Chromogenic Substrates

5-Bromo-3-indolyl decanoate (BID) is a chromogenic enzyme substrate often used for the detection of lipase activity. It is hydrolyzed by lipase to produce a blue-violet product, which can be detected visually or by spectrophotometry. BID is particularly useful for the detection of microbial lipases in food and environmental samples. It is commonly used in a wide range of biochemical, biological, and environmental testing applications that require precise lipase enzyme analysis.

Inorganic phosphate targeted colorimetric probe

4-Nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide is a synthetic substrate that is used in enzyme kinetics. It is a beta-galactosidase substrate that reacts with the enzyme to form a product. The rate of reaction can be measured by following the change in absorbance over time. This product will react with an acceptor, such as chondroitin sulfate, to produce an observable reaction product. 4NPBGA has been shown to be an effective carbon source for plant physiology studies and has been shown to have optimal activity at pH 6.5.

1-Naphthyl 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for bacterial beta D glucosidase. It is used for measuring the enzyme activity in different types of culture media and in the detection of bacterial contamination in food and environmental samples. This product can be used to detect the presence of beta D glucosidase by measuring luminescence with a luminometer. 1NAAG can also be used as a chromogenic substrate or to conjugate with antibodies for use in immunoassays.br>

Aldol® 484 beta-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic enzyme substrate for beta-galactosidase activity. The colorless product is cleaved by lactose-utilizing bacteria in liquid or solid media, yielding intense red color. Aldol® 484 beta-D-galacto-pyranoside can also be used in beta-gal reporter gene assays or for identification of beta-gal positive transformants on agar. Aldol® 484 beta-D-galactopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Substrate for hydrolases

4-Nitrophenyl 2-O-(α-D-glucopyranosyl)-α-D-glucopyranoside is a specialized chromogenic pNP substrate featuring dual glucose-linked moieties, designed for accurate detection and quantification of specific glycosidase enzymes. Upon cleavage by target enzymes, this substrate releases 4-Nitrophenol, which can be easily monitored spectrophotometrically as a yellow color change. This advanced substrate offers enhanced specificity and sensitivity in enzyme assays, facilitating cutting-edge research in biochemistry, enzymology, and other related fields.

Aldol® 518 beta-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of beta-galactosidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by lactose-utilizing bacteria in liquid or solid media, yielding intense red color as well as red fluorescence when a fluorescence enhancer or a suitable matrix is present. Aldol® 518 beta-D-galactopyranoside can also be used in beta-gal reporter gene assays or for identification of beta-gal positive transformants on agar plates. Aldol® 518 beta-D-galactopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

4-Nitrophenyl hepta-O-acetyl-1-thio-b-lactoside is an inorganic molecule that binds to the surface of bacteria. It has been used as a fingerprinting tool for a variety of organisms, including corynebacterium glutamicum. The molecule can be used to measure the metabolic activity of corynebacterium glutamicum with a technique called incremental acidification. This technique is based on the observation that the concentration of 4-nitrophenol decreases by one unit for each glucose metabolized by corynebacterium glutamicum. The use of 4NPHTBL and other primers can also be useful in diagnosing patients with autoimmune diseases such as celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease.

Chromogenic substrate for α-D-glucosidase yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage. Also used for the detection of glucansucrases and for yeast α-D-glucosidase and for studies of the crystal structure of the complexes of concanavalin A.

2-Naphthyl caprylate is a substrate that is employed in an assays for carboxylesterase and lipase and when hydrolyzed, produces 2-naphthol, a compound that can also be identified via fluorescence analysis. By combining it with a diazonium salt, the formation of the corresponding azo dye occurs. In particular, this substrate is used to detect the extracellular lipase of Pseudomonas fluorescens B52.

4-Nitrophenyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-a-D-glucopyranoside is a high quality chemical used in the development of various diagnostic and research applications. It is also used in the production of enzymatic substrates for enzyme activity assays. 4NPTAG is a chromogenic substrate that produces chemiluminescence when it reacts with an oxidizing agent and has been shown to be very effective as a fluorogenic substrate for protein kinases. This compound has been shown to bind to ligands and can be used as a bioluminescent reporter for molecular biology applications. The CAS number for this product is 54973-14-0.

