Tintes, colorantes y tinciones

It is the most commonly used sample buffer for SDS-PAGE of denatured proteins. It is a ready-to-use 5X solution with dithiothreitol (DTT) as a reducing agent. It can be used for SDS-PAGE protein loading of conventional proteins. The use of sample buffer ensures optimal band resolution when preparing proteins for SDS-PAGE with Tris-glycine-SDS running buffer. :It is the most commonly used sample buffer for SDS-PAGE of denatured proteins. It is a ready-to-use 5X solution with dithiothreitol (DTT) as a reducing agent. It can be used for SDS-PAGE protein loading of conventional proteins. The use of sample buffer ensures optimal band resolution when preparing proteins for SDS-PAGE with Tris-glycine-SDS running buffer. :It is the most commonly used sample buffer for SDS-PAGE of denatured proteins. It is a ready-to-use 5X solution with dithiothreitol (DTT) as a reducing agent. It can be used for SDS-PAGE protein loading of conventional proteins. The use of sample buffer ensures optimal band resolution when preparing proteins for SDS-PAGE with Tris-glycine-SDS running buffer.Role of reagents: Tris-HCl: as a buffering substance. The pH play an essential role in preserving peptide bonds from breaking apart. SDS: Proteins comes in different sizes and charges. SDS is an anionic detergent that helps in linearizing (by denaturing) the proteins and bringing a net negative charge to the proteins irrespective of the initial charge. Glycerol: The high density (thickening of the solution) of glycerol ensures the sample moves down into the well. DL-Dithiothreitol (DTT): is a strong reducing agent. Its specific role in sample denaturation is to remove the last bit of tertiary and quaternary structure by reducing disulfide bonds. Bromophenol Blue: visually indicates the location (tracking dye) of the sample in the gel.

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Dispersed yellow 42 (DY42) is a functional group that absorbs ultraviolet radiation and has a high kinetic energy. DY42 can be used as a photoinitiator for polymerization reactions. A study found that DY42 was toxic to rats at doses of 1,000 mg/kg body weight. Polymeric photoinitiators with molecular weights greater than 100,000 are more effective than those with molecular weights less than 100,000. When DY42 is combined with fatty acids or fatty acid esters, it is able to initiate the polymerization reaction in the presence of radiation. The particles produced by polymerization have diameters of 20-30 nm and are spherical in shape.

Reactive blue 49 is a water soluble dye, which has been used for wastewater treatment. It is a reactive dye, and its microcapsules are composed of an outer capsule layer of ethylene diamine (EDA) and an inner core of capsicum annuum. Reactive blue 49 reacts to form a hydrophobic layer on the surface of the particle and this results in high values in both the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and kinetic data. This dye can be used as a magnetic resonance spectroscopy probe for mineralization reactions.

Pigment Yellow 13 is a yellow pigment that can be used in wastewater treatment. Pigment Yellow 13 is an organic compound that contains the reactive group glycol ether, which reacts with alcohol residue to form glycol esters. This reaction mechanism is similar to the reaction of glycols with water. The structure of Pigment Yellow 13 is a bound form and it has been found to have thermal expansion properties. Pigment Yellow 13 also has intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the carbon and oxygen atoms, which allows it to act as a stabilizer for polymers such as polyester and nylon. Pigment Yellow 13 also exhibits intermolecular hydrogen bonding, causing it to be resistant to radiation and laser ablation.

Basic Yellow 5 is a dye that belongs to the group of organic pigments. It is used in textile and leather production, as well as in food coloring. Basic Yellow 5 has been shown to bind to lectins on the surface of bacteria, which is how it exerts its antibacterial effects. This dye inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome and preventing amino acid incorporation into proteins. Basic Yellow 5 also inhibits bacterial growth by binding to the ribosome, interfering with protein synthesis and cell division.END>

5-Cyano-2,3-di-(p-tolyl)tetrazolium chloride is a tetrazolium dye used as an indicator of eukaryotic cells in a range or media including waste water resulting in a cyan color. It is commonly used in microbiology laboratories to measure the viability of cells. The redox potentials of 5-Cyano-2,3-di-(p-tolyl)tetrazolium chloride are reduced by the presence of active respiratory cells, resulting in fluorescent formazan.

