabolized by microbial enzymes in the gut, which may lead to an increased incidence of bowel disease in patients with low levels of microbial metabolism. 3ISK also plays an important physiological function by maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential, which could have implications for pharmacological treatment of bowel disease.

Coelenterazine is the substrate for the enzymes Renilla luciferase, Gaussia luciferase and other luciferase enzymes. Marine organisms like squids, shrimps, fish and jellyfish use coelenterazine to produce spectacular bioluminescence (in analogy with insects which utilize firefly luciferine). Today, coelenterazine is used in numerous applications like immunoassays, ELISA, monitoring of reporter genes, chemiluminescence detection of superoxide anion and peroxynitritein cells or tissues. The substrate is also used in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), HTS and protein based methods for Calcium detection. The isolation and structure determination of coelenterazine was reported independently by two different groups in the seventies who discovered the molecule in sea pansy (Renilla reniformis) and in the cnidarian Aequorea victoria, respectively. Interestingly it was also found that the luminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria does not produce coelenterazine itself but it rather assimilates it through ingestion of small preys like shrimps and copepods. This product Coelenterazine, native, which is provided as a powder, is identical in quality and chemistry to our product Coelenterazine, native, dried.

Maltotetraose 2-aminobenzamide is a chemiluminescent substrate that emits light in the presence of certain oxidizing agents. It provides high quality and environmental testing, as well as staining and ligand capability. Maltotetraose 2-aminobenzamide is used in diagnostics to identify bacteria and other microorganisms. Maltotetraose 2-aminobenzamide can be used for the detection of bacterial colonies on agar plates using a fluorogenic substrate, or for the detection of fungi using a chromogenic substrate. Maltotetraose 2-aminobenzamide is also used as an enzyme substrate in food testing or conjugate with enzymes for bioluminescence.

Fluorogenic substrate for α-L-arabinosidase yielding a blue fluorescent solution upon cleavage.

6-Chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-glucuronic acid (cyclohexylammonium salt) is a chromogenic substrate for beta-glucuronidase yielding a salmon colored precipitate upon cleavage.

L-Lysyl-L-alanine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin dihydrochloride is a fluorogenic peptide substrate for aminopeptidase. This AMC peptide substrate is normally used to rapidly profile the N-terminal specificity of proteases.

4-Nitrophenyl laurate is a chromogenic substrate for lipase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl laurate is used in different applications such as the Lipase activity screening, clinical diagnostics

Chromogenic substrate used to measure phospholipase C (PLC) activity

Ac-DEVD-6-amino-D-luciferin is a bioluminescence substrate for protease enzymes (eg caspase-3 protease).

2-Nitrophenyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the enzymatic activity of xylosidase. After cleavage, the nitrophenyl moiety is released exhibiting a light yellowish color. 2-Nitrophenyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside is used in bacterial hemicellulose metabolism assays.

Aldol® 470 L-pyroglutamic acid amide is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of pyrrolidonyl peptidase (PYRase) activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by PYRase-producing bacteria grown in liquid or solid media, yielding orange color. In addition, green fluorescence is generated when a suitable matrix is present, such as, the surface of cellulose acetate filters, polypropylene tubes or microplates, and polyethylene vials. Aldol® 470 L-pyroglutamic acid amide is suitable for use under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Impurity Aminoquat, Colesevelam Aminoquat Impurity HBr Applications (6-Aminohexyl)trimethylammonium Bromide is a potent inhibitor and acts as substrate for pig kidney diamine oxidase. References Bardsley, W.G., et al.: Biochem. J., 122, 557 (1971),

Coelenterazine h is a substrate for luciferases or as a constituent of photoproteins

4-Methylumbelliferyl b-D-chitobiose heptaacetate is a fluorogenic substrate that is widely used in diagnostic and research applications. It can be used as a substrate for enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, β-glucuronidase, β-galactosidase, β-glucosidase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, α-mannosidase, and α-fucosidase. 4MUBH can also be used in the detection of bacterial growth. 4MUBH reacts with NADPH to produce light through chemiluminescence. This product has been shown to have a high purity and quality and should not be stored in UV light or strong acids. CAS No. 55900-34-0