4-Nitrophenyl 3-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-mannopyranosyl)-2-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene a -D-mannopyranoside is a synthetic substrate for glycosidases that can be used as an alternative to other substrates. It can be used in the detection of enzyme activity and in the diagnosis of diseases such as diabetes mellitus and Gaucher's disease. 4NP3ODABAB has been shown to have high quality and purity. This substrate has not been evaluated by CAS yet.

2,4-Dinitrophenyl b-L-arabinofuranoside is a high quality chromogenic substrate for dinitrophenylase. It is a ligand that reacts with an enzyme to form a product that can be detected by various methods, including colorimetry and fluorimetry. 2,4-Dinitrophenyl b-L-arabinofuranoside has shown to be useful for the detection of organic contaminants in water and air. 2,4-Dinitrophenyl b-L-arabinofuranoside is also used as a reagent for the preparation of conjugates for immunoassays.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that reacts with horseradish peroxidase to produce light. It is used in the detection of β-galactosidase activity in food testing, staining, and environmental testing. This product is also used as a chromogenic substrate for the determination of β-galactosidase activity in immunological assays. 5BICAPG is a conjugate that can be used as a diagnostic ligand for the detection of β -galactosidase enzyme activity. This product has been shown to react with horseradish peroxidase and produce chemiluminescence or bioluminescence when exposed to oxygen. 5BICAPG has also been found to be an excellent enzyme substrate for various enzymes including alkaline phosphatase

Naphthol AS-BI-beta-D-glucuronic acid is a β-glucuronidase substrate. The substrate is used in combination with stabilized diazonium salts such as Fast Red Violet LB salt (5-chloro-4-benzamido-2-methylbenzenediazonium chloride). Free Naphthol AS and Fast Red Violet undergo a chemical reaction to yield intensely colored azo-dyes.

Phosphatase substrate

Chromogenic substrate for α-galactosidase yielding a salmon-colored precipitate.

4-Nitrophenyl beta-D-xylobioside is a chromogenic substrate for xylanase. Upon hydrolysis, para-nitrophenol is released yielding a yellowish colour. 4-Nitrophenyl beta-D-xylobioside is used in different applications such as the Xylan degradation studies, paper/pulp industry applications

2-Nitrophenyl 2,3-di-O-acetyl-4-O-triethylsilyl-b-D-xylopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate for enzmatic assays to measure xylosidase activity. It is a derivative of xylose that can be hydrolyzed by xylosidase to release the yellow-colored 2-nitrophenyl group, which can be detected spectrophotometrically. By modifying the xylose molecule with acetyl and triethylsilyl groups, the enzyme substrate becomes more stable and resistant to degradation. This substrate is commonly used in the study of plant biomass degradation and in the detection of xylosidase activity in microorganisms.

2-Nitrophenyl-2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-b-D-glucuronide methyl ester is a tri-O-acetylated glucuronide substrate commonly used in chromogenic assays to detect the activity of beta-glucuronidase. Upon hydrolysis by the enzyme, the substrate releases 2-nitrophenol, which can be spectrophotometrically. The substrate is widely used in diagnostic tests to assess bacterial and fungal infections, as well as in drug metabolism studies.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl thymidine (BCIT) is a chromogenic substrate that reacts with the enzyme β-galactosidase, which cleaves the BCIT to form a bromochloroindoxyl (BCI) and an indoxyl phosphate. The BCI is then detected by chemiluminescence or fluorescence. This product is used in food testing, diagnostics, environmental testing, and staining. It has been shown to be a good substrate for β-galactosidase from different sources such as calf thymus, bacteria, fungi, and plants.

2-Nitrophenyl hexyl ether is a chromogenic substrate commonly used to assay the activity of esterases. Upon cleavage of the ester bond by esterases, the released 2-nitrophenyl group yields a yellow color detectable by spectrophotometry. This substrate has been used in a variety of applications, including environmental monitoring and studies of insecticide resistance. It is particularly useful for screening large numbers of samples because of its rapid reaction rate and high sensitivity. However, it should be noted that some non-specific hydrolysis may occur with this substrate, particularly at high concentrations or in the presence of strong nucleophiles.

Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl caprylate is a chromogenic substrate for esterase which have C8 activity. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl caprylate yields a blue precipitate when cleaved.

Chromogenic substrate for α-L-arabinofuranosidase yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage.

