Azúcares troncales y bases nucleicas

8-Hydroxyadenine is a reactive molecule that is used in the treatment of HIV infection. It is an inhibitor of reverse transcriptase and has been used to protect DNA against radiation damage. 8-Hydroxyadenine has been shown to induce a number of genotoxic effects, including neuronal death. 8-Hydroxyadenine can also be used as a DNA probe for the detection of HIV, with the advantage over other probes of having a high specificity for its target sequence.

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Synthetic building block for nucleic acid research

Applications Nucleoside derivatives of 5-substituted uracil have been explored for their potential application as anti-viral agents and in the treatment of tumors. References Ressner, E.C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 19, 1, 194 (1976)

9-(β-D-xylofuranosyl)guanine (9XG) is a trifluoride. It is an antiviral agent that inhibits the growth of herpes virus, in particular by methylating guanosine to 9-methylguanosine in the viral DNA. 9XG binds to the viral DNA and prevents its replication through the inhibition of RNA synthesis. The drug is active against many different types of viruses and has been shown to be effective against tissue cultures infected with herpes virus. 9XG is synthesized from guanosine and boron trifluoride etherate, which are reacted at -78 degrees Celsius for three days. This yields a mixture of compounds with various peracylation groups, which are then separated by chromatography.

DMG-PEG 2000 is a lipid used with others to form lipid nanoparticles for mRNA vaccine delivery.

8-Azaadenine is an analog of adenine that binds to the purine receptor in the cell membrane. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacterial strains, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, by targeting their DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. 8-Azaadenine has also been shown to have a high resistance to bacterial mutants resistant to other antibiotics. It has been found that the nitrogen atoms in 8-azaadenine are important for its biological properties. The optimum pH for this antibiotic is 7.4.

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N6-(2-Isopentenyl)adenine is a component of some nucleic acid molecules and can be synthesized from adenosine. It is used in vitro as a matrix effect to enhance the production of enzymes that are involved in the synthesis of amino acids, peptides, and proteins. N6-(2-Isopentenyl)adenine has been shown to stimulate the activity of enzymes such as urease, glucose oxidase, and horseradish peroxidase. This compound has been found to inhibit the replication of infectious agents by binding to DNA or RNA. The enzyme activities that are stimulated by this substance are important for the synthesis of essential biochemical compounds such as proteins and amino acids. In addition, it has been shown that N6-(2-Isopentenyl)adenine can inhibit autoimmune diseases and cytokinin.

6-Benzyladenine is a plant growth hormone that promotes the uptake and utilization of chlorophyll. It has been shown to stimulate the production of fatty acids in plants, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the activity of protease enzymes. 6-Benzyladenine also has an optimum concentration level at 2 μM, which leads to a significant increase in growth when applied to tissue cultures. In addition, this compound has been shown to inhibit the lipid peroxidation of membrane systems. 6-Benzyladenine is used as an analytical method for measuring protease activity in plants.

8-Mercaptopurine is a purine analog that inhibits viral replication in cells by binding to the ribofuranosyl moiety of the nucleic acid. It is used as an immunosuppressant drug and for the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia. 8-Mercaptopurine has been shown to inhibit viral replication by binding to the ribofuranosyl moiety of RNA, which prevents the formation of a DNA-RNA hybrid. This activity is inhibited by chlorine atoms and copper chloride. Structural studies have shown that 8-mercaptopurine forms glycosidic bonds with glucose, which may be responsible for its antiviral activity. The molecular modeling studies also revealed that 8-mercaptopurine interacts with methyltransferase, which may account for its inhibitory effects on DNA synthesis. 8-Mercaptopurine has also been found to be effective against a wide range of viruses including HIV, influenza, herpes simplex virus type 1

Intermediate in the synthesis of Decitabine

7-Deazaguanine is a nucleoside with potential as an antiviral agent. 7-Deazaguanine inhibits the activity of the enzyme RNA polymerase II, which is required for viral replication. The drug binds to the DNA template, inhibiting polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and prevents transcription of viral RNA by hydrogen bonding to its complementary strands. In addition, it has been shown to reduce the production of epidermal growth factor in cells.

2'-Trifluoromethane sulfonate-2,3'-anhydro-1-(beta-D-xylofuranosyl)uracil is a nucleophile that hydrolyzes to form uracil. It can also be used as a linker in the formation of hexamethylphosphoric chloride and triamide derivatives.

CY7 (Sulfo-Cyanine7) is a fluorescence labeling agent (Ex=750 nm, Em=773 nm). Cy7 is used for labeling oligonucleotides, antibodies, peptides, and proteins.

6-n-Propoxypurine (6-PP) is an intermediate in the purine biosynthetic pathway. It is a methylated adenosine analog that inhibits protein synthesis by inhibiting the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase and blocking the conversion of ribonucleotides to nucleotides. 6-PP also has autophagic activity, which may be due to its ability to decrease ATP levels. 6-PP is found in both cellular and extracellular environments, where it is converted into 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DAP), a cytokinin with erythropoietic effects. 6-DAP can be methylated to produce 6-mercaptopurine riboside, a drug used for the treatment of some forms of cancer.

Applications N4-Aminocytidine (cas# 57294-74-3) is a useful research chemical.

Sulfo-Cyanine5, a Cy8 analog, works with typical fluorescence devices like imagers and microscopes.

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6-Hydrazinopurine is an anti-hepatitis drug that is a prodrug for 6-chloropurine. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it has been shown to bind to the virus receptor and inhibit the replication of the virus. It also competitively inhibits amines in biochemical assays. This property may be due to its hydroxyl group, which can form a hydrogen bond with the amino group of amines. It has been shown to be active against prostate carcinoma cells. 6-Hydrazinopurine has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and decreasing cell proliferation.

