Enzyme Modulators

Camostat is a serine protease inhibitor that is used for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis. This drug has shown to reduce inflammation and pain. Studies have shown that Camostat has also inhibited the entry of SARS-CoV-2 in lung cells by inhibiting the priming process of S-protein, necessary for the viral entry into host cells. Camostat mesylate is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Used for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Inhibitor of glutathione peroxidase GPX4

A novel non-covalent inhibitor of the PLpro protease from SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV viruses. GRL 0617 inhibits the proteolytic processing of the viral polypeptide. As PLpro also acts as a protease in pathways involved in innate immunity, there are indications that it can promote immunity against the virus.

Potent and selective GSK3-β inhibitor, with IC50 value of 48 nM. Increases Nanog expression and regulates self-renewal in murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Induces reprograming of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to derive cells from specific lineages.

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor; anti-hypercholesterolemia agent

Rapamycin is a macrolide antibiotic that has been studied as a potential anticancer agent. It binds to FK506 binding proteins (FKBPs) to form a complex that inhibits mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR). Rapamycin also blocks p70 S6 kinase activation by interleukin-2 and thereby inhibits proliferation of T cells. It induces differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to mesendoderm and blood progenitor cells.

AZD 1152 is an Aurora kinase inhibitor, which is a type of small-molecule therapeutic agent. It is derived from the pharmaceutical research conducted by AstraZeneca. Its primary mode of action involves the selective inhibition of Aurora B kinase, an enzyme crucial for the regulation of mitosis. By interfering with this enzyme, AZD 1152 disrupts the normal progression of cell division, leading to the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells. The compound has been primarily investigated for its applications in oncology, where abnormal Aurora kinase activity is commonly associated with tumorigenesis and cancer progression. AZD 1152 has shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies for the treatment of various malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia and solid tumors. Its ability to selectively target cancer cells while sparing normal cells makes it a valuable candidate for combination therapies aimed at enhancing anti-cancer efficacy while minimizing toxicity.

Sumoylation inhibitor; reported to inhibit histone acetylation transferase

This product is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Selective inhibitor of the Src kinase family with subnanomolar IC50 values and good selectivity over c-Abl, PDGFRα and c-Kit kinases. The compound is effective in inhibiting growth in drug resistant cancer cell lines. In a recent study, it inhibited the growth of HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines which were resistant to pan-HER family kinase inhibitors such as lapatinib.

Tegafur is an antineoplastic agent that is used for the treatment of gastric and colorectal cancers in combination with other medications. This drug is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil and has anticancer properties by inhibiting thymidylate synthase during DNA synthesis. Additionally, Tegafur causes disruptions of RNA functions. Tegafur is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Inhibitor of factor Xa

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a family of kinases that regulate the cell cycle and gene transcription. Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) forms a trimeric complex with cyclin H and MAT1, which functions as a Cdk-activating kinase (CAK) and promotes cell cycle progression. CDK7 is an essential component of the transcription factor TFIIH, involved in DNA repair. CDK7 is also implicated in mRNA processing, transcription activation, pause induction, and pause release.CDK8 associates with the mediator complex and regulates transcription via several mechanisms, including influencing binding of RNA polymerase II to the mediator complex. CDK8 phosphorylates the Notch intracellular domain, SREBP, and STAT1. Its regulatory subunit is cyclin C. CDK9 is a component of the TAK/P-TEFb complex, which phosphorylates the part of RNA polymerase II. Its regulatory subunit is cyclin T or cyclin K. CDK9 interacts with HIV-1 Tat protein and TRAF2, and is involved in the differentiation of skeletal muscle.CDKs are often over expressed in cancers and may correlate with poor prognosis. This peptide is based on the C-terminal of RNA polymerase II and is used in kinase assays.

Selective inhibitor of the platelet derived growth factor receptor PDGFRβ with IC50 value of 4.2 nM. JNJ 10198409 inhibits the PDGFRβ kinase activity and its downstream signalling leading to anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic effects, which were confirmed in various tumoral cell lines.

