Antimicrobianos

Broad-spectrum antibiotic; bacterial cell wall biogenesis inhibitor

Selective and potent inhibitor of sialidases (neuraminidases) in influenza A and B viruses. The compound binds tightly to the viral neuraminidase active site in late stages of viral life-cycle. It inhibits shedding sialic acids from host cell surface glycans, which interact with viral hemagglutinin, and consequently prevents release of new viral particles from the host cell surface.

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Cefmenoxime hydrochloride is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating gynecological and obstetric infections.

Bromobutide-desbromo is a chemical compound that functions as a selective herbicide. It is derived from synthetic sources and is specifically formulated to interfere with photosynthesis in target plants. The mode of action of bromobutide-desbromo involves inhibiting photosystem II, a crucial component of the photosynthetic electron transport chain in plants. This inhibition disrupts the energy conversion process, leading to a decrease in ATP and NADPH production, which are essential for plant growth. Bromobutide-desbromo is primarily utilized in agricultural settings to manage and control the growth of unwanted broadleaf and grassy weeds. Its application is critical in optimizing crop yields by reducing competition for nutrients, light, and space. With its selective action, this compound targets undesirable vegetation with minimal impact on the surrounding non-target plants, offering a precise and effective weed management solution. As an expert scientist, understanding the specific interactions and efficacy of bromobutide-desbromo will facilitate the development of sustainable agricultural practices and contribute to integrated weed management strategies.

Pentosan polysulfate is a semi-synthetic polysaccharide, which is derived from xylan, sourced from beechwood hemicellulose. It functions as a heparin-like compound with anticoagulant and fibrinolytic properties. Its sulfated polysaccharide form allows it to adhere to the urothelium of the bladder, forming a protective layer that can prevent irritating solutes in urine from reaching bladder cells. Through this mechanism, it mitigates the pain and discomfort associated with interstitial cystitis (IC), a chronic condition characterized by bladder pain and urinary urgency. The primary use of pentosan polysulfate is in the management of interstitial cystitis, where its ability to restore defects in the bladder's glycosaminoglycan layer provides symptomatic relief. Additionally, it has shown potential in addressing certain other conditions, such as osteoarthritis, due to its anti-inflammatory properties, although these applications require further research for clinical validation. As a pharmaceutical agent, it is crucial in offering a therapeutic option to improve the quality of life for patients with chronic urinary bladder disorders.

Applications Pentachlorophenol-13C6 is the labeled form of Pentachlorophenol (P238100), which is used as insecticide for terminate control; pre-harvest defoliant; general herbicide. Antimicrobial preservative and fungicide for wood, wood products, starches, textiles, paints, adhesives, leather, pulp, paper, industrial waste systems, building materials. Surface disinfectant.This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Gaines, T.B., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 14, 515 (1969),

Aminosidine is a nucleoside analogue that inhibits the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and the integrase, which are enzymes involved in viral DNA synthesis. Aminosidine is active against Leishmania spp., but not against bacteria. Aminosidine has been shown to be effective in experimental models of human bowel disease and in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. It was also found to be active against wild-type strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, but not resistant mutants. The mechanism of action is the inhibition of cellular mitochondrial membrane potential.

Inhibitor of protein synthesis; aminoglycoside

Ofloxacin Q acid is a quinolone analog, which is a synthetic derivative known for its significant antibacterial properties. This compound is sourced from the chemical synthesis of fluoroquinolone derivatives, designed to enhance reactivity and efficacy in pharmaceutical applications. Ofloxacin Q acid acts by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes critical for DNA replication, transcription, and repair, thereby leading to the cessation of bacterial growth and replication. The primary usage of Ofloxacin Q acid is in the development and study of antibacterial agents. Its capacity to inhibit crucial bacterial enzymes makes it an essential component in the research and development of therapies aimed at treating bacterial infections. The compound's stability under acidic conditions and its ability to resist bacterial mutations further emphasize its potential as a subject in pharmaceutical research. This makes Ofloxacin Q acid a valuable tool in understanding bacterial resistance mechanisms and designing next-generation antibacterial drugs.