Aldol® 518 beta-D-glucuronic acid is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of beta-glucuronidase activity, yielding red colour and red fluorescence. Living cells of Escherichia coli can be reliably detected with Aldol® 518 beta-D-glucuronic acid-containing media. Aldol® 518 beta-D-glucuronic acid can be also used in GUS reporter assays, e.g. in plant biotechnology. Aldol® 518 beta-D-glucuronic acid is suitable for use in liquid and solid media, under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions.

4-Nitrophenyl a-D-thiomannopyranoside is a chemiluminescence substrate that can be used to measure the activity of β-galactosidase, an enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of lactose. This product is available as a white to yellowish powder and has been shown to have high purity and quality. It also displays strong fluorescence when reacted with hydrogen peroxide and has been used for diagnostics tests such as staining, food testing, and enzyme substrate reactions.

4-Nitrophenyl β-D-ribofuranoside is a synthetic chromogenic molecule designed to profile phosphorolytic enzyme activity, specifically ribonucleoside-hydrolyzing enzymes. Upon hydrolysis by these enzymes, it releases a 4-nitrophenolic compound, which can be monitored spectrophotometrically at 405-410 nm as a quantitative indicator of enzyme activity. This substrate is suitable for studying ribonucleoside-hydrolyzing enzymes, such as ribo- and deoxyribonucleases, in various biological systems and, in turn, could help advance our understanding of nucleic acid metabolism, gene function, and regulatory processes.

Aldol® 518 alpha-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of alpha-galactosidase activity. The enzyme substrate is cleaved by alpha-galactosidase positive bacteria and yeasts in liquid or solid media, yielding red color and red fluorescence signal. Aldol® 518 alpha-D-galactopyranoside can also be used to detect alpha-galactosidase (encoded by the Mel1 gene) in yeast gene reporter assays or for identification of alpha-gal positive transformants on agar plates. Aldol® 518 alpha-D-galactopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

1-Naphthyl β-D-glucopyranoside can be used as a chromogenic substrate for beta-glucosidases. It can also be used as a fluorogenic substrate to study carbohydrate metabolism and in screening enzyme inhitibitors in pharmacologic research.

Aldol® 515 acetate is a chromogenic and fluorogenic substrate, used for detection of esterase activity. The colorless product is cleaved by purified esterase, or esterase secreted by microorganisms in liquid or solid media, yielding a red color and red fluorescence signal when Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer or a suitable matrix is present. Aldol® 515 acetate can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Well detectable color/fluorescence of bacterial colonies or liquid cultures is obtained within 16-48 h. In the presence of a purified esterase, color and fluorescence develops within minutes to few hours.

Aldol® 515 L-proline amide is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of L-proline aminopeptidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by L-proline aminopeptidase produced by microorganisms grown in liquid or solid media, yielding red-orange color. In addition, red fluorescence signals are generated when a fluorescence enhancer or a suitable matrix is present. Aldol® 515 L-proline amide is suitable for use under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

4-Chloro-2-nitrophenyl b-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that is used in diagnostic testing, such as food and environmental testing. 4-Chloro-2-nitrophenyl b-D-galactopyranoside is an enzyme substrate that can be used to measure the activity of beta galactosidase. This substrate is also chromogenic, which means that it will change color when exposed to the enzyme. 4CNPGalA has been shown to be an excellent ligand for beta galactosidase and can be used in conjugation reactions with other molecules.

6-Chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester is a chromogenic substrate that can be used for the detection of indoxyl glucuronide in urine and other biological fluids. 6-Chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester is a white or light yellow crystalline solid that is soluble in water. It has a melting point of about 80°C and is stable at pH levels ranging from 2 to 12. The CAS number for this compound is 13982-87-6.

Substrates for endoglucanase and beta-cellobiohydrolase activity in the study of digestive system in Zygentoma as an insect model for high cellulase activity

2,4-Dinitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate for use in diagnostic testing. It reacts with the enzyme β -galactosidase to produce a blue color. This product is used as an indicator of β -galactosidase activity in bacterial cultures or as an indicator of the presence of this enzyme in food or other materials. It can be used to detect and measure the level of β -galactosidase in a sample. The reaction can be monitored by measuring light emission at 450 nm. 2,4-Dinitrophenyl 2 acetamido 2 deoxy b D glucopyranoside has a CAS number of 47868-87-0 and is available in high purity (>97%).