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C.I. Leuco Sulphur Blue 15 is a versatile research chemical that can be used as an inhibitor, dye, stain, indicator, or probe. It has a wide range of applications in various industries including chemistry, biology, and pharmaceuticals. This compound contains hydroxyl and dopamine groups which make it highly reactive and suitable for derivatization reactions. C.I. Leuco Sulphur Blue 15 is known for its ability to form stable complexes with chloride and cyanide ions, making it useful in analytical chemistry. It can also be used as a clavulanic acid mimic or an aluminum complexing agent. Additionally, this compound can be employed as an electrode modifier in electrochemical studies. Its acidic nature allows it to interact with fatty acids and methanol, making it valuable for lipid analysis or solvent extraction processes. Whether you need a powerful research tool or a reliable chemical reagent, C.I. Leuco Sulphur Blue 15 is the perfect choice for your

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Direct green 1 is a reactive dye that is used as a colorant in textiles, paper, and paints. It has been shown to adsorb to metal hydroxides such as iron oxides. Direct green 1 is also used as an additive in detergents and other household products. The dye has been shown to be thermally stable and resistant to fading caused by light or washing. Direct green 1 is soluble in water and will react with citric acid, forming a complex that can be cross-linked with polyvinyl alcohol. The dye may also polymerize through the addition of a basic dye like phenolphthalein or potassium carbonate.

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C.I. Acid Black 94 is a colorant that is soluble in organic solvents and has a high boiling point. It is used as a diluent, solvent, or carrier for dyestuffs and surfactants in the textile industry. C.I. Acid Black 94 has been shown to be an effective thermal energy absorber when used with high concentrations of hydrocarbons in thermal energy applications. This compound is also used as an organic solvent in the manufacture of dyestuffs, resins, and surface-active agents. C.I. Acid Black 94 dissolves fatty acids and can eject them from their emulsion at constant temperature and pressure conditions.

Vat Blue 6 is a dyestuff that is soluble in water. It is used as a colorant and antioxidant in rubber, textiles, and oilfield drilling fluids. Vat Blue 6 is insoluble in organic solvents. The dye is used as a pigment for printing on paper, textiles, and plastics. Vat Blue 6 can be used to produce reactive dyes for cotton, silk, nylon, polyester, wool, or acrylic fibers. Vat Blue 6 has been shown to have excellent lubricating properties when dissolved in oils and fats. This dye also has an acidic pH of 2-3 with a melting point of about 220°F (104°C). Vat Blue 6 reacts with triazine to form cross-linking sulfur which stabilizes the polyester fiber during the production process.

C.I.Sulphur green 3 is a synthetic, water-soluble dye with a high degree of light resistance. It has been used as a colorant in detergent compositions, and can be used as a polymerization inhibitor in photopolymerizable compositions. C.I.Sulphur green 3 has also shown to have good detergency properties and bulk density at low concentrations. The dyestuff can be activated by exposure to ultraviolet light or heat, increasing the color intensity and light resistance of the dye. This compound is insoluble in both organic solvents and water, but soluble in strong alkaline solutions.br>br> C.I.Sulphur green 3 is an organic dye that belongs to the class of dyes called sulphonated naphthalenes, which are characterized by their sulfur content and their blue-green coloration under UV light or heat treatment. These compounds are insoluble in organic solvents but soluble in

Applications It is listed as a known human carcinogen. Used in manufacturing of dyes, as antioxidant in rubber. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Dong, Y., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 20, 4085 (2010), Vassiltsova, O., et al.: J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 10, 1635 (2010), Garcia-Lavandeira, J., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 397, 751 (2010),

Aniline blue is a dye that is used in microbiological testing. It is used to detect the presence of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, as well as to diagnose skin conditions. Aniline blue has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of bacteria and has been used in clinical studies to test for infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. The dye binds with nucleic acids, which prevents further synthesis of DNA, RNA, or protein. Aniline blue also reacts with carbonyl groups in proteins and light exposure can lead to cross-linking between amino acid residues, which can reduce its effectiveness against bacteria.

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Stability Moisture Sensitive Applications Fluorescent labeling reagent for proteins. Used in the fluorescent antibody technique for rapid identification of pathogens. Dyes and metabolites. References Riggs, H.J.L., et al.: Amer. J. Pathol., 34, 1081 (1958), Mann, K.G. and Fish, W.W., Methods in Enz., 26, 28 (1972),

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Stability Hygroscopic Applications 3-[N-(2-Carboxyethyl)methylamino]-7-[N-ethyl(3-sulfonatopropyl)amino]phenoxazin-5-ium sodium is a fluorescent dye for covalent labeling.