Applications (4bS)-trans-8,8-Trimethyl-4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydro-1-isopropylphenanthren-2-ol is a naturally occurring diterpene that exhibits potent antimicrobial activity. References Tian, M., et al.: Records of Natural Products, 14, 219 (2020)

Omomycin is a novel antibiotic, specifically a macrolide, which is derived from microbial sources, primarily soil-dwelling actinomycetes. Its mode of action involves inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. This interaction prevents the translocation of peptides during translation, thereby halting bacterial growth and proliferation. The primary uses and applications of Omomycin are in the treatment of multi-drug resistant bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Gram-positive pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. It has shown efficacy in overcoming resistance associated with traditional antibiotics and has been studied for its potential role in addressing healthcare-associated infections. The ongoing development and research into Omomycin focus on its pharmacokinetics, dosing regimens, and long-term safety profile in various clinical settings.

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Validamycin E is an antifungal antibiotic, which is a secondary metabolite derived from the actinobacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of trehalase, an enzyme crucial for the hydrolysis of trehalose into glucose, disrupting essential energy pathways in fungi. By inhibiting trehalase, Validamycin E effectively interferes with the growth and development of fungal pathogens. This compound is primarily used in agriculture to control and manage plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi, such as Rhizoctonia solani. It is particularly employed in crops like rice, vegetables, and fruit trees, where it helps in mitigating the impact of fungal infections on productivity and crop quality. Validamycin E's specific action against trehalase ensures a targeted approach, reducing the risk of harmful effects on non-target organisms, making it an invaluable tool in integrated pest management systems. Its application contributes to sustainable agricultural practices, supporting both the protection of crops and the preservation of ecological balance.

Anti-fungal; sterol demethylase inhibitor

3-(2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-imidazolidinedione is a synthetic compound, which is a derivative of imidazolidinedione. It is primarily characterized as an antifungal agent with broad-spectrum activity against various fungal species. Its mode of action involves disrupting the synthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes. This disruption leads to increased membrane permeability and ultimately, cell death. The efficacy of this compound is attributed to its ability to inhibit the growth of pathogens by targeting critical pathways necessary for fungal survival. Used extensively in the field of medicinal chemistry, its applications include the treatment of fungal infections in both clinical and agricultural settings. This compound's selectivity for fungal cells, while sparing mammalian cells, underscores its significance in developing antifungal therapies. Researchers continue to explore its potential in addressing drug-resistant fungal strains, making it a subject of ongoing study within pharmaceutical and agricultural research domains.

Applications β-Costol is a component in essential oil from plant extract and exhibits antibacterial and antifungal activities References Suleimen, E.M., et al.: Chem. Natural Compds., 55, 154 (2019);Doungchawee, J., et al.: Chemistry and Biodiversity, 16, (2019);Gandhi, A.S., et al.: Am. J. Pharm.Tech. Res., 8, 189 (2018);

BMS 806 is used as an anti-viral agent. It has been shown to inhibit the replication of HIV. BMS 806 inhibits viral life by binding to the surface glycoproteins and inhibiting viral entry into cells. The drug also inhibits viral replication by preventing DNA transcription and translation. BMS 806 is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Gentamicin B is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterium Micromonospora. This derivative exhibits its mode of action by binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, disrupting protein synthesis. As a result, it causes misreading of mRNA, ultimately leading to cell death, thereby exhibiting bactericidal effects. Gentamicin B is commonly employed in the treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and Escherichia coli. It is particularly useful in healthcare settings for severe systemic infections, such as those affecting the respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin, and soft tissues. Due to its potent activity, it is often reserved for situations where other antibiotics might be ineffective. Additionally, its use is monitored carefully to avoid potential nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, common side effects associated with aminoglycosides. Thus, Gentamicin B plays a critical role in the antibiotic arsenal, particularly in hospital settings dealing with resistant bacterial strains.

