Cannabinoides

Anandamide is an endogenous cannabinoid, which is a bioactive lipid mediator primarily found in the brain and peripheral organs. It is synthesized from membrane phospholipid precursors through enzymatic pathways, primarily involving the enzyme N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD). Anandamide acts as a ligand for cannabinoid receptors, mainly the CB1 receptor located in the central nervous system, and the CB2 receptor found in peripheral tissues. This compound plays a critical role in the modulation of neurotransmitter release and is involved in various physiological processes including pain, mood, appetite regulation, and memory. Additionally, anandamide's interaction with cannabinoid receptors influences synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection. Due to its far-reaching effects, anandamide is a subject of interest in pharmacological research, particularly in exploring therapeutic avenues for neurological disorders, chronic pain management, and appetite modulation. Understanding its pathways and effects at the molecular level continues to be an essential aspect of cannabinoid research, aiming to harness its potential in medical applications.

Applications KML-29 is an extremely specific monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor. KML-2 should be useful to distinguish between actions of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (an endogenous ligand of cannabinoid receptors that is deactivated by MAGL) and anandamide, another endocannabinoid. References Ueda, N. et al.: Chem. Biol., 19, 545 (2012);

Applications 4'-O-Methyl-d3 Quercetin is the labeled analogue of 4'-O-Methyl Quercetin (M326580), a major metabolite of the flavanoid Quercetin (Q509500) with antioxidant properties. It helps to protect H9c2 cardiomyoblasts against H2O2-induced oxidative stress via the modulation of PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package References Duenas, M. et al.: Eur. Food Res. Technol., 232, 103 (2011); Ameho, C.K. et al.: J. Nutrit. Biochem., 19, 467 (2008); Angeloni, C. et al.: Biochimie, 89, 73 (2007)

Applications JWH 018 N-Pentanoic Acid β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of JWH 018 or 1-Pentyl-3-(1-Napthoyl)indole (P283650), which is a mildly selective agonist of the peripheral cannabinoid (CB2) receptor. References Chimalakonda, K. et al.: Anal. Chem., 83, 6381 (2011); Aung, M. et al.: Drug Alcohol Depend., 60, 133 (2000)

Impurity Paracetamol EP Impurity A Applications 2-Acetamidophenol is an impurity of Acetaminophen (A161220). Acetaminophen is an analgesic and antipyretic agent and used as a pain reliever to treat headache, muscle aches, and arthritis (1,2). References (1) McGill, M. R. and Jaeschke, H. Pharm Res. 30, 2174 (2013)(2) Fairbrother, J.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 3, 1 (1974)

Stability Hygroscopic Applications (2,4-difluorophenyl)hydrazine is a reactant in the preparation of 1a,2,5,5a-tetrahydro-1H-2,3-diaza-cyclopropa[a]pentalen-4-carboxamides as potent and selective CB2 receptor agonists. References Han, S., et. al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 25, 322 (2015)

AM404 is a cannabinoid reuptake inhibitor and a TRPV (1) activator with neuroprotective and anticancer activities that blocks anandamide transport.

Applications Isotope labelled JWH-007 is a novel cannabinoid receptor agonist at both the CB1 and CB2 receptors. References Pertwee, R.G., et al.: Euro. J. Pharmacol., 284, 241 (1995); Wiley, J.L., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Experiment. Therap., 285, 995 (1998);

Applications 2-[(9Z)-9-Octadecenyloxy]-1,3-propanediol, which is an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand. References Suhara, Y. et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 48, 903 (2000);