Chromogenic Substrates

6-Bromo-2-naphthyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used for the detection of chitinase activity. Upon hydrolysis by chitinase, it releases a yellow-brown color, which is easily detected by spectrophotometry. This substrate has been used to study chitinases in various organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and insects. It can also be used to quantitate chitinase activity in various biological samples.

The Aldol® 470 N-tosyl-L-alanine ester is a high purity, high quality fluorogenic substrate for the enzyme alkaline phosphatase. It is a conjugate of the tosyl group with L-alanine and has been used as a fluorogenic substrate in various food testing applications. The Aldol® 470 N-tosyl-L-alanine ester also has several other uses including in diagnostic methods, culture media, and enzyme substrates.

Aldol® 495 beta-D-glucuronic acid is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of beta-glucuronidase activity. The living cells of Escherichia coli can be reliably detected in growth media containing Aldol® 495 beta-D-glucuronic acid, as beta-glucuronidase occurs almost exclusively in E. coli. Aldol® 495 beta-D-glucuronic acid can also be in GUS reporter assays. Aldol® 495 beta-D-glucuronic acid can be used in liquid culture and solid media, and is suitable for use under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Upon exposure to active beta-glucuronidase, Aldol® 495 beta-D-glucuronic acid develops orange colour and green fluorescence.

A substrate for visualising alkaline phosphatase activity. Produces a red colored insoluble end product that is detected visually, when used together with nitroblue tetrazolium. The substrate system is versatile and functions in a variety of applications, including Northern, Southern, and Western blotting, in situ hybridization, ELISAs and immunohistochemistry. DMF soluble.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl b-D-fucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used is for the enzyme beta-fucosidase.

Used in biological studies as a chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase; red color.Chlorophenol red indicates changes of pH in the range of 4.8 to 6.7 by turning the solution from yellow (at pH 4.8) to violet (at pH 6.7). Converted as signalogenic moiety of an enzyme substrate, chlorophenol red beta-D-galactopyranoside has a good proven sensitivity in the detection of beta-galactosidase activity in transfected mammalian cells, when compared to ONPG (o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside) (Eustice, 1991)

Aldol® 518 alpha-D-glucopyranoside is a fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of alpha-D-glucosidase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by alpha-D-glucosidase, generating red fluorescent signal and in some conditions, an orange colour in the visible spectrum can get formed, staining bacterial colonies in faint orange coloration. Aldol® 518 alpha-D-glucopyranoside can be used under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Calcium 2-naphthylphosphate, which is the calcim salt of 2-naphthylphosphate, is a chromogenic substrate to measure alkaline phosphatase activity. After enzymatic cleavage, the product yielded (2-naphthol) generates a red-colored complex upon reaction with a diazonium salt like Fast Blue RR or Fast Garnet GBC.

Aldol® 515 caprylate is a chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrate used for detection of lipase activity. The colorless enzyme substrate is cleaved by C8 esterases, yielding development of red coloration. In addition, red fluorescence is generated when Aldol® 355 fluorescence enhancer or a suitable matrix is present. Aldol® 515 caprylate can be used in enzyme assays and live bacterial cultures. Aldol® 515 caprylate is suitable for use in liquid and solid media, under aerobic as well as anaerobic conditions.

6-Chloro-3-indolyl butyrate is a chromogenic substrate for lipases. Use in lipid digestion and metabolism studies, it produces a salmon-pink color when 6-chloro-3-indolyl is released after enzymatic cleavage.

Methyl 4-nitrophenyl hexylphosphonate is a phosphonate inhibitor of the enzyme serine esterase. It has been shown to be more potent than other irreversible inhibitors such as ethyl 4-nitrophenyl hexylphosphonate and methyl 4-nitrophenoxybutyl phosphate. This compound is an immobilized form of the methyl 4-nitrophenyl hexylphosphonate that is immobilized on an inert surface, such as silica gel, via a covalent bonding process. The immobilization of the molecule ensures that it will not leach from the surface and is stable over time. The molecular weight of this substance is 411.5 Daltons and its molecular formula is C8H15NO4P. This substance has a diameter of 0.8 nm and can be found in crystalline form with a melting point of 143 degrees Celsius at atmospheric pressure. Methyl 4-nitrophenyl

2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside is a substrate used to measure the alpha-mannosidase activity. This enzyme plays a crucial role in the lysosomal degradation of asparagine-linked carbohydrate cores of glycoproteinsis. The use of 2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside in diagnostic assays is important as a deficiency in alpha-mannosidase leads to the accumulation of mannose-rich oligosaccharides in lysosomes, causing a range of health problems collectively known as alpha-mannosidosis.

6-Bromo-2-naphthyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used for the detection of chitinase activity. Upon hydrolysis by chitinase, it releases a yellow-brown color, which is easily detected by spectrophotometry. This substrate has been used to study chitinases in various organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and insects. It can also be used to quantitate chitinase activity in various biological samples.

2-Nitrophenyl 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-b-D-galactopyranoside is a fluorogenic substrate that can be used to detect β-galactosidase activity. This specific substrate is one of the most commonly used substrates for detecting β-galactosidase activity in diagnostic assays. It reacts with the enzyme to produce a blue color and has a fluorescence emission maximum at about 480 nm. The product is available in high purity and high quality and it is also an enzyme substrate.

4-Nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-acetyl-4-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is modified acetylated chromogenic substrate designed for the detection and quantification of enzyme activity. This highly specific substrate is cleaved by enzymes, releasing a yellow 4-nitrophenol product that can be easily measured spectrophotometrically. This allows for accurate and sensitive analysis of enzyme kinetics, inhibition studies, and substrate specificity determination.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl a-D-xylopyranoside is a chromogenic substrate used to detect the specific enzymatic activity of alpha-xylosidase. After cleavage, 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl is released, resulting in a blue to blue-green color change in bacterial colonies or media. 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl a-D-xylopyranoside is used in bacterial xylan metabolism studies and plant cell wall degradation assays.

2-Naphthyl-α-D-glucopyranoside is a substrate for α-glucosidase. 2-Naphthol is released upon hydrolyzation. By simultaneous coupling with a suitable staining reagent, such as hexazonium p-rosaniline, the corresponding reddish-brown azo-dye is formed. Naphthols can also be detected by fluorescence analysis.

Chromogenic substrate for α-galactosidase yielding a blue precipitate. Used for species differentiation within the family Enterobacteriaceae and differentiation of Bifido bacteria species from Lactobacillus species.

5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-cellobioside is a crystalline compound that is used in microbiological studies. It inhibits the growth of organisms by binding to active enzymes and preventing the formation of ATP. The crystalline form of 5-bromo-4-chloro-3 indoxyl beta D cellobioside has been shown to be effective against recombinantly produced proteins in proteomic studies. This compound has also been shown to inhibit the activity of hydrolytic enzymes, which are involved in both carbohydrate and protein metabolism. 5-Bromo-4 chloro 3 indoxyl beta D cellobioside has been found to be expressed at endogenous levels in a number of organs, including the liver, kidney, brain, and spleen.

Chromogenic β-galactosidase substrate yielding a yellow solution upon cleavage. Can be used for the detection of coliforms due to their β-galactosidase activity.