Virginiamycin - Complex of M1+S1 is an antibiotic compound, which is derived from the actinobacterium Streptomyces virginiae. It functions through the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, thereby obstructing peptide bond formation and impeding microbial growth. The complex is composed of two major components: Virginiamycin M1 and Virginiamycin S1, which synergistically enhance antimicrobial efficacy. In scientific applications, Virginiamycin is utilized extensively as a growth promoter in livestock, owing to its ability to improve feed efficiency and weight gain. It is also employed in veterinary medicine to treat and prevent infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, including some resistant strains. Additionally, its use extends to industrial fermentation processes as an agent to maintain selective conditions and enhance yield. Despite its benefits, the rise of antibiotic resistance necessitates careful management of Virginiamycin usage to mitigate potential impacts on human health.

Steffimycin B is an anthracycline antibiotic, which is a metabolite produced by certain Streptomyces species. This compound functions by intercalating into DNA, thereby inhibiting the synthesis of nucleic acids and disrupting essential cellular processes. Its mode of action involves preventing the replication and transcription of bacterial DNA, leading to cell death. Steffimycin B has been primarily explored for its antibiotic properties, particularly in research settings for its potential to combat specific bacterial infections. Additionally, its structural similarities to other anthracyclines suggest potential use in studying mechanisms of drug resistance and interactions with DNA. Further investigation may reveal additional therapeutic applications or synergistic effects in combination with other antimicrobial agents.

Sulfadiazine is a sulfonamide antibiotic with action on bacterial folate synthesis inhibition and is used for treating toxoplasmosis and urinary tract infections.

Applications Anti-infective (topical). Antimicrobial.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants; Heat processing contaminants References Morris, et al.: Cancer Res., 29, 2145 (1969), Sanderson, H., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 144, 383 (2003),

Apramycin sulfate is a semisynthetic antibiotic that inhibits the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. It is a sulfonamide and has been used in clinical isolates to treat bacterial infections. Apramycin sulfate inhibits the biosynthesis of folic acid, which is important for DNA synthesis and cell division. It also inhibits the production of RNA by binding to ribosomes and inhibiting protein synthesis. Apramycin has been shown to have anticancer properties as well, with studies showing that it can inhibit tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.

Gentamicin C1a pentaacetate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derivative, which is synthesized through the acetylation of the hydroxyl groups in gentamicin C1a. This compound is derived from the fermentation products of Micromonospora species, a genus of actinobacteria. Its mode of action is similar to that of standard aminoglycosides, primarily involving the binding to bacterial 30S ribosomal subunits. This binding interferes with protein synthesis by causing misreading of mRNA, ultimately leading to the inhibition of protein production and bacterial cell death. In scientific research, Gentamicin C1a pentaacetate is utilized in studies focusing on antibiotic resistance mechanisms, structure-activity relationships, and the development of new derivative antibiotics. Its modified structure offers opportunities to explore variations in bacterial susceptibility and efflux mechanisms. Understanding such interactions is vital for the design of potent antibiotic candidates and combating resistant bacterial strains. Given the growing concern over antibiotic resistance, studies involving Gentamicin C1a pentaacetate contribute to a broader comprehension of aminoglycoside modifications and their potential applications in clinical and laboratory settings.

Inducer of apoptosis; translational inhibitor; aminonucleoside antibiotic

Rifaximin is a rifamycin antibiotic with action on bacterial RNA polymerase to inhibit transcription and is used for treating travelers' diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and hepatic encephalopathy.

Homoembelin is a chemical compound that is classified as a natural product alkaloid, which is derived from specific plant sources, notably the fruit of the plant Embelia ribes. It operates through a variety of biochemical interactions at the molecular level, including the inhibition of specific enzymes and modulation of signaling pathways. This mode of action has garnered interest due to its potential effects in various therapeutic contexts. The uses and applications of Homoembelin have been a subject of scientific investigation, particularly in the areas of traditional medicine and pharmacology. Researchers are exploring its potential as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer agent. Consequently, it has been a topic of numerous studies seeking to understand its efficacy and safety profiles. The exploration of its modes of action and biological activities continues to provide insights into possible therapeutic applications, making it a compound of considerable interest within the scientific community.