Dexrazoxane is a cytoprotective drug that is used in chemotherapy to provide cardio-protection against anthracycline toxicity. It is an antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties. Dexrazoxane works by binding to iron in the cell, preventing it from being released. Dexrazoxane is also a catalytic inhibitor of topoisomerase II. Dexrazoxane is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Inhibitor of FLT3 and AXL tyrosine kinases

Sorafenib is a drug that belongs to the class of multikinase inhibitors. It inhibits a number of kinases, including the Mcl-1 protein, which is involved in apoptosis along with blocking picolinic acid (PA), an endogenous metabolite involved in apoptosis signal transduction. Sorafenib also binds to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on the surface of cancer cells, inhibiting the production of proteins that are required for angiogenesis, thus blocking the formation of new blood vessels. Sorafenib may also inhibit P-glycoprotein (Pgp) activity. Overall, these cytotoxic effects give Sorafenib anti-tumor properties, inhibiting angiogenesis and cellular transformation, which are the two main processes of tumor growth and metastasis. Sorafenib tosylate has been shown to be effective against a range of solid tumors such as breast, prostate and lung cancers and is also used for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer and renal cell carcinoma. A combination therapy group found that sorafenib was more effective when used with interferon alfa-2b for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. Sorafenib tosylate also has the potential for drug interactions with other drugs that are metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Sorafenib tosylate is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready to use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

This peptide is phosphorylated by Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and is an ideal substrate for use in kinase assays. The JAK family of kinases is essential for the signalling of a host of immune modulators in tumour, stromal, and immune cells where they are highly expressed. JAK family proteins mediate the signalling of the interferon (IFN), IL-6, and IL-2 families of cytokines.JAK kinases are associated with cytokine receptors. Cytokine binding to these receptors results in activation of JAK kinases and receptor phosphorylation. Phosphorylated cytokine receptors recruit STAT proteins, which are then phosphorylated by the activated JAK kinases. Phosphorylated STAT proteins form homo- and hetero-dimers that translocate into the nucleus and function as transcription factors.

Anastrozole is a non-steroidal drug that belongs to the class of aromatase inhibitors. It inhibits the production of estrogen by blocking the conversion of androgens to estrogens in peripheral tissues. The drug has been shown to be effective in treating breast cancer in postmenopausal women. In vitro assays have shown that Anastrozole can inhibit tumor growth as well as induce apoptosis in human serum cells, which suggests that it may be effective against a variety of cancers. Anastrozole is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Sulbactam is a synthetic antibacterial agent that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis. Sulbactam is a potent inhibitor of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The combination of sulbactam and polymyxin B has been shown to have synergistic inhibitory effects on Gram-negative bacteria and is used as an intravenous antibiotic for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Sulbactam is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Inhibitor of PDE4 enzyme

Vandetanib is antineoplastic kinase inhibitor that binds to the ATP-binding site of the enzyme squamous cell carcinoma kinase (SQSTM1). This binding inhibits the phosphorylation of the Bcl-2 protein and causes apoptosis. Vandetanib has been shown to have an effect on polymerase chain reaction amplification, terminal erythrocyte differentiation, and on gene expression in human tissue. Vandetanib is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Tadalafil is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor used to treat erectile dysfunction. It works by inhibiting the enzyme PDE, which is responsible for breaking down cGMP, a molecule that relaxes smooth muscle cells in the penis and allows for increased blood flow. Tadalafil has an ability to also act as a channel inhibitor and nerve growth factor inhibitor. Additionally, it is said to aid with pulmonary arterial hypertension by relaxing the blood vessels in the lungs to allow blood to flow more easily. Tadalafil is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2 kinases

Dabigatran is an anticoagulant that is used for the treatment of atrial fibrillation and prevention of venous thromboembolic events. It is a drug that acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme thrombin. Dabigatran inhibits platelet activation and aggregation, which reduces the risk of stroke or other vascular events. Dabigatran is a prodrug and does not have any activity in its active form. Dabigatran etexilate is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

A prodrug of the DNA-intercalating agent daunorubicin with anti-tumoral activity, used for suicide gene therapy and activity-dependent ablation of cells. Daun02 is an inactive form of the toxin, which gets activated upon cleavage with prodrug-activating enzyme β-galactosidase, yielding daunorubicin. Genetic constructs have been designed carrying the lacZ gene, coding for β-galactosidase, under control of application-specific promoters. The cells expressing the β-gal undergo cell death since the enzyme hydrolizes the prodrug into the active toxin.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor

Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to reduce inflammation, relieve pain and reduce fever. The mechanism of action of ibuprofen has not been fully elucidated, but it may be due to inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase and thus decreasing the synthesis of prostaglandins allowing a reduction of pain and inflammation. Ibuprofen is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready to use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Dihydrocyclosporin A is an immunosuppressant, which is a cyclic undecapeptide derived from fungal metabolites, specifically from the soil fungus Tolypocladium inflatum. This compound functions through the inhibition of calcineurin, which is a crucial phosphatase involved in the activation of T-cells. By binding to the intracellular protein cyclophilin, Dihydrocyclosporin A forms a complex that inhibits calcineurin activity, subsequently blocking the transcription of interleukin-2 and other cytokines essential for T-cell proliferation. The primary use of Dihydrocyclosporin A is in preventing organ transplant rejection, where it helps to maintain graft survival by curtailing the host's immune response against the transplanted organ. Additionally, it may be employed in treating autoimmune diseases, such as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis, where excessive immune activity causes tissue damage. As an expert in the field, it is crucial to understand the pharmacodynamics and precise molecular interactions that underlie its use, ensuring therapeutic efficacy while minimizing potential adverse effects.

RET receptor tyroine kinase inhibitor

Inhibitor of CK2 protein kinase; anti-proliferative

An active product of vitamin A metabolism. Activates RXR and RAR receptor isoforms with high binding affinity. Induces differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons.

A potent small-molecule activator of UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), a serine-threonine kinase involved in autophagy. Promotes cytoprotective autophagy in MPP+-treated SH-SY5Y cells, via the ULK complex. Improves motor dysfunction and reduces loss of dopaminergic neurons, mediated by MPTP, in in vivo models of Parkinson’s disease.

Lenalidomide is a thalidomide derivative that is used to treat multiple myeloma and anemia. This drug exerts immunomodulatory effects by altering cytokine production. Lenalidomide also directly inhibits the cullin ring E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Lenalidomide is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Inhibitor of ERK1 and ERK2 kinases

This product is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 cyclooxygenases

Irreversible ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Tolcapone is a catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor that is used as adjunct therapy to manage symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Although its precise mechanism is unknown, it is thought to be an inhibitor of COMT and allows for a greater reduction in the symptoms of Parkinson’s. Tolcapone is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Inhibitor of EGFR transmembrane receptor

Inhibitor of GSK3β kinase

Inhibits mTORC1 and mTORC2 serine/threonine kinases

Aliskiren is a drug that belongs to the group of angiotensin receptor blockers. It is a renin inhibitor that is used for the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure, and renal impairment. Aliskiren inhibits the action of angiotensin II by blocking the binding of this hormone to its receptors. Aliskiren hemifumarate is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

HMG-CoA reductase antagonist

Abltide represents the optimal substrate peptide of Abl (or c-Abl), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase (NRTK) and the oncogenic Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase (TK) (formed via a fusion between the Abelson (Abl) TK gene and the break point cluster region protein Brc). Abl was discovered as the gene from which the Abelson leukaemia virus derived its Gag-v-Abl oncogene.TKs are critical enzymes involved in multiple signalling pathways. However, Tks can promote cancer progression when deregulated, for example deregulated TK, Bcr-Abl gives rise to chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphocytic leukaemia (Ph+ ALL).Abl is activated by various signals including: growth factors, cytokines, cell adhesion, DNA damage and oxidative stress and results in the stimulation of both pro- and anti-apoptotic roles, cell proliferation or differentiation, retraction, or migration. Abl phosphorylates a large number of functionally diverse substrates, in part due to its ability to shuttle between the cytosol and the nucleus and bind both DNA and actin&mdash-two biopolymers with fundamental roles in almost all biological processes.

Inhibitor of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) with IC50 in nanomolar range. BRD 9908 was shown to preserve the insulin-secreting pancreatic cells in nonobese diabetic mice. BRD 3308 supressed infiltration of mononuclear cells and prevented β-cell death in vivo as well as increased basal insulin secretion in vitro. Studies on HIV infection models showed that HDAC3 inhibition by BRD 3308 disrupts the HIV latency by increasing the gene expression from HIV promoter.

Gefitinib is an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein. This inhibition is on the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain, where Gefitinib bindings to the ATP-binding site. As a a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Gefitinib blocks tumor growth and has led to its use in slowing the progression of non-small cell lung cancer. Gefitinib also inhibits invasion and metastasis through inhibition of macrophage receptor interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2), rather than EGFR. Gefitinib is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready to use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Natural anti-cancer agent; inhibitor of histone deacetylases

Vardenafil is a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor that binds to intracellular targets and competitively inhibits cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) hydrolysis thus increasing cGMP levels. Vardenafil can be used for the research of erectile dysfunction, hepatitis and diabetes. Vardenafil HCl is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use