4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-6-O-(2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra -O acetyl -b D galactopyranosyl)-2 deoxy a D galactopyranoside is a high purity fluorogenic substrate for the enzyme β galactosidase. It can be used for the detection of β galactosidase in biological samples. 4NPAG can also be used as a ligand for various types of chromogenic substrates. This product is also commonly used in diagnostics and conjugates to detect β galactosidase activity or as a culture media supplement.

4-Nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-phosphate is a chromogenic substrate for glucose-6-phosphatase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-phosphate is used in different applications such as the Glycogen storage disease diagnosis (e.g., von Gierke disease)

Chemiluminescence beta-galactosidase substrate

Modified naphtol AS substrate used in histochemical and cytochemical staining

Resorufin b-D-xylobioside is a fluorogenic substrate for xylanases useful for xylanase activity assays.

Please enquire for more information about L-Luciferin, potassium salt including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page

Fluorogenic substrate used to differentiate cytochrome P450 monooxygenases

Aldol® 455 alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a high quality, environmentally tested, staining, and ligand for bioluminescent assays. It has been shown to be a chromogenic substrate for diagnostics and a fluorogenic substrate for enzymes such as alpha-glucosidase, producing a yellow/green-orange color. Aldol® 455 alpha-D-glucopyranoside is also used in culture media and food testing.

L-Phenylalanine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin trifluoroacetate salt is a fluorogenic peptide substrate for aminopeptidase. This AMC peptide substrate is normally used to rapidly profile the N-terminal specificity of proteases.

Aldol® 458 beta-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of beta-galactosidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by lactose utilizing bacteria grown in liquid or solid media, yielding yellow coloration and green fluorescence. Aldol® 458 beta-D-galactopyranoside can also be used in beta-galactosidase gene reporter assays or immunoassay applications (ELISA). Aldol® 458 beta-D-galactopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Bis(4-methylumbelliferyl)phosphate is a fluorescent probe that can be used for the diagnosis of β-glucosidase. It has a phosphate group and can be used to study phosphodiesterases and phosphodiesters. Bis(4-methylumbelliferyl)phosphate is also a liposomal probe that can be used in kinetic studies. This compound has been shown to inhibit β-glucosidase, which is an enzyme found in human saliva and pancreatic juice, at high concentrations. The inhibition of this enzyme leads to the accumulation of glucose and galactose in the blood, which can lead to diabetes mellitus or cancer.

L-Ala-PAB-resorufin is a highly sensitive chromogenic and fluorogenic indicator for L-alanine aminopeptidase activity and related enzymes occurring in prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic organisms. After removal of the L-alanyl substructure by enzymatic hydrolysis and spontaneous elimination of the para-aminobenzyl spacer, the initially orange colored compound yields an intense pink color and red fluorescence.

Use as a positive control when detecting nitroreductase activity

Aldol® 470 L-alanine ester, hydrochloride is a fluorescent chemiluminescent substrate. It is a ligand with high purity and high quality, which has been patented in the European Patent Office (EP 2427431) and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (US 8940909). The product can be used for chemiluminescence, staining, fluorescence, bioluminescence, enzyme substrate and food testing. Aldol® 470 L-alanine ester, hydrochloride is an excellent fluorescent chemiluminescent substrate that can be used for conjugation to enzymes or antibodies.

2-Nitrophenyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the presence of galactosidase enzymes in various biological and biochemical assays. It consists of a nitrophenyl group attached to a galactose sugar molecule through a thioglycosidic bond. When acted upon by enzymes such as galactosidases, it releases the colored nitrophenyl group, which can be detected using spectrophotometry. This substrate is commonly used in assays for the detection of LacZ activity in bacterial cultures, as lacZ encodes for β-galactosidase.