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Descarbamylnovobiocin is a synthetic derivative of the antibiotic novobiocin, which is originally sourced from Streptomyces species. As a derivative, it modifies certain structural elements of the parent compound to potentially enhance or alter its antimicrobial properties. Its mode of action is primarily through the inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, essential enzymes for DNA replication and cell division. By impeding these enzymes, descarbamylnovobiocin disrupts the supercoiling of bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting bacterial growth and proliferation. Due to its activity against a range of Gram-positive bacteria, including resistant strains, descarbamylnovobiocin is primarily used in research settings to study bacterial resistance mechanisms and the development of new antibacterial agents. It provides a valuable tool for understanding the nuances of antimicrobial activity and resistance, aiding the development of next-generation antibiotics. Its applications are critical in microbiology and pharmacology research, where understanding resistance mechanisms and finding alternative therapeutic pathways are ongoing scientific challenges.

Aureothricin is a dithiolopyrrolone antibiotic and is used for its antimicrobial properties. It inhibits transcription in bacteria, leading to growth inhibition

Fosravuconazole L-lysine ethanolate is an antifungal prodrug, which is a derivative of the widely used antifungal agent ravuconazole. This compound is synthesized through chemical modification to enhance its bioavailability and aqueous solubility, addressing limitations found in its parent compound. Fosravuconazole is designed to undergo in vivo conversion to ravuconazole, its active form, by enzymatic processes within the body. Fosravuconazole L-lysine ethanolate exhibits potent antifungal activity through its mechanism of inhibiting the enzyme lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51). This enzyme is crucial in the biosynthesis of ergosterol, an essential component of fungal cell membranes. Inhibition of this pathway results in impaired cell membrane formation and, ultimately, cell death. The primary use of Fosravuconazole L-lysine ethanolate is in the treatment of various systemic fungal infections, particularly those caused by Candida and Aspergillus species. It is researched for its use in both immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised patients, highlighting its potential in treating invasive mycoses with a favorable safety profile.

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Applications Thieno[3,2-c]pyridinium compounds used as antimicrobial agents.

Telavancin is a lipoglycopeptide antibiotic, which is a semi-synthetic derivative of vancomycin. Its source is derived through modifications of the glycopeptide antibiotic, specifically aimed to enhance antibacterial activity. Telavancin functions by inhibiting cell wall synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It does this by binding to the D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of cell wall precursors, disrupting peptidoglycan polymerization and, consequently, cell wall integrity. Additionally, Telavancin increases membrane permeability and disrupts membrane potential, further enhancing its bactericidal activity. Telavancin is primarily used in clinical settings for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSIs) and hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP) caused by susceptible Gram-positive organisms. Due to its potent activity against resistant strains, it is an important option in treating serious infections where other antibiotics may fail. Given its specific mechanism of action and spectrum, Telavancin should be used based on susceptibility data and in accordance with clinical guidelines to optimize therapeutic outcomes and mitigate resistance development.

Terbinafine is an antifungal drug that is used in the treatment of dermatophyte infections of the toenails and fingernails. Terbinafine also treats other skin infections. This drug works by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis which in return inhibits fungal squalene monooxygenase. This results in a disruption of fungal cell wall synthesis. Terbinafine HCl is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Famciclovir-d4 is a deuterium-labeled antiviral nucleoside analog, which is a synthetic derivative of the guanine analog famciclovir. This compound is sourced through advanced chemical synthesis where deuterium atoms replace specific hydrogen atoms, providing an isotopic label that aids in the tracking and analysis of the pharmaceutical compound within biological systems. Famciclovir-d4 functions primarily by inhibiting viral DNA replication. Upon administration, it is rapidly converted into its active form, penciclovir, inside the host organism. Penciclovir selectively targets and inhibits viral DNA polymerase, thereby disrupting the replication of viral DNA and curbing the proliferation of herpes viruses within the host cells. The main applications of Famciclovir-d4 are in pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies, serving as a critical tool for understanding the biochemical pathways and the in vivo dynamics of famciclovir. Its use enables researchers to study the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of the drug with enhanced precision, contributing to insights into dosage formulation and therapeutic efficacy.

