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Sodium taurolithocholate is a bile acid derivative, which is synthesized from taurine and lithocholic acid. It is derived from bile acids primarily found in the bile of mammals, where they play a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of lipids. The mode of action involves its function as an emulsifying agent, disrupting lipid membranes and facilitating the micellar solubilization of lipids. This biochemical property allows it to be used extensively in physiological and pharmacological research. In scientific research, sodium taurolithocholate is primarily employed to study bile acid transport and metabolism, liver function, and the role of bile in lipid digestion. It is also utilized in investigations of cellular signaling pathways and the mechanisms of drug action and toxicity, making it a valuable tool for understanding liver diseases and disorders associated with bile acid dysregulation. By providing insights into these complex biological processes, sodium taurolithocholate contributes to the advancement of both basic and applied biomedical research.

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a bile acid derivative, which is synthesized endogenously in the human body as a liver metabolite. It originates from the conjugation of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) with taurine, which enhances its solubility and biological activity. TUDCA functions primarily by inhibiting apoptosis and reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress within cells. It achieves this by mitigating the accumulation of misfolded proteins and enhancing proper protein folding, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis. Taurioursodeoxycholic acid is commonly employed in research focused on hepatoprotection, as it has demonstrated efficacy in ameliorating liver conditions such as cholestasis. Furthermore, its applications extend to studies on neurodegenerative diseases due to its cytoprotective properties, which help prevent neuronal cell death. With its broad spectrum of potential therapeutic benefits, TUDCA continues to be an area of significant interest in both basic and applied biomedical sciences.

(3a,5b,7a)-3,7-Dihydroxy-12-oxo-cholan-24-oic acid is a bile acid derivative, which is a type of naturally occurring steroid acid found predominantly in the bile of mammals. Bile acids play a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of lipids in the small intestine. This compound is synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, where it functions in the emulsification of dietary fats. The mechanism of action of (3a,5b,7a)-3,7-Dihydroxy-12-oxo-cholan-24-oic acid involves the reduction of cholesterol levels by converting cholesterol into bile acids, which are then excreted. This conversion not only aids lipid digestion but also regulates cholesterol homeostasis. The compound may also interact with farnesoid X receptors (FXR), influencing liver metabolism and detoxification processes. This bile acid derivative finds applications in scientific research related to liver function, cholesterol management, and potentially in pharmacological therapy for liver diseases such as primary biliary cholangitis. Its biochemical properties allow it to serve as a substrate for investigating metabolic processes and liver health.

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium is a bile acid derivative, which is naturally sourced from the bile of mammals. It is synthesized by conjugating chenodeoxycholic acid with taurine, resulting in its sodium salt form. The primary mode of action of taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium involves its role in the emulsification and absorption of dietary fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the intestines. Additionally, it acts on the liver, where it enhances bile flow and exhibits hepatoprotective properties by modulating bile acid composition and reducing cytotoxicity. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid sodium is utilized extensively in scientific research and therapeutic applications related to liver health. Its role in altering bile composition makes it valuable for studying liver diseases and cholestatic conditions. Moreover, its hepatoprotective effects are of interest in developing potential treatments for liver disorders, including primary biliary cholangitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Researchers also explore its properties for possible benefits in metabolic and gastrointestinal studies, leveraging its biochemical activities to understand and potentially mitigate various digestive and hepatic pathologies.

Cholesterol metabolite and bile component

Glycodeoxycholic acid sodium salt is a bile acid derivative, which is a biochemical compound sourced from the metabolism of bile acids in the liver. It plays a role in bile acid signaling pathways and lipid emulsification. The mode of action involves mimicking natural bile acids, facilitating the emulsification and absorption of dietary fats in the gastrointestinal tract, and potentially participating in signaling pathways that regulate cholesterol metabolism. This compound is utilized in various research applications, notably in studies focused on lipid metabolism, absorption, and bile acid transport processes. Researchers may explore its effects on cholesterol homeostasis, its role in metabolic disorders, and its potential influence on drug transport and metabolism. Its properties make it a valuable tool for elucidating mechanisms of bile acid-related signaling and its implications in health and disease.

Bile salts are intestinal natural detergents, their main function is to act as detergent in the digestive processes. The major action of a bile salt is to emulsify fats and oils. Bile salts are used in bacteriological culture media as selective inhibitory agent. Enteric bacteria are resistant to the bactericidal effects of bile salts. Anionic detergent used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins.

Glycoursodeoxycholic acid sodium salt is a synthetic bile acid derivative, which is the sodium salt form of glycoursodeoxycholic acid. It originates from the conjugation of ursodeoxycholic acid with glycine, forming a bile acid with enhanced solubility and potential hepatoprotective properties. Its mode of action involves modulation of bile acid pools and the stabilization of hepatocyte membranes, possibly reducing cytotoxic bile acids and improving liver function. This compound finds use in research exploring liver diseases, as it may offer insights into managing cholestatic conditions, and potentially aid in ameliorating liver injury. Additionally, its role in analyzing the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids makes it a valuable tool for scientists examining metabolic and liver-related disorders.

Allolithocholic acid is a secondary bile acid, which is derived from the microbial metabolism of primary bile acids within the intestinal tract. Its mode of action involves interactions with nuclear receptors and membrane-bound receptors that regulate various metabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. These interactions suggest its potential to influence cholesterol levels and glycemic control. The uses and applications of Allolithocholic acid are primarily in the realm of research focused on metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. It serves as a model compound in studies examining the impact of bile acids on metabolic regulation, offering insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Moreover, its role in modulating gut microbiota compositions and functions offers further avenues for investigation, particularly concerning gastrointestinal health and related systemic effects.

Chenodeoxycholic acid is a human primary bile acid which is also found the bile of geese. Its C-7 epimer, Ursodeoxycholic acid is found in bear’s bile. Both bile acids are used for the treatment of gallstones, although Ursodeoxycholic acid has shown superior efficacy (bear’s bile extracts are also used in Chinese medicine).

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid, sodium salt is a taurine-conjugated bile acid derivative, which is synthesized in the liver from ursodeoxycholic acid. It functions through its role in stabilizing the mitochondria and inhibiting apoptosis by modulating the unfolded protein response. This molecular action involves reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress, thereby providing cytoprotective effects in various cellular environments. The compound is commonly utilized in research and experimental settings to explore its potential therapeutic implications for neurodegenerative diseases, liver disorders, and ocular conditions. Its ability to mitigate cellular stress responses and modulate apoptosis makes it a valuable tool for investigating pathways related to cellular protection and recovery. Such properties have sparked interest in its translational potential, particularly in contexts involving cellular and molecular resilience.