8-Hydroxyguanine is a purine derivative that is found in DNA. It is a byproduct of oxidative damage to DNA and can cause mutations. 8-Hydroxyguanine binds to the α1 subunit of DNA polymerase, inhibiting the polymerization of nucleotides. This prevents the synthesis of new DNA, resulting in cell death. In humans, 8-hydroxyguanine appears to be repaired at a higher rate than other organisms such as bacteria. A study has shown that human cells are able to repair 8-hydroxyguanine by using an enzyme called O6-alkylguanine transferase (AGT). The AGT protein removes the alkyl group from the guanine base and replaces it with an amino group during repair. This process results in the formation of O6-methylguanine, which can be eliminated by methylation or excreted through urine.

Pyronin Y (Pyronine G) is an intercalating cationic dye that shows specificity towards RNA.

Applications 1,3-Diethyl-5-nitroso-6-aminouracil (cas# 89073-60-9) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

6-Methylmercaptopurine is an important metabolite of 6-methylmercaptopurine, which is a vital component of the nucleotide synthesis pathway. It is used in analytical methods to determine levels of nucleotides, as well as in biological studies for its effect on autoimmune diseases. 6-Methylmercaptopurine can inhibit replication by inhibiting the methyltransferase enzyme.

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5-Vinyluracil (5-U) is a trifluoroacetic acid derivative of uracil that inhibits the growth of Streptococcus faecalis by blocking the synthesis of DNA. 5-U has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells in cell culture. 5-U prevents the formation of hydrogen bonds, which are essential for DNA replication. It also inhibits glycosidic bond formation and intramolecular hydrogen bonding.

1,3-Dimethyluracil is a uracil derivative that is used as a hydrogen-bond donor, which helps to repair DNA. It has been shown to have a kinetic isotope effect in the deuterium isotope effect studies. The carbonyl group of 1,3-dimethyluracil can form hydrogen bonds with the guanine base in DNA and lead to the formation of an adduct. This adduct can be repaired by nucleotide excision repair when it forms a dimer with another 1,3-dimethyluracol molecule or by base excision repair when it forms a dimer with another purine or pyrimidine base. Aqueous solutions of 1,3-dimethyluracil are stable for short periods of time but decompose rapidly on heating. X-ray crystal structures show that 1,3-dimethyluracil binds to hydrochloric acid and x-ray crystallographic analysis

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6-Chloro-9-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)purine is a nucleoside analog that is used to treat various types of cancer. It is a c-h bond regiospecific nucleophile that forms the 6-chloro 9-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)purine intermediate. The chloride ion acts as a nucleophile in the first step of this process, which results in the formation of an organocuprate and glyoxylate. 6CPP binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis, leading to cell death by apoptosis or necrosis. This drug has been shown to be effective for treating human cell lines. 6CPP is also known for its antitumor effects, which may be due to its ability to inhibit phosphonates and cross-coupling reactions.

Applications 6-Amino-1,3-dimethyl-5-nitrosouracil (cas# 3346-61-0) is a compound useful in organic synthesis. References Varma, R., et al.: J. Ocular Pharmacol. Ther., 16, 571 (2000),

5-Bromo-1,3-dimethyluracil is a synthetic compound that belongs to the class of aromatic compounds. It is an isomeric mixture of two enantiomers, 5-bromo-1,3-dimethyluracil and 5-bromo-2,4-dimethyluracil. The two enantiomers have different properties in terms of their ability to form complexes with chloride ions and exciplexes with irradiation. The fluorescence of 5-bromo-1,3-dimethyluracil has been shown to increase when it interacts with acetonitrile. This type of reaction has been observed using the functional theory. 5 bromo 1 methyl uracil is used in a cross coupling reaction with an organic halide in order to produce an organic molecule containing a methylene group that can be converted into other functional groups such as chloride or fluoroform.

Applications N2-Methyl-2’-deoxyguanosine is a product from the reaction of formaldehyde with exocyclic amino group of deoxyguanosine. Used as the template in primer extension reactions catalyzed by the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. References Yasui, M., et al.: Nucleic Acids Res., 29, 1994-2001 (2001)

7-Deazaxanthine is a purine derivative that has been shown to have antiangiogenic properties. It inhibits the growth of cancer cells by inhibiting the synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is a potent angiogenic factor. 7-Deazaxanthine also binds to the VEGF receptor, preventing it from binding to VEGF. The x-ray crystal structures and kinetic data for 7-deazaadenosine suggest that this compound may be an inhibitor of hydrogen bonding interactions between amino acids in protein molecules, leading to its antiangiogenic activity. 7-Deazaxanthine does not prevent the activation of tyrosine kinases or phosphatases. In addition, this compound has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells in culture and in vivo studies using mouse models. This drug also has glycosidic bond, which can result in a variety of chemical structures due to different types of glycos

7-Methylxanthine is a purine alkaloid that is the primary metabolite of caffeine. It is structurally related to theobromine, which is found in chocolate. 7-Methylxanthine has been shown to have hypoglycemic effects and may be useful for the treatment of myopia. The optimum concentration of 7-methylxanthine for inhibiting carotenoid biosynthesis has been determined as 10 μM. It also inhibits axial elongation in cultured chick retinal cells by reducing carotenoid levels and increasing p-hydroxybenzoic acid levels in the retina. The analytical method for quantifying 7-methylxanthine relies on high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV).

Applications 4-Thiouracil is a derivative of Uracil (U801000), which is a nitrogenous base in RNA nucleic acid. 4-Thiouracil is used for tagging in cell type-specific RNA isolation from intact complex tissues. References Miller, M., et al.: Nat. Methods, 6, 439 (2009); Seth, P., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 8309 (2010); Cui, H., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 45, 5140 (2010);