Disperse Violet 27 is a sodium carbonate dye that is used as a colorant in detergent compositions. Disperse Violet 27 has excellent film-forming properties and can be used in powder, granular, liquid, or paste form. It is insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers, and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Disperse Violet 27 has a low thermal expansion coefficient and good stability to pH changes. This dye also has an excellent lightfastness rating of I. Disperse Violet 27 is available in the form of technical grade dye content with an approximate particle size of 0.1 microns. br>

Vat Red 23 is a glycol ester that is used in the production of paints and coatings. It belongs to the group of fatty acid, particle, molecular modeling and has an acid complex carbonyl group. Vat Red 23 is made from triticum aestivum (wheat) and contains a hydroxyl group. The reaction product of this preparation with radiation provides benzimidazole derivatives with an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. These derivatives are aryl halides that have been shown to be reactive substrates for diazonium salts, which are used as photographic developers.

Methylthymol blue sodium salt (MTBS) is a dye that is used in complexometry.  It is typically used for determination of calcium and sulfate.  λmax of 438 nm; Solubility of 860g/L.Check application notes for our ACS strontium test procedure

Acid Red 252 (AR252) is a natural dye that is used as a colorant in textile dyeing and printing. This compound has a molecular weight of 212.2, a melting point of 137°C, and an acid value of 2-5. AR252 is soluble in organic solvents such as acetone, ethanol, ether, and chloroform. It can be polymerized with an initiator to make polymers for use as absorbers in radiation protection items such as goggles and aprons. Acid Red 252 also has hydrophobic properties that are favorable for use as a surfactant to stabilize emulsions or suspensions in water-based paints.

Vat Orange 3 is a reactive dye used in the production of polyester fibers. It has been classified as a triarylmethane dye and belongs to the group of vat dyes. Vat Orange 3 has three functional groups, an aromatic hydrocarbon, fatty acid, and hydroxyl group. The monomers are ethylene glycols and propionates. The polymerization initiator is sodium methoxide or potassium methoxide. The molecular weight is about 600 g/mol. Vat Orange 3 is an electrophotographic dye that reacts with metal hydroxides such as aluminium hydroxide to produce a bright orange coloration in the presence of light. It also exhibits fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet light at 350 nm (UV-A).

C.I. Acid Blue 3 is a synthetic, water-soluble dye that has been used in analytical chemistry for the detection of metal hydroxides and other metal ions. The dye can be activated by radiation or by heating to produce a bright blue color that is stable under acidic conditions. C.I. Acid Blue 3 has been shown to cause toxicity in animals, and may have potential carcinogenic effects in humans due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the brain. The molecular weight of this compound is approximately 464 g/mol and it has a molecular formula of C 18 H 20 N 2 NaO 7 S 2 .

Single isomer of 5(6)-ROX. It is a fluorescent dye used in RT-PCR methods as an internal reference to determine fluorescence variation that is not associated with the amplification process (plastic of the wells, small differences in concentration or volume, instrument measurements). It produces a constant fluorescence emission signal during the PCR process that is used to normalise the emission produced by the reporter. The fluorescence signal is compatible with that of most reporters. It is used to label the 5’ end of oligonucleotides as a reporter in the presence of a quencher at the 3’ end (dual labelled probe). During amplification, the dye is cleaved, and the fluorescence increases proportionally with the amount of the specific sequence amplified during the PCR process. The development of the fluorescence signal is therefore specifically related to the amplification of the target sequence. 6-ROX with NHS-activated carboxylic acids reacts with primary amines.

Solvent red 130 is a surfactant and hydroxyl-containing organic solvent. It is a colorless liquid that is soluble in water, alcohols, and glycols. Solvent red 130 can be used as an additive in the production of paints, plastics, and rubber. The hydroxyl group on the molecule allows it to react with amines to form polymers for use in photopolymerizable systems. Solvent red 130 also acts as a polymerization initiator when exposed to radiation or light. The skeleton of this molecule consists of a divalent hydrocarbon chain with a single bond between carbon atoms and two double bonds between carbons atoms. This class of molecules is known as polyols or polyhydric alcohols. Solvent Red 130 has been shown to bind with other substances such as cellulose acetate butyrate, which can be used as binder in coatings or adhesives.