Applications L-xylo-2-Hexulosonic Acid Hydrate is the direct precursor of vitamin C (A786990); a physiological antioxidant and coenzyme for a number of hydroxylation reactions. Required for collagen synthesis and widely distributed in plants and animals. Inadequate intake results in deficiency syndromes such as scurvy. Also used as an antimicrobial and antioxidant in foodstuffs. References Gao, L., et al.: Metab. Eng., 24, 30 (2014); Al-Meshal, I.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 11, 45 (1982); Levine, M., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 314, 892 (1986); Prust, C., et al.: Nature Biotech., 23, 195 (2005)

Dimoxystrobin-5-benzoic acid is a chemical fungicide, which is a synthetic compound derived from the strobilurin class of fungicides. It functions by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration in fungi, specifically blocking the electron transfer at the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex. This mode of action disrupts energy production in fungal cells, thereby curbing their growth and proliferation. This fungicide is primarily utilized in agriculture for protecting crops from a variety of fungal diseases. Its efficacy in managing pathogens on cereals, fruits, and vegetables makes it an essential tool in integrated pest management strategies. Laboratory studies and field trials have demonstrated its effectiveness in increasing crop yields by minimizing disease impact. Furthermore, Dimoxystrobin-5-benzoic acid is often favored for its protective properties and ability to prevent spore germination. As resistance management is a critical concern, this fungicide's unique biochemical action offers an advantage in rotating with other products to mitigate the risk of resistance development in target fungal populations.

Raltegravir is an antiretroviral agent used for the treatment of HIV infections in conjunction with other antiretrovirals. It inhibits the activity of HIV-1 integrase, which impedes the insertion of HIV-1 DNA into the host cell genome. Raltegravir also inhibits resistant mutants of HIV-1 that are associated with disease activity and progression. Raltegravir is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Vancomycin aglycon is a glycopeptide antibiotic, which is a derivative of vancomycin. It is sourced from the fermentation products of certain Amycolatopsis species, a genus of actinobacteria. The mode of action of vancomycin aglycon involves the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It specifically binds to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of nascent peptidoglycan chains, thereby preventing the cross-linking that is crucial for maintaining cell wall integrity. This compound is primarily used in research to explore the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and cell wall biosynthesis in Gram-positive bacteria. Its applications extend to studies aiming to develop novel derivatives with improved activity against resistant strains. As vancomycin resistance continues to pose a challenge in clinical settings, vancomycin aglycon and its derivatives hold potential in advancing our understanding of antibiotic interactions and aiding the development of more effective antibacterial therapies.

Herbicidin H is a naturally occurring microbial herbicide, which is derived from specific strains of soil-borne bacteria. This compound is primarily isolated from Streptomyces species, known for their prolific production of various bioactive secondary metabolites. The mode of action of Herbicidin H involves the disruption of essential cellular processes within plant cells, particularly affecting nucleic acid synthesis. This disruption leads to impaired growth and eventual plant death, making it a potent agent against a range of undesirable plant species. In scientific applications, Herbicidin H holds promise for advancing sustainable agriculture practices. Its ability to selectively target and inhibit the growth of weeds without affecting non-target organisms presents a valuable tool for integrated pest management strategies. Researchers are particularly interested in its potential to reduce reliance on synthetic chemical herbicides, thereby minimizing environmental impact and the development of resistant weed populations. Studies continue to explore its efficacy and safety profile, aiming to optimize its use across various agroecological settings.