A non-metabolizable allolactose analogue, widely used in molecular biology for overexpression of recombinant proteins from inducible systems under the control of lac promoter. IPTG binds to the LacI repressor and causes its release from the lac operator, allowing gene expression to take place. Present in vectors of pGEX, pGEM-T, pET, pRSET, pMAL class and others.

4-Nitrophenyl phosphate potassium salt is a high quality, non-radioactive chemiluminescence substrate that is used in the detection of oxidase activity. This product can be used to measure the activity of peroxidase and catalase enzymes, as well as the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. It also has been shown to be a ligand for some sulfhydryl groups and an inhibitor of phosphatases. 4-Nitrophenyl phosphate potassium salt has been tested for its ability to inhibit bacterial growth and fluorescence by staining cells. This product has also been shown to have bioluminescent properties and can be used for diagnostics or culture media.

5-Bromo-3-indolyl nonanoate (BIN) is a chromogenic enzyme substrate often used for the detection of esterase activity. It is hydrolyzed by esterase to produce a blue product, which can be detected visually or by spectrophotometry. BIN is particularly useful for the detection of esterase activity in bacteria and fungi, and can be used to differentiate between different types of organisms based on their esterase activity patterns

4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-sulfate sodium salt is a high-quality fluorogenic substrate specifically designed for the detection and quantification of various enzymes, including beta-glucosidases and sulfatases. Upon hydrolysis by the target enzyme, this substrate releases the highly fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferone, allowing for real-time monitoring and accurate measurement of enzyme activities in biochemical assays, diagnostic tests, and research applications. 4-Methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-sulfate sodium salt has excellent solubility in water, ensuring a consistent and reliable performance in different experimental conditions. This versatile substrate is an essential tool for researchers and industry professionals who require a sensitive and reproducible detection method for enzymes of interest.

4-Methylumbelliferyl b-D-fucopyranoside is a fluorescent compound that can be used to measure photosynthetic activity. It is often used as a marker for the study of photosynthesis. This compound is produced by organisms in the process of photosynthesis and can be detected in the light emitted by plant leaves when they are exposed to light. 4-Methylumbelliferyl b-D-fucopyranoside is also an important component of biomass and can be used to determine biomass in aquatic environments. The production of this compound may be encoded by genes that regulate its synthesis, and it may also contain polynucleotides.

Aldol® 495 phosphate is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of phosphatase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by acid and alkaline phosphatases secreted by bacteria in liquid or solid media, yielding orange color and green fluorescence. Aldol® 495 phosphate can also be used in Western blots and other immunoassay applications with phosphatase-coupled secondary antibodies. Aldol® 495 phosphate can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Coelenterazine and its derivatives spontaneously complex with aequorin to develop a Ca2+-dependent fluorescent signal.

Substrate for beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase

4-Nitrophenyl 2,3,4-tri-O-levulinoyl-a-D-mannopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that contains a reactive group of 2,3,4-tri-O-levulinoyl. This compound can be used to measure the activity of enzymes such as beta-glucosidase and alpha-galactosidase. 4NP2OMP is an excellent ligand for metal ions and has been shown to bind to copper in the presence of ATP. 4NP2OMP can also be used as a diagnostic agent for measuring the activity of bacterial beta-glucosidase and alpha galactosidase.

6-Chloro-4-trifluoromethylumbelliferyl b-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate that can be used in enzyme assays to measure the activity of beta-glucuronidase. This compound is sold as a conjugate with an enzyme, which will not interfere with the assay. The compound has been tested to have high purity and quality.

Applications Fatty acyl esters of 4-methylumbelliferone for use as fluorogenic substrates to continuously follow the hydrolytic activity of carboxylesterases, such as acid and alkaline lipases. References Jacks, T.J., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 21, 279 (1967), Baillargeon, M.W., et al.: Lipids, 26, 831 (1991),

DMNPE-caged form of luciferin