Dye1500 is a polymerization initiator that emits light in the wavelength range of 1500-1600 nm. It is used as an optical, light source for fluorescence and viscosity measurements. Dye1500 has high fluorescence intensity, which can be used to detect bleeding and other defects in polymers. Dye1500 is also used as a radiation-sensitive component of polymer materials, such as polyester resins, epoxy resins, and polyurethanes. Dye1500 emits light at wavelengths that are not absorbed by polymer material. The emission wavelengths can be tuned by adjusting the molar ratio of the monomers during polymerization, which provides a means to control the properties of the resulting material.

Acid-base indicator dye, textile dye, histology and staining, yellow/red color

D-149Dye is a ruthenium complex that can be used as a marker for organic acids. It has been shown to be a sensitive and selective optical sensor for malonic acid, with no interference from other organic acids. D-149Dye has also been used in the development of an analytical method for determining the concentration of fatty acids in dairy products. The procedure involves measuring the amount of electrons generated by D-149Dye when exposed to light, which is proportional to the concentration of fatty acids present. This procedure is rapid and easy to use, with a sensitivity comparable to that of high-performance liquid chromatography.

Cloprednol is an anti-infective agent that belongs to the group of aziridine derivatives. It is a synthetic analog of prednisolone, which has been shown to inhibit the inflammatory response in the intestine. Cloprednol has been shown to be highly biocompatible and its long-term efficacy against microbial infection has been demonstrated by kinetic data. This drug also inhibits choroidal neovascularization, which is a major cause of blindness in patients with age-related macular degeneration. Cloprednol is used for the treatment of bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. It also has been shown to be effective in treating autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Martius Yellow is a yellow pigment that is soluble in organic solvents and water. It is a member of the hydroxyl group and has an intramolecular hydrogen. Martius Yellow can polymerize with other molecules to form polymers, which are insoluble in water. This dye is used as a food colouring agent and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties when injected into the cell cytoplasm. Martius Yellow has also been shown to protect against ischemia reperfusion injury in cells by preventing the release of nitric oxide. Martius Yellow can be synthesized from nitrobenzene and phenol using the analytical method called Tollens' reagent, which consists of mixing the two compounds together followed by adding concentrated sulfuric acid and then heating the solution until it turns yellow.

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Graphitized; Particle size 100-300 µm

5-Chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolone (CMIT) is a highly water-soluble apoptotic agent and preservative with numerous applications. It is used in anti-microbial coatings, latex formulations, hydraulic fracturing fluids, pesticides and cosmetics. CMIT in conjunction with 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT) is marketed as Kathon. CMIT is also an allergen. CMIT is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and fungi. CMIT is believed to form mixed disulfides with protein thiol groups which then undergo thiol-disulfide exchange reactions to give mixed protein thiol disulfides leading to cell apoptosis and necrosis.

Solvent Yellow 98 is a fluorescent dye that belongs to the class of organic solvents. It is used in a variety of applications, such as deionized water, emulsions, and fluorescent light. The Solvent Yellow 98 molecule consists of an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain with a cationic surfactant at one end. This surfactant is responsible for the fluorescence of this compound.

Solvent Blue 104 is a dye that is used as a cross-linking agent and viscosity regulator in polymers. It is also used to control the reaction rate of organic solvents, such as alcohols, esters, ethers, ketones, and nitriles. Solvent Blue 104 has phoretic properties that allow it to be transported through the environment. This property may be due to its hydroxyl group or carbonyl group. Solvent Blue 104 is not soluble in water but can dissolve in organic solvents such as alcohols and acetone. The compound exhibits low toxicity and adverse effects on the environment because it does not react with oxygen or ozone. Solvent Blue 104 is usually mixed with matrix polymers for optical applications, which are applied in textiles and plastics.

Reactive Blue 19 is a chemical compound that has been used extensively in biological, biochemical, and clinical research. It is a reactive dye with the chemical formula C20H14N2Na4O8S4. The molecule's structure consists of two benzene rings linked by two amine groups, which are connected to an aromatic ring with four sulfonic acid side chains. Reactive Blue 19 has been shown to inhibit the activity of enzymes such as hydroxylase and nitrite reductase. This compound also reacts with protocatechuic acid to form an intense blue-colored complex that can be detected using electrochemical detection.

C.I.Vat Yellow 2 is an organic solvent that is used in the formulation of sulfate solutions and additives for various industrial applications. It has been used as a diluent to prepare polycarboxylic acid, which is a reactive compound that can be thermally decomposed to produce polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). C.I.Vat Yellow 2 has shown mitochondrial membrane potential disruption in the presence of light exposure and high concentrations of potassium sulfate.

C.I. Vat green 2 is a synthetic dye that has been shown to have genotoxic potential and is therefore considered carcinogenic. It is soluble in water, but not in organic solvents such as acetone or chloroform. C.I. Vat green 2 can be used in the textile industry as a colorant for nylon fibers, polyester yarns, rayon fabrics, and acrylic fibers, among others. The stability of this dye depends on temperature and pH; it decomposes at temperatures above 120 °C and pH above 10. This compound is commonly used to produce an emerald green color when dissolved in water or alcohol with the help of an acidifier or base catalyst such as sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, or hydrogen peroxide.

CI Reactive Blue 203 is a reactive dye that changes color from blue to purple when heated. It is used in forensics, where it can be used to detect the presence of alkali metal ions. CI Reactive Blue 203 has been shown to react with fungal cells and peroxidase enzymes, yielding a violet color. This dye is also used as a surfactant, thickener, and vinyl stabilizer in textile production. CI Reactive Blue 203 has been shown to bind to antibodies and can be used for staining purposes in histology. This dye binds to methoxy groups on proteins and can be used for detection purposes in ELISA tests.

6a-Methyl prednisolone 21-acetate is a corticosteroid that binds to the glucocorticoid receptor, which regulates gene transcription. It has been used as an injection solution for bowel disease, but has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. 6a-Methyl prednisolone 21-acetate reduces the production of inflammatory cytokines and may be a useful treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 6a-Methyl prednisolone 21-acetate has also been shown to decrease inflammation in experimental models of tissue infection, such as sepsis in mice. This drug may be useful as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of sepsis in humans. 6a-Methyl prednisolone 21-acetate is not recommended for use in patients with congestive heart failure or severe kidney impairment because it can cause fluid retention and aggravation of these conditions.

Nonhydrolyzable fluorescent glucose analog used to monitor glucose uptake

Direct Red 28 is a dye that can be used in wastewater treatment. It can be adsorbed onto activated sludge, which reduces the amount of sludge needing to be treated. Direct Red 28 reacts with hydrogen peroxide to form a fluorescent derivative that has antimicrobial properties. Direct Red 28 also has been shown to have an effect on the enzyme activities of kidney bean extract and to inhibit the growth of bacteria in model systems. This dye is not toxic for body formation. However, it can react with potassium dichromate and hl-60 cells, which may lead to side effects such as skin irritation.

C.I.Disperse Orange 76 (CIDO76) is a photostable, fluorescent dye that is used as a particle marker in analytical chemistry and other fields. It has shown to be genotoxic and carcinogenic in animal models, but the clinical relevance of these findings is unclear. CIDO76 can be prepared by reacting amines with diazonium salt, which produces azo dyes. It is also used as an optical sensor for thermally activated reactions and can be detected using chromatographic methods. CIDO76 emits light at 675 nm when irradiated with ultraviolet light, which makes it useful for many applications including wastewater treatment and detection of model systems.

WST-8 is a key substrate that serves as a sensitive chromogenic indicator for NADH. WST-like substrates have been applied to measure activity of dehydrogenase enzyme activity and the oxidation of NADH using NADH oxidase.

C.I.Reactive Orange 4 is a synthetic dye that is used in the textile industry to give colors to fabrics. It is also used as an additive in foods, drugs, and cosmetics. C.I.Reactive Orange 4 is activated by UV irradiation and can be decomposed by wastewater treatment processes such as activated sludge and dyebath with hydrogen peroxide. HPLC analyses suggest that this dye is adsorbed on activated sludge surfaces and can be removed by adsorption kinetic techniques such as the use of a dyebath with hydrogen peroxide.

Tetrabromophenol blue is a model system for the study of the mechanism of action of protein-inhibiting drugs. It has been shown to inhibit cancer cells and human pathogens by binding to basic proteins in the cell membrane, thereby preventing their activity. Tetrabromophenol blue inhibits polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by acting as a competitive inhibitor with respect to DNA, and also inhibits fluorescein angiography by reducing the rate at which dye is taken up by cells. Tetrabromophenol blue binds to wild-type strains of bacteria and halts protein synthesis, but does not bind to mutant strains or human serum. This drug has been shown to be effective against hl-60 cells when used at physiological levels.