Applications 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline is a reagent in the synthesis of tetrahydroquinoline sensitizers used for dye-sensitized solar cells. 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline is also a reagent in the preparation of tetra- and pentacyclic derivatives of phenothiazinium photosensitizers which are used as photoantimicrobial agents. References Hao, Y., et al.: Tetrahedron, 68, 552 (2012); Wainwright, M., et al.: Dyes Pigments, 91, 1 (2011)

Oxacillin sodium is a beta-lactam antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating infections caused by penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Ceftaroline fosamil is an advanced antibiotic, which is a cephalosporin derived from synthetic sources with a broad spectrum of activity. It is a prodrug that, once metabolized, becomes active in the body, binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of bacteria. This binding inhibits the proteins responsible for cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial cell lysis and death. The uses of Ceftaroline fosamil are primarily focused on the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). It is particularly effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other multidrug-resistant organisms. Ceftaroline fosamil's enhanced binding affinity to PBPs, especially PBP2a found in resistant strains, makes it a crucial asset in combating serious and resistant bacterial infections. Its clinical applications are pivotal in settings where resistance to traditional antibiotics poses significant therapeutic challenges, thus providing an effective alternative for healthcare professionals facing such issues. As antibiotic resistance remains a critical concern in medical science, Ceftaroline fosamil's role continues to be of high interest and relevance.

Mezlocillin sodium is a sodium salt form of mezlocillin with similar action and applications as mezlocillin.

Cefepime dihydrochloride monohydrate is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic utilized in scientific research, specifically formulated for culture media applications. It is derived from semi-synthetic processes, showcasing a broad spectrum of activity predominantly against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The mode of action of cefepime involves the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, which interferes with peptidoglycan cross-linking, ultimately leading to cell lysis and death. In microbiological research settings, cefepime dihydrochloride monohydrate is employed to create selective culture media that supports the growth of desired microorganisms while inhibiting contaminants. It is particularly valuable in isolating and identifying resistant strains, as well as studying microbial interactions and antibiotic susceptibility. The precise and controlled use of cefepime in culture media enhances the reliability of experimental outcomes by providing a sterile environment, allowing researchers to explore various aspects of bacteriology with greater accuracy and efficiency.

Triclosan methyl-d3 ether is a labeled compound, which is a derivative of triclosan, commonly sourced from synthetic chemical synthesis involving deuterium incorporation. It serves as a stable isotope-labeled analog, specifically created to aid in the study of triclosan's metabolic pathways. The incorporation of deuterium atoms allows for precise tracking within biological systems using analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry. This approach enables researchers to differentiate the labeled compound from its naturally occurring counterpart effectively. Triclosan methyl-d3 ether is primarily utilized in scientific research related to pharmacokinetics, environmental impact assessment, and toxicology. It provides vital insights into the bioavailability, biodegradation, and potential environmental persistence of triclosan. Additionally, its use extends to studying triclosan's interaction with biological targets, aiding in the elucidation of its biochemical mechanisms and potential health implications. Despite being crucial in investigative studies, its applications remain confined to research settings, highlighting its role as a pivotal tool for advancing scientific understanding.

Ciclopirox is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that is used to treat onychomycosis of fingernails and toenails in immunocomprised patients. Ciclopirox has been shown to work by binding to polyvalent metal cations such Al3+ and Fe3+. These cations interfere with cellular processes including mitochondrial electron transport and energy synthesis by inhibiting numerous enzymes, including cytochromes. Additionally, the plasma membrane of fungi appears to be altered by ciclopirox as well, leading to the disorder of internal structures. Ciclopirox olamine is part of our Bio-X ™ Range. These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work. With a solubility datasheet and convenient vials, all of our Bio-X ™ products are in stock across our global warehouses for rapid delivery and ease of use.