4-Nitrophenyl b-D-cellohexaoside is a substrate for many enzymes and can be used to detect the presence of these enzymes in biological samples. It can also be used to detect the presence of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. 4-Nitrophenyl b-D-cellohexaoside is an excellent substrate for enzyme reactions that produce a chromogenic or fluorogenic product. This product is often conjugated with other compounds such as antibodies or antigens to form an immunoassay. 4-Nitrophenyl b-D-cellohexaoside is made from a high purity chemical by a process called nitration with sodium nitrate and sulfuric acid.

4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-4-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranoside is an enzyme substrate that is used in the detection of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. It is also used for environmental testing, bioluminescence, culture media, chemiluminescence, fluorogenic substrate, food testing, diagnostics and other applications.

4-Nitrophenyl 6-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-a-D-mannopyranosyl)-2,3,4-tri-O-levulinoyl-a-D-mannopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that is used in assays for detecting nitrates. This compound reacts with 4-(methylnitrosamino)pyridine (MNAP) to produce an intense light that can be detected by a luminometer. It has been shown to react with the enzyme nitrate reductase and is used in food testing and environmental testing as a means of measuring the amount of nitrates present.

Chromogenic substrate targeting cellulases

2-Nitrophenyl beta-L-fucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the enzymatic activity of beta-L-fucosidase. After cleavage, the nitrophenyl moiety is released exhibiting a light yellowish color. 2-Nitrophenyl beta-L-fucopyranoside is used in bacterial fucose metabolism studies to identify and quantify the enzymatic activity in, for example, Bacteroides spp..

2-Fluoro-4-nitrophenyl b-D-galactopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate in enzymatic assays with β-galactosidase. Commonly abbreviated as PFONPG, it is a hydrophilic compound that can be dissolved in saline and blood samples, which makes it a suitable candidate for diagnostic applications as a gene reporter probe by simple analytic methodologies. 2-Fluoro-4-nitrophenyl b-D-galactopyranoside have been used to detect and monitor the growth of prostate tumor cells.

Chromogenic substrate for β-D-Cellobiosidase yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage.

2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-cellotetraoside is a chromogenic substrate for measuring cellulase activity and other glycosyl hydrolases. The release of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol can be detected at 405 nm.

Chromogenic substrate for fucosyltransferases

1-Naphthyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate commonly used to assay the activity of enzymes that cleave N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide, such as beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Upon cleavage by the enzyme of interest, the substrate releases a yellow-colored 1-naphthylamine, which can be measured spectrophotometrically. This substrate is widely used in biomedical research and drug discovery for studying lysosomal storage disorders, bacterial infections, and neurological diseases.

Aldol® 515 phosphate is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of phosphatase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by acid and alkaline phosphatases secreted by bacteria in liquid or solid media, yielding intense red color and red fluorescence. Aldol® 515 phosphate can also be used in Western blots and other immunoassay applications with phosphatase-coupled secondary antibodies. Aldol® 515 phosphate can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Aldol® 515 acetate is a chromogenic and fluorogenic substrate, used for detection of esterase activity. The colorless product is cleaved by purified esterase, or esterase secreted by microorganisms in liquid or solid media, yielding a red color and red fluorescence signal when Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer or a suitable matrix is present. Aldol® 515 acetate can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Well detectable color/fluorescence of bacterial colonies or liquid cultures is obtained within 16-48 h. In the presence of a purified esterase, color and fluorescence develops within minutes to few hours.

4-Nitrophenyl 2-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-a-L-fucopyranosyl)-6-O-benzoyl-3,4-O-isopropylidene a D galactopyranoside is an analog of galactose that binds to the DNA and regulates gene expression. This compound has been shown to be able to regulate gene expression levels in cells. 4NP2B6OB was used as a probe for microarray analysis of gene expression profiles from environmental samples. It was found that 4NP2B6OB could be used as a probe for the identification of genes in high density arrays.

4-Nitrophenyl b-D-cellobioside heptaacetate is a chromogenic substrate for enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds. This product is used as a diagnostic tool for identifying and characterizing glycosidases and other enzymes that degrade glycosidic bonds. 4-Nitrophenyl b-D-cellobioside heptaacetate is also used in culture media to measure the activity of cellulase enzymes by measuring the release of reducing sugars. The color change of this substrate can be detected at 405 nm, 490 nm, or 550 nm.