Chemiluminescence detection of biological residues

Blue dye in sample buffers for protein and DNA electrophoresis; pH indicator

Direct Red 79 is a red fluorescent dye that is used in textile and leather production, paper coating, and for coloration of paper. It is also used in the production of optical brighteners, which are reactive compounds that absorb light and then emit light of longer wavelengths. Direct Red 79 is synthesized by the condensation reaction of acetyl chloride with o-aminophenol. The product has an absorption maximum at 603 nm and a fluorescence emission maximum at 659 nm. This dye reacts with copper complexes to produce a blue light emission when excited with ultraviolet radiation.

Stability Light Sensitive Applications Anti-infective (topical). Has been used as anthelmintic (Nematodes). Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Hodge, H.C., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 22, 1 (1972), Docampo, R., et al.: Drug Metab. Rev., 22, 161 (1990),

Oxonol Yellow K is a c6 alkyl-substituted ethylene-oxide monomer that absorbs UV radiation and initiates the polymerization of ethylene. It is used in the production of plates, which are used in lithographic printing. Oxonol Yellow K is an organic solvent that has acidic properties. The addition of oxonol yellow k to acidic solutions such as hydrochloric acid initiates the polymerization of ethylene glycol. The absorption spectrum for this compound exhibits maxima at wavelengths  ≈ 360 nm and  ≈ 460 nm with a peak at about 400 nm.

Solvent Violet 9 is a dye that has antimicrobial activity. It is used in diagnostic tests for infectious diseases and eye disorders. Solvent Violet 9 has shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. This dye binds to fatty acids found on the surface of corneal endothelial cells and prevents bacterial attachment. Diazonium salt is used to synthesize this dye, which can be hydrolyzed by hydrochloric acid to form hydrogen bond with benzalkonium chloride. The absorption enhancer enhances the color of this dye when it is applied to clothing or other materials. The binding constants for this dye have been measured using an experimental technique called spectrophotometry. This dye also has anti-inflammatory properties due to its ability to bind with antimicrobial peptides and inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in inflammatory diseases such as rhizoma gastrodiae.

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Pigment Red 13 is a diazonium salt that is used as a cross-linking agent in the preparation of substrate film. It is also utilized as an electrophotographic developer for high detection of molecules and has a viscosity of 5,000 cps. Pigment Red 13 has a hydroxyl group with a diameter of 0.5 nm and low energy radiation with particle size of 25 nm. Pigment Red 13 contains functional groups such as carboxylic acid and amide, which are cationic surfactants.

Pinakryptol Yellow is a carbocyanine dye. It is soluble in organic solvents and is used as a fluorescent probe for the detection of chloride in water. Pinakryptol Yellow has been shown to be sensitive to light exposure, with its fluorescence decreasing with increasing exposure. This compound absorbs ultraviolet radiation, which leads to excitation of the electrons and subsequent emission of visible light at a lower wavelength. The hydroxy group on the benzimidazole ring is responsible for this fluorescence. Pinakryptol Yellow also reacts with silver ions to form fluorescent silver complexes that can be detected using an electron microscope or by uv absorption spectroscopy. These reactions are dependent upon the presence of chloride ions, which are present in tap water and seawater but not pure water.

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5-(6)-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) is a fluorescent dye that is used as a probe for DNA-based analysis. It binds to the 5' end of dsDNA, forming an intrastrand duplex. The fluorescence of TAMRA increases when it binds to dsDNA and can be used as a measure of the amount of DNA in a sample. TAMRA has been shown to be useful in the diagnosis of bowel disease and in the investigation of gene expression during body formation. This dye is also used as a marker for covalent linkages and high molecular weight proteins such as cyclin D2.

Reactive black 39 is a benzalkonium chloride molecule that penetrates bacterial cell walls and reacts with the hydroxy groups, resulting in the formation of a reactive intermediate. This intermediate interacts with other molecules on the surface of bacteria, leading to the production of oxygen radicals. The radical initiates reactions such as oxidation and nitration, which damage the DNA and proteins in the cell. Reactive black 39 is used as a conditioning agent for wastewater treatment because it can be used to remove organic matter and heavy metals from wastewater. It also has been shown to have interactive effects with methyl glycine when treating water contaminated with phenols.