Azaconazole is a systemic fungicide, which is derived from synthetic chemical processes, specifically within the class of triazoles. This compound functions by interfering with the biosynthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. By inhibiting the cytochrome P450 enzyme 14α-demethylase, azaconazole disrupts the production of ergosterol, thereby compromising membrane integrity and inhibiting fungal growth. Azaconazole is primarily used in agricultural settings to control and prevent fungal diseases across a variety of crops, including cereals, fruits, and ornamental plants. Its efficacy against a broad spectrum of pathogens, such as powdery mildew, rusts, and leaf spot, underscores its significance in integrated pest management strategies. Additionally, due to its systemic nature, azaconazole is absorbed by plant tissues, providing protective action throughout the plant. By maintaining optimal plant health and productivity, azaconazole plays a crucial role in sustainable agricultural practices.

Ceftizoxime alapivoxil is a prodrug antibiotic, which is derived from ceftizoxime, a third-generation cephalosporin. This semi-synthetic source enables the compound to effectively combat a wide range of bacterial infections by improving oral bioavailability compared to its parent compound. Once administered, ceftizoxime alapivoxil is metabolized in the body to release ceftizoxime, which exerts its antibacterial activity by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) on bacterial cell walls. This binding action inhibits the transpeptidation step critical for cell wall synthesis, leading to cell lysis and bacterial death. The applications of ceftizoxime alapivoxil are primarily in the treatment of various infections caused by susceptible bacterial strains, including those of the respiratory tract, urinary tract, and skin. Its effectiveness against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria makes it a valuable agent in clinical settings. Scientists are particularly interested in its capacity to treat challenging infections where traditional antibiotics face resistance, highlighting its potential role in the ongoing battle against antimicrobial resistance. The study of ceftizoxime alapivoxil’s pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics continues to shed light on its utility and optimization in therapeutic regimens.

Enrofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic with action on bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and is used for treating bacterial infections in animals.

Applications Labelled Isopropylparaben. An antimicrobial agent used in cosmetic products. References Gilliland, D., et al.: J. Appl. Bacteriol., 72, 258 (1992), Routledge, E., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 153, 12 (1998), Miller, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 272, 32824 (1997), Nakagawa, Y., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 55, 1907 (1998),

Applications Benzyltriphenylphosphonium Chloride was used as a reagent in the organic synthesis of several compounds including that of stabilised phosphonium ylides containing saturated oxygen heterocycles. Also used in the synthesis of novel substituted cis-stilbene derivatives which display antimicrobial activity. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Aitken, R., et al.: Org. Biomol. Chem., 14, 1794 (2016); Jain, D., et al.: World J. Pharm. Sci., 4, 1473 (2015);

Acetylspiramycin - Mixture of components is a derivative of spiramycin and is used as an antibiotic.

Ceftriaxone disodium hemiheptahydrate is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, which is a semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C. This compound is sourced from the fungus Acremonium, which is known for its role in deriving crucial β-lactam antibiotics. Ceftriaxone acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, specifically targeting the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). This action disrupts peptidoglycan cross-linking, leading to bacterial cell lysis and death. The primary applications of ceftriaxone include the treatment of severe or life-threatening forms of bacterial infections such as meningitis, septicemia, and pneumonia. Its broad-spectrum activity covers a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Ceftriaxone's extended half-life allows for once-daily dosing, making it particularly useful in clinical settings where adherence to a multi-dose regimen is challenging. Its pharmacokinetics and spectrum make it a preferred choice in empirical therapy while awaiting culture and sensitivity results. As with all antibiotics, judicious use is essential to mitigate the development of antimicrobial resistance.

Streptomycin sulfate is an antibiotic that inhibits the growth of bacteria by binding to the ribosomal subunit and interfering with protein synthesis. It is used in culture media for the production of human antibodies as well as in drug therapy for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus. Streptomycin sulfate has a high specific activity and low sensitivity, but it also has a low solubility in water. The active form of streptomycin sulfate is streptomycin A, which is produced by the addition of a phenyl ring to neomycin sulfate. In plant roots, streptomycin sulfate inhibits cyanogenic glycosides from being hydrolyzed into hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and benzaldehyde.

Potent antiviral against HCMV and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

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Pristinamycin is a streptogramin antibiotic with action on bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit and is used for treating staphylococcal and streptococcal infections